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2014年度全国医学考博英语统考-阅读理解全解及详解

2014年度全国医学考博英语统考-阅读理解全解及详解
2014年度全国医学考博英语统考-阅读理解全解及详解

2014年

Passage one

I have just returned from Mexico,where I visited a factory making medical masks.Faced with fierce competition,the owner has cut his costs by outsourcing some of his production.Scores of people work for him in their homes,threading elastic into masks by hand.They are paid below the minimum wage,with no job security and no health care https://www.doczj.com/doc/f214333093.html,er of medical masks and other laboratory gear probably give little thought to where their equipment comes from. change.A significant proportion of these products are made in the developing world by low-paid people with inadequate labor rights.This leads to human misery on a tremendous scale.

我刚从墨西哥参观一家制造医用口罩的工厂回来,面对激烈的竞争,哪里的工厂老板把他们的部分产品外包出去,来减少开支,很多工人在自己家里工作,用手将松紧带传入口罩中。他们获得的工资低于最低薪酬标准,并且工作没有保障,也没有医疗保障。对医学面罩和其他试验设备的使用者,他们很少考虑这些设备从哪儿来,这些需要改变。发展中国家的这些设备的很大一部分是有低收入,缺少基本权益的劳工生产出来的。这些产品给他们带来大规模的苦难。

63.the author argues that when researchers in the wealthy west buy tools of their trade, they should----(D)

A.have the same concern with the developing countries.

B.be blind to their sources for the sake of humanity.

C.pursue good bargains in the international market.

D.spare a thought for how they were made.

解析:推理题,题干(当西方富裕国家的研究者买了他们生产的工具时,作者认为,他们应该---)。

A.同样关注发展中国家的情况,无中生有。

B.从无人道主义出发来考虑产品的来源,无中生有。

C.在国际市场中寻找便宜货,无中生有。

D.本段讲到:User of medical masks and other laboratory gear probably give little thought to where their equipment comes from.That needs to change.答案D正确。Take lab coats.Many are made in India,where most cotton farmers are paid an unfair price for their crops and factory employees work illegal hours for poor pay.在比如实验室外套,很多是印度制造,那儿的大部分棉花种植者很廉价的卖掉自己的庄家,工厂员工工资低廉,上班时间超过法律工作时间。

61.from the medical masks to the lab coats,the author is trying to tell us------(D)

A.the practice of occupational protection in the developing world.

B.the developing countries plagued by poverty and disease.

C.the cheapest labor in the developing countries.

D.the human misery behind them.

解答:提干(从医用面罩到实验室外套,作者是想告诉我们-----),医用面罩

讲到:below the minimum wage,with no job security and no health care provision.以及inadequate labor rights.This leads to human misery on a tremendous scale.,以及coat讲到paid an unfair price,work illegal hours for poor pay这些提示D,而A是发展中国家职业保护,选项无中生有,B是发展中国家遭受贫穷和疾病的威胁,答非所问,C是发展中国家劳动力最廉价,答非所问。

One-fifth of the world’s surgical instruments are made in northern Pakistan.When I visited a couple of years ago I found most works toiling12hours a day,seven days a week,for less than a dollar a day,exposed to noise,metal dust and toxic chemicals. Thousands of children,some as young as7,work in the industry.世界上1/5的外科器械是有北部的巴基斯坦生产的,很多年前当我拜访巴基斯坦时,我发现他们一天辛苦工作12小时,一周工作7天,并且一天的工资不到1美元,工作暴露在吵杂的,有金属灰尘以及有毒化学气体等,数以千计的小孩,一些有7岁,都在工厂做工。

To win international contracts,factory owners must offer rock-bottom prices,and consequently drive down wages and labor conditions as far as they can.We laboratory scientists in the developed world may unwittingly be encouraging this: we ask how much our equipment will cost,but which of us asks made it and how much they were paid?This is no small matter.Science is supposed to benefit humanity,but because of the conditions under which their tools are made,many scientists may actually be causing harm.

为了赢得国际合作,工厂老板必须出低价格,进而压低工资和降低劳动条件,我们这些位于发达国家实验室的科学家可能在不知不觉中变成了这样:我们会问我们的设备需要花费多少?,但我们中的哪一个会问这些设备是谁做的?那些人能得到多少薪水那?这不是个小事,科学技术本应该造福人类,但是生产工具加工环境如此恶劣,也许很多科学家创造的技术正给人们带来危害。

62.the concerning phenomenon the author had observed,according to the passage(C)

A.is nothing but the repetition of the miserable history.

B.could have been even exaggerated.

C.is unfamiliar to the wealthy west.

D.is prevailing across the world.

答案:判断推理题,This is no small matter.Science is supposed to benefit humanity, but because of the conditions under which their tools are made,many scientists may actually be causing harm.可以推断出答案为C,与富裕的西方不一样,A历史悲剧的重演,B可能有点夸张,D这种现象在全世界都很普遍。

What can be done?A knee-jerk boycott of unethical goods is not the answer;it would just make things worse for workers in those manufacturing zones.What we need is to start asking suppliers to be transparent about where and how their products are manufacture and urge them to improve their manufacturing practices.我们应该怎么做?盲目抵制不道德的产品不是问题的解决办法,这只会使处于工作区域的工人情况更糟糕。我们需要开始做的是督促供应商透明化他们的生产基地和生产流程,同时敦促他们规范生产工艺。

64.a proper course of action suggested by the author is----(C)

A.to refuse to import the unethical goods from the developing world.

B.to ask scientists to tell us the truth as the prime value of their work.

C.to urge the manufacturers to address the immoral issues.\

D.to improve the transparency of international contracts.

解析:判断推理题,题干(作者认为适当采用的措施是---),本段提到What we need is to start asking suppliers to be transparent about where and how their products are manufacture and urge them to improve their manufacturing practices.以上两个措施都是杜绝immoral issues的发生,因此C正确,A拒绝进口发展中国家的不道德商品,无中生有,B,要求科学家坦诚工作的主要价值,无中生有,D,完善国际合作的国际透明度,本文提到where and how product的透明度提到了,但国际合作没有提到,无中生有。

It can be done.Many universities are committed to fair trade in the form of ethically sourced tea,coffee or bananas.That model should be extended to laboratory goods.这事可以做到的,很多大学都致力于公平交易,有道德的采购茶叶,咖啡或香蕉。这种采购模式应该扩展到实验室商品上。

There are signs that things are moving.Over the past few years I have worked with health services in the UK and Sweden.both have recently instituted ethical procurement practices.If science is truly going to help humanity,it needs to follow suit.有迹象表明这项正在改观,在过去的几年里,我曾在英国和瑞士从事医疗卫生服务,两处均制定了道德采购法,如果科学家真正的帮助人类,就需要这样做。

65.by saying at the end of the passage that if science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit,the author means that------(C)

A.the scientific community should stand up for all huanmanity.科学界应该支持全人类,无中生有

B.the prime-value of scientists work is to tell the truth.需要讲明科学家工作的主要价值,无中生有

https://www.doczj.com/doc/f214333093.html,boratory goods also need to be ethically sourced.

D.because of science,there is hope for humanity.因为有了科学技术,人类就有了希望。

解析:文章中讲到That model should be extended to l aboratory goods.结合最后一段也是围绕ethical,所以选择C.

单词汇总:

1.mask英[mɑ?sk]n.面具;口罩;掩饰vi.掩饰;戴面具;化装

vt.掩饰;戴面具;使模糊

2.outsource英[a?t's??s]vt.把…外包vi.外包

3.scores of许多,大量

4.sake n.目的;利益;理由;the sake of以……之故

5.Pakistan英['p?kist?n]n.巴基斯坦(南亚国家名)

6.toil n.辛苦;苦工;vi.辛苦工作;艰难地行进vt.费力地做;使…过度

劳累

7.rock-bottom英['r?k'b?t?m]adj.底层的;最低的n.最低点

8.unwitting英[?n'w?t??]adj.不知情的;不知不觉的,无意的v.使精神

错乱;使丧失智能

9.knee-jerk n.下意识,自动反应;膝反射adj.下意识的,自动反应的;

膝反射的

10.boycott英['b??k?t]vt.联合抵制;拒绝参加n.联合抵制

11.procurement英[pr?'kj??m?nt]n.采购;获得,取得

passage two

a little information is a dangerous thing.A lot of information,if it’s inaccurate or confusing,even more so.This is a problem for anyone trying to spend or invest in an environmentally sustainable way.Investors are barraged with indexes purporting to describe companies’eco-credentials,some of dubious quality.Green labels on consumer products are ubiquitous,but their claims are hard to verify.The confusion is evident from the new scientist’s analysis of whether public perception of companies’green credentials reflect reality.It shows that many companies considered“green”have done little to earn that reputation,while others do not get sufficient credit for their efforts to reduce their environmental impact.Obtaining better information is crucial,because decisions by consumers and big investors will help propel us towards a green economy.

只了解一些信息是危险的事情,而知道很多信息,如果不准确或有困扰,是更危险的。在环境可持续的发展的前提下,想花钱或投资的人面临着信息不准确或者信息混论的问题。投资者被企业所描述的环保指标狂轰乱炸,甚至一些存在可疑的质量问题。贴有绿色标签的产品无处不在,他们的宣称很难证实真假(他们的真实性很难核实)。困惑是显而易见的:来自<新科学>杂志就分析了关于公司利用环保证书让公认知公司的真实性这一问题。报告称很多公司认为绿色不能为他们提高企业声誉,而另外一些公司通过努力减少对环境的影响,却没有能得到环保认证,来获得好的信息是重要的,因为消费者或大的投资者的决策能促进绿色经济的发展。

66.“the confusion”at the beginning of the2nd paragraph refers to–(C)---

A.where to spend or invest in a sustainable way.

B.an array of consumer products to choose.

C.a fog of unreliable green information.

D.little information on eco-credibility.

解析:(refer to)细节题,题干(在开始的的二段落提到的困惑,指的是----),This is a problem for anyone trying to spend or invest in an environmentally sustainable way.Investors are barraged with indexes purporting to describe companies’eco-credentials,some of dubious quality.Green labels on consumer products are ubiquitous,but their claims are hard to verify.,可以看出the confusion是指indexes about eco-credentials is fog,green labels are ubiquitous,but it is not to verify,所以C正确,confusion=fog,一系列不真实的绿色信息的困扰或困惑。

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