第一条（1）本公约适用于营业地在不同国家的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合同：（a）如果这些国家是缔约国；或（b）如果国际私法规则导致适用某一缔约国的法律。
（2）当事人营业地在不同国家的事实，如果从合同或从订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时，当事人之间的任何交易或当事人透露的情报均看不出，应不予考虑。
（3）在确定本公约的适用时，当事人的国籍和当事人或合同的民事或商业性质，应不予考虑。
Article 1(1) This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different States:(a) when the States are Contracting States; or(b) when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a Contracting State.(2) The fact that the parties have their places of business in different States is to be disregarded whenever this fact does not appear either from the contract or from any dealings between, or from information disclosed by, the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract.(3) Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration in determining the application of this Convention.第二条本公约不适用于以下的销售：（a）购供私人、家人或家庭使用的货物的销售，除非卖方在订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时不知道而且没有理由知道这些货物是购供任何这种使用；（b）经由拍卖的销售；（c）根据法律执行令状或其它令状的销售；（d）公债、股票、投资证券、流通票据或货币的销售；（e）船舶、船只、气垫船或飞机的销售；（f）电力的销售。
RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF CONTRACTS合同法第二次重述Chapter 1MEANING OF TERMS第一章 合同条款的含义§1. CONTRACT DEFINEDA contract is a promise or a set of promises for the breach of which the law gives a remedy, or the performance of which the law in some way recognizes as a duty.§1.合同指的是一个允诺或一组允诺，如果违反此允诺，则法律给与救济；如果其履行了允诺，则法律以某种方式将其视为一项义务。
§2. PROMISE; PROMISOR; PROMISEE.(1) A promise is a manifestation of intention to act or refrain from acting in a specified way,so made as to justify a promisee in understanding that a commitment has been made.(2) The person manifesting the intention is the promisor.(3) The person to whom the manifestation is addressed is the promisee....(4) Where performance will benefits a person other than the promisee, that person is beneficiary.§2. 允诺；允诺人；受允诺人（1）允诺就是以特定方式实施或禁止实施某种行为的意思表示，这种意思表示使受允诺人正当地认为一个允诺已经作出。
等分化票据拆分的操作流程英文回答：Equally Dividing Negotiable Instruments Splitting Operation Process.1. Preparation before splitting:(1) Confirm the validity of the negotiable instrument and its amount.(2) Determine the number of splits and the amount of each split.(3) Prepare the necessary documents, such as the splitting agreement and the new negotiable instruments.2. Splitting process:(1) Endorse the original negotiable instrument to thedesignated payees.(2) Create new negotiable instruments with the specified amounts and payees.(3) Record the splitting details on the original negotiable instrument.3. Post-splitting procedures:(1) Distribute the new negotiable instruments to the designated payees.(2) Retain a copy of the splitting agreement and the original negotiable instrument for future reference.中文回答：等分化票据拆分的操作流程。
