主谓一致

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Subject – verb agreement 主 谓 一 致 性 主备人:侯玉红 审核人: 陈晓宁 主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则,也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。 主谓一致主要有以下几种情况: 主谓一致: 一、语法一致 二、意义一致 三、就近原则 一、语法一致

主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式; 主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。 例如:I often help him and he often helps me. 我经常帮助他,他也经常帮助我。 We often help each other. 我们经常互相帮助。 不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数; 可数名词的复数形式作主语,谓语动词用复数。 二、意义一致

主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数; 主语形式为复数,而意义为单数,谓语动词用单数。如: The crowd ________(were/was) surrounding the government official. 人群包围了这位政府官员。 Maths ________(is/are) hard to learn. 数学难学。 1. 集体名词作主语,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数,主要由句子的意思决定。 强调整体时用单数,强调整体中的个体的用复数。这类名词有people, family, class, people, crowd, team., audience等。 His family ___going out. 他们全家要外出。 His family _____all music lovers. 他们全家都是音乐爱好者。 2. 名词如trousers, clothes, goods, glasses , scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数; 而形复义单的名词如news;以-ics结尾的学科名称如physics, politics, 国名如the United States; 报纸名如the New Times; 书名如Great Expectations(《远大前程》);以及the United Nations作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 如:The scissors ______ sharp. No news is good news. Great Expectations ___(be)written by Charles Dickens in 1860. 3. 有些名词单复数形式相同,作主语时,谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有means, deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish等。如:  Not every means ____useful. 并非每种方法都有效。  Not all means _____useful. 并非所有的方法都有效。 三、就近原则 就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 1. 用连词 or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接并列主语时,谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。 如:  Neither you nor I ____ (are/am) wrong. Neither I nor you _____(am/are)wrong.  Not only the students but also the teacher __________ (enjoy) listening to the music. Not only the teacher but also the students ____________(enjoy) listening to the music. 2. 在表存在的there be 句式中,主语是两个或多个并列名词(短语),be的形式与最近的一个名词(短语)保持一致。 There ________(be) a pen, two pencils and several books on the desk. =There ______________(be) two pencils, a pen and several books on the desk. =There ____________(be ) several books, a pen and two pencils on the desk. 由here, there等引导的倒装句中,若主语不止一个时,谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。如:  Here comes the bus.  Here is a pen and two books for you. 各种不同的情况: 1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词有以下两种情况: 1). and连接两个或两个以上不同的人或物作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如: He and I _____(am/is/are)both students of this school. 我和他都是这个学校的学生。 Time and tide ______(wait/waits)for no man. 岁月不饶人。 2). 如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构是指同一个人或物,或指同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。 例如: A).表整体概念的并列结构: bread and butter the knife and fork iron and steel the husband and wife B).配套事物: a watch and chain a needle and thread The knife and fork ____ _on the desk. 刀叉放在桌子上。 The knife and the fork ____ on the desk. 2. 主语后面带有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, including, but 等引导的短语时,谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如: The teacher, together with his students, _____ planting trees in the garden. 老师和同学们正在花园里种树。 3. 如果主语是不定式,动词-ing形式或主语从句时,谓语动词用单数。 What he is doing ________(seem) very important. 他正在做什么看起来很重要。 Serving the people ____(be)my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福。 4. 并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。 Every boy and every girl in the class _____(be)diligent. 班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动用单数。 复数代词+ each, 谓语动词用复数。 如: Each of us _____ something to say. 我们每个人都有些话要说。 They each ______something to say. 6. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none等作主语时,谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数;但当它指代不可数名词时看作单数,谓语动词用单数。  All the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。  All the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。  None of us are /is perfect. 人无完人。  None of the money is left. 一点钱也没剩下。 7. 有 some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Someone ____(be)calling you. 有人叫你。 Nothing _____(be)found in the room. 在屋里找不到什么东西。 8. 表示一类人的 “the +形容词(分词)”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。  The sick in the accident _______ (has/have) been taken to the hospital.  The lost _______(has/have)been found. 9. 表示时间、金钱、距离、长度,重量等名词的复数作主语时,看作是一个整体,其谓语动词用单数。如:  Thirty years is not a long time. 30年的时间并不长。  Two hours is enough for me to finish the work. 两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。 10. the rest of, half of, majority of, part of, a lot of, lots of, one of, a number of, a plenty of, percent of 以及分数词等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数,即就近原则。如: A part of the students have arrived. 部分学生已到了。 A part of the apple has been eaten by the mouse. 这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。 11. 当more than one, many a 修饰主语时, 谓语动词用单数。  Many a student is to meet at the school gate tomorrow morning.  More than one student has seen the film. 12. 在主谓倒装的句子中,主谓应保持一致。 Between the two windows hangs a picture. 两窗之间挂一幅画。 On the wall were hang two pictures. 13. population做主语,谓语动词用单数, 但如果是人口的一部分(百分之几,几分之几)做主语谓语动词用复数。 The population of China is larger than that of USA. About half of the population are working in the city. 巩固练习: 1. On the wall______ two large pictures. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 2. “News of victories _____ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep B. kept C. keeps D. have kept 3. There _____ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C. were D. has