wish 后 的宾语从句谓语 but for sth(若不是) : but for sth =if it were not for sth(与现在相反) ， +…would do …
=if it had not been for sth.(与过去相反)， +…would have done…
otherwise/or: 表示事实的句子 一般现在时(do) + otherwise(adv)/or(conj) + ..would do…
一般过去时(did) + otherwise(adv)/or(conj) + ..would have done…
but(但是): 表示虚拟的句子 (与现在)…would do… + but + 事实句子…do…
(与过去) …would have done…+but + 事实句子…did…
Book6 Unit1 Art
语法：虚拟语气
Step1： lead-in ： 英语的三种语气
陈述语气: 用来陈述一个事实或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问和感叹等形式。
祈使语气: 用来表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请和命令等。Hurry up!
虚拟语气: 表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 If 条件从句 虚拟条件句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反的假设 did/were would/could/might do 与过去相反的假设
had done would/could/might have done 与将来相反的假设 did/were to do/should do would/could/might do
1. If I ____ (meet)Professor Smith last week, I___ (tell) him about it.
2. If I ____ _ (have) enough money now, I ___ (buy) a car of my own.
3. If it tomorrow(rain), they off the meeting.(put)
4. If she here tomorrow(come), she us what has happened to her. (tell)
虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：
①错综时间条件句是指从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。
5. If you ___ _(follow) my advice, you ___ _____ (be) a success now.
6. If you ___ (take) medicine yesterday, you __ (be) better now.
②隐含条件句： without / but for ，otherwise / or 等词表含蓄条件,需用虚拟语气。
7. Without air, there ___ (be) no living things now.
8. If it had not been for the storm, we ____ (arrive) earlier.
9. B ut for your help, I ___ (fail) to win the first prize in the English C ompetition last week.
10. I am really busy. Otherwise l ___ (go) with you.
I would go with you, but I ___ (be)really busy.
③省略句
在虚拟条件句中，可省略 if ，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式．
11. I f I were you, I would go to bed early tonight.--- ___ ______ , I would go to bed early tonight.
12. If I ___ _(have) time, I would have visited you.---__ __________ , I would have visited you. 13 _______ there sufficient masks, people would not buy phoney masks innocently.
④虚拟条件句与真实条件句的区分(看实现可能性的大小)
If I have time, I will help you with the work.
If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.
Step3:虚拟语气特殊句型：
①wish 之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。
与现在相反： did 与过去相反： had done 与将来相反：would/could /might do
14.
I wish I
（be ）a great scientist now I wish I
（see ）the film yesterday.
I wish she （come ）on time tomorrow.
②as if /though + Clause 与现在相反：did
与过去相反：had done 与将来相反：would/could/might do
15. She loves the baby as if it ____ her own son.(be)
They talked as if they ___ friends for years.(be)
He coughed twice as if someone____ ............ (come)
③ if only 意为：要是...那该多好啊; 真希望...; 由其引起的感叹句，谓语动词的形式与 if 虚拟条件句相同。 与现在相反：did
与过去相反：had done
与将来相反：would/could/might do
16. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I __ ______ (take)your advice.
④ would rather 宁愿；但愿
与现在相反：did 与过去相反：had done
与将来相反：did
17. You always go without me and I’d rather you ___ _. 你总是不带我去，我可不愿意你这样。
I would rather you ___ (come)here tomorrow.
I would rather you__ _______ (tell) me that thing yesterday.
George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I would rather he _____ (focus) more on its culture.
⑤It’s (about/high) time +that sb. did sth.
18. Tom, it is high time that __ _____________________ (你服药)。
19 ________________________________________ (政府该采取有效措施来解决这一问题了) ⑥表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。
1） 宾语从句 常见动词：
一坚持：insist 二命令：order, command
三建议：advise, suggest, recommend 四要求：require, request, demand, desire
20. Tom’s pale face suggested that she __ _(send) to hospital.
_____(be) ill, and her parents suggested that she 21. Tom insisted what he said _____true and we insisted that he ____ (go) and have a look.
2) 以上动词相应的名词：order, command, advise, suggestion, requirement, request 等构成的名词性从句也要使用should + 动词原形，或者将should 省略。
22. Our teacher agreed to the suggestion that we _____ (give) two weeks to prepare for the exam. ⑦It’s necessary / important + that…从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should ）+动词原形
24. It is necessary that the problem__ _______ （settle ）at once.
Step4:几种表示虚拟的特殊句式
❶情态动词+have done (“本”一族)
could have done(本能够做，但没做) ought to/ should have done(本该做，但没做)
needn’t have done (本没必要做，但是做了)
❷未曾实现的愿望及打算
had expected/hoped/wanted/planned/meant to do = expected/intended…+ to have done 本打算做 should/would like to have done sth. 宁愿过去做… would
rather have done 宁愿过去做…
were/was to have done sth. 本打算做…
……….., but sb. did sth. (but 后面引出事实) would rather 从句中的谓语形式 if only 后谓语 as if 后谓语形式
