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英文论文写作常用句子-精品范文资料

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英文论文写作常用句子-精品范文资料

英文论文写作常用句子

英文论文写作常用句子

Beginningl In this paper, we focus on the need for l This paper proceeds as follow.l The structure of the paper is as follows.l In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related conceptsl To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introductionl This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.l Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.l In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non?fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered.Reviewl This review is followed by an introduction. l A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2.l In the next section a brief view of the .... is given. l In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ...l Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.l Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.Bodyl Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.l Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision?making logic.l Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxxl Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.l Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time?windowl

Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the ...l Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ..and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.l Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.l Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx.l Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision.l Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rulesl The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies.l Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model.l Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set?based approach to cost variance investigation.l Section 4 gives a

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英语作文万能句子大全

although 虽然,尽管 He went through with his plan although all his friends advised him to abandon it. 尽管他所有的朋友忠告他放弃他的计划,但他坚持完成了该项计划。 after all 毕竟;终究 After all, no one knows me better than me. 毕竟,没有哪一个人比自己更了解自己。 in spite of…尽管;不管,不顾 In spite of the material benefits wealth provides, I believe one should abandon the pursuit of materialism and instead concentrate on the pursuit of happiness. 但是尽管财富提供了物质上的利益,我相信一个人应该放弃追求唯物主义,而应该把注意力集中到追求幸福上去。 despite 尽管 Despite their efforts the project collapsed. 虽然经过他们努力,这个规划还是失败了。 even if 即使 Even if we cannot slow down every day, at least slow down on Sunday. 即使我们不能每天都慢下来,至少可以在星期天慢下来。 even though 虽然 Even though we may have a hundred and one things in our to-do list, not all of them have the same importance. 虽然我我们可能会有一百零一件事情陈列在我们的工作清单上,但不是所有的都一样重要。 though 尽管 Though he had a good start, I rowed him down at last. 虽然他开始时划得很好,但最后我还是赶过了他。 admittedly 诚然 Admittedly, it is a huge challenge for many people,but it is a fact of working life. 诚然,对于许多人来说,这是一个巨大的挑战,但这就是现实。 whatever may happen 无论发生什么事 Whatever may happen, we are determined to do this work. 无论发生什么事情,我们下定决心去做这项工作。

长期整理的英文论文写作常用词汇和短语

长期整理的英文论文写作常用词汇和短语 这几年看文献和写论文的时候整理了一些写作常用词汇和短语,希望大家也能用得上: 差别 gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies,no intergroup difference No statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA. Although MMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage, this difference failed to achieve statistical significance. 存在,出现 occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present 多数,少数 the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ,a marked majority, handful 方法 approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools 发生率 Incidence, frequency, prevalence In contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs. 发现,阐明,报道,证实 verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate,demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest,suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose,report, describe,facilitate the identification of ,screening ,isolation

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学术论文常用词汇 学术论文的语言表达 一、时态 时态是个比较复杂的问题虽然有一般的规则但往往在实际文章中很难把握总体的 规则已在前边讲过需要重申的是在同一段落中要避免时态跳跃详见学术论文的写作最常见的描述一般现象的时态是一般现在时有时也用一般过去时或一般将来时 需要注意的语法 In recent years 作时间状语时通常要用完成时 In recent years, Plesch and coworkers have concluded that many so-called cationic polymerizations do not proceed through intermediates of an ionic nature. 二、数词 数也有其复杂化特别是在学术论文里有是很难顾及数上的逻辑但一般不将逻辑上 的问题视为语法错误只须注意在一个句子中的数和谓语动词的统一即可 以下是需要注意的语法 不规则变化的单复数 单数复数 criterion criteria 依据 phenomenon phenomena 现象 medium media 介质 radius radii 半径 index indices 指数 appendix appendices 附录 stimulus stimuli 刺激 basis bases 基础 2 synthesis syntheses 合成 matrix matrices 基体 Novel biomaterials with improved, specific biological action are being developed using polymers that are responsive to environmental stimuli. 一些数有特殊性的名词 data, kinetics 通常作复数名词 research, work: 不可数名词 The data in Table 1 are obtained from the reactions at different temperatures. The kinetics of polymerization within each droplet are the same as those for the corresponding bulk polymerization. Much research has been done to redirect the tropism of retroviruses by engineering the envelope glycoprotein. Most research on poly(ortho esters) has focused on the synthesis of polymers. 一些结构的数<主谓的统一> one of 复数名词单数

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E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧: 1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。 5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例: “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为:”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为:“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子:“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 2 / 19

英语议论文写作常用句型中英文对照模版

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Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts 5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction 1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined. 2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. 4. In the earliest study of the ….., ……mainly concentrate on the study of…….. In practice, ……. Review 1. This review is followed by an introduction. 2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2. 3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given. 4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ... 5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx. 6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods. Body 1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.

英文论文写作例句

杨跃,实用科技英语翻译研究,西安:西安交通大学出版社,2008 所谓“通顺”,就是在确切理解和掌握原文的基础上,汉语译文必须规范化,用词造句应符合汉语表达习惯,力求通顺易懂。要摆脱原文形式的束缚,不要逐词死译,生搬硬套,选用符合汉语习惯的表达方式,把愿意清楚明白的再现出来。科技译文的通顺还要符合专业表达的习惯,采用规范的专业语言,只在形式上忠实于原文,还不算是好的译文。 在EST翻译中,陆殿杨提出一条原则:“Translate literally, if possible, or appear to f ree translation.”(能直译就尽量直译,不能直译就采取意译。) 译好科技英语需要具备的三个条件: 对英语要比较精通(Good command of English); 汉语水平要比较高(Good command of Chinese); 对有关的科技内容要比较熟悉,即知识水平(Familiarity with Knowledge of Science and Technology) 一般来说,从事科技翻译工作,最好是通晓外语的本行专家,由熟悉本行业的行家翻译出来的东西,远比精通外语的门外汉要强得多。 严复翻译的三字标准“信、达、雅”。求其信,已大难矣!故信矣,不达,虽译,犹不译也,则达尚焉。易曰修辞立诚,子曰词达而已,又曰言之无文,行之不远。三者乃文章正轨,亦即为译事楷模,故信达而外,求其尔雅。此不仅期以行远已耳,实则经理微言。用汉以前字法句法,以为达易;用近世利俗文字,以求达雅,往往意义就词,毫厘千里。审择于斯二者之间,夫固有所不得已也。(《天演论》译例言,1898) 林语堂:忠实、通顺、美 傅雷:神似 钱钟书:化境 对于“美(雅)”,尚有争议。但“忠实”和“通顺”已成公认标准。

英文论文常用词汇-自己总结

因为,由于,考虑到 Since Because Because of As For the reason that Given (that) Considering that Take sth. into consideration / account 所以,因此因此 Therefore Hence So Then Thereafter Thus Consequently 完成某任务 Finish Complete Accomplish Sth. is done 执行 Carry out Execute Conduct Accomplish 获得 Obtain Get Have Acquire Be given Reach the goal that 不妨 may as well might as well here is no harm 使用,用来 Use Utilize Employed Involved Included engaged 包括 Involve Include Embrace Contain Have Comprise 假设,设定,假定,如果 Suppose Assume If Set Given Considering that When 记作 Denote Note Indicate Record 提出,建立,发展,创造,发明,引入Build Create Develop Erect Establish Propose Present Produce Coin Innovate Introduce 根据 According to From 证明,表明 Prove Test验证 Verify Testify Certify Attest Demonstrate Show 重复

英语作文常用万能精华句子

英语作文常用万能精华句子 观点法 ----开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法. Now people in growing gradually realized that...现在人们在成长中逐渐意识到…… 引用法-----先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 引出文章展开论述的观点 比较法------通过对过去,现在两种不同的观点的比较,引出文章讨论的观点. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But now I‘ll tell a new content. 多年来,...已被视为...但是现在我将讲述一个新的内容。 People used to think that ... But now I‘ll tell a new content. 人们过去认为……但是现在我将讲述一个新的内容。 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法, 适用于有争议性的主题. When asked about.... Most of the people say that ...But I don't think so. 当被问及... ,很多人说... 但我不这么认为 Now, it is commonly believe that...But I don't think so 现在,人们普遍认为…但我不这么认为 故事法 ---- 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题. I have a friend who ... 我有一个朋友他.... In our daily life we often in the face of all kinds of trouble.For example... 在日常生活中,我们经常面对种种麻烦。例如… 问题法-----先用讨论或解答的设问,引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题. Should ...... ? some ..., others ...But in my opinion ......应该...吗?有的...有的...但我认为,...... 。 现象法引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 . Recently the rise in problem of ... has cause worldwide concern. 最近上升的问题...引起了全世界的广泛关注。

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