限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
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定语从句的非限定与限定用法在英语语法的学习中,定语从句是一个重要且富有挑战性的部分。
而定语从句又分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句,它们在用法和功能上存在着明显的区别。
限定性定语从句对先行词起到了明确的限定和修饰作用,如果去掉,就会影响句子的意思完整性和准确性。
例如:“The man who is standing over there is my teacher”在这个句子中,“who is standing over there”是限定性定语从句,它明确指出了是站在那边的那个男人是我的老师,如果去掉这个定语从句,“The man is my teacher”就会变得模糊不清,不知道指的是哪个男人。
非限定性定语从句则对先行词起到补充说明的作用,去掉后不影响句子的基本意思。
比如:“My father, who is a doctor, works very hard” 这里的“who is a doctor”是非限定性定语从句,它只是对“my father”进行补充说明,即便去掉,“My father works very hard”这个句子的核心意思依然清晰。
从引导词的使用上来看,两者也有一些不同。
在限定性定语从句中,常用的关系代词有 that、which、who、whom、whose 等;关系副词有when、where、why。
而在非限定性定语从句中,that 一般不能引导,关系代词常用 which、who、whom、whose 等,关系副词常用 when、where。
例如,“This is the book which I bought yesterday”这是一个限定性定语从句,使用了“which”。
再看非限定性定语从句的例子,“The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting”同样是描述昨天买的书,但因为是补充说明,所以用逗号隔开,且用“which”引导。
一、非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句的区别限定性定语从句是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句,它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或事、物。
例如:A man who doesn’t want to learn from others can’t achieve much. 一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多少成就的。
A man被限定后,指一类特定的人。
这类定语从句不能去掉,否则剩下的部分就会含义不清,甚至莫名其妙。
非限定性定语从句只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明,去掉后并不影响句子的基本含义。
形式上,非限定性定语从句与主句之间必须有逗号隔开。
例如:Finally we visited the Giant Yanytze Gorges Dam, which is the greatest key water controlproject in the world at present. 最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝,它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。
一般说来,先行词是专有名词时,只能用非限定性定语从句修饰。
非限定性定语从句是高考出现率较高的考点之一。
二、非限定性定语从只能用which(不用that) 引导。
例如:Heat is another form of energy, which is as important as other kinds of energy. 热是另一种形式的热能,与其他形式的能量一样重要。
从句表补充说明,而且关系代词which不能换成that。
三、非限定性定语从句的引导词which可以指前面的先行词,也可以指前面整个句子的含义。
例如:The next Six-party Talk on DPRK nuclear issue is to be h eld in Beijing next week, which has been declared in today’s press conference.关于朝核问题的下一轮新“六方会谈”将于下周在北京举行,这已经在今天的闻发布会宣布了。
非限制性定语从句引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词:①指代对象指代人主格who 宾格whom 所有格of whom, whose指代物主格which, as 宾格which, as 所有格which, of which, whose②引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词主要有:when,whereas ,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句,,如都指前一句话的意思,二者可以互换。
.as 引导的从句可以放在句首,as 本身有“正如…..正象…”一类的含义。
与之连用的词有know,see,expect,announce,point out等。
此外,在the same…as…,such….as….中as引导的是限制性定语从句。
1. The earth is round, _____we all know. DA. thatB. whichC. whoD. as2. ______ was natural, he married Jenny. DA. WhichB. ThatC. ThisD. As3. Such signs _____ we use in the experiment ______ Greek letters. AA. as, areB. as, isC. that, areD. that, is4. I passed him a large glass of whisky, _____ he drank immediately. CA. thatB. asC. whichD. who5. She is very good at dance, ____ everybody knows. DA. thatB. whichC. whoD. as6. It was raining, _____ was a pity. DA. whatB. thatC. the whichD. which7. ______ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. DA. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. As8. We do the same work _____ they do. BA. whichB. asC. thanD. like限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别区别一:形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿。
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句概念引入He is a person who never gives up. 他是个永远不服输的人。
I found him in the woods, where has a well-known tree.(我是在树林里找到他的,那里有一棵很有名的树。
)Our guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent cook.我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师,他是个法国人She was not on the train which arrived just now。
她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上语法点拨什么是定语从句?修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。
引导定语从句的关系词有:关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that关系副词:when, where, why我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句:1. This is our school. It is beautiful.→This is our school which is beautiful.2. This is our school. We study in our school.→This is our school which we study in.→This is our school in which we study.→This is our school where we study.3. Do you know the room? It is made of amber.→Do you know the room which is made of amber?4. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news.→I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出:先行词和关系词的关系:关系代词实际上是先行词的复指;关系词whose 实际上是先行词的所有格。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句限制所修饰名词或代词的意义,一般说来如把从句去掉句子意思就不清楚,甚至失去意义。
而非限制性定语从句主句(句子的其他部分)关系不太紧密,对所修饰名词或代词的意思没有太大影响,把它们拿掉,句子依然很完整,它们可以说是附加上去的东西,而且通常都有逗号把它们和句子的其他部分分开。
具体说来,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句有以下几个方面的区别:1. 形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常2. 作用不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整:People who take physical exercise live longer.进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。
(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在波士顿,下星期回来。
(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)3. 翻译不同在翻译定语从句时,一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前,而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开:He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。
我请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。
4. 含义不同比较:I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个当医生的姐姐。
(姐姐不止一个)I have a sister ,who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。
(只有一个姐姐)5. 先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也可以是短语或句子;另外,当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的nt: 2.0">Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去;非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
在以上几个单元我们已经学习了限制性定语从句,现在把两种从句作对比学习。
一、限制性定语从句1. 关系代词that 既可代表事物也可代表人,which 只代表事物,它们在从句中作主语或宾语。
在从句中作宾语时常可省略。
I was the only person in our office that was invited to the palace ba.ll The presenttha(t which )I received last week was from my siste.r This is a book which is about space rocket technolog.y2. 关系代词who 和whom 引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom 作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语。
如:This is the man who helped me.The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.3. whose是关系代词,修饰名词,作定语,相当于who和whom的所有格,既可以修饰人又可以修饰物。
如:Do you know the student whose name is Wang Fe?iWe lived in a room whose window opens to the west.4. where是关系副词,用来引导表示地点的定语从句,where在从句中作状语。
如:At last we arrived at a small village where we ' ll work for a week.5. when是关系副词,引导定语从句表示时间,在从句中作状语。
限制性定语从句和非限制性的区别
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句是英语语法中的两个重要概念。
它们在写作和口语表达中具有不同的用法和含义。
本文将详细讨论
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别,并提供一些例子来说
明这两个概念的用法。
首先,我们需要了解什么是定语从句。
定语从句是一种修饰名词或
代词的从句,用来进一步描述或限定这个名词或代词的内容。
在定
语从句中,关系词引导从句的引导词,它在从句中充当一个特定的
角色。
一、限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是一个必不可少的部分,没有它,主句的意思会不
完整。
它对先行词进行了进一步的限定和描述,必须紧跟在先行词
后面,没有逗号分隔。
限制性定语从句起到了突出所描述的信息的
作用,如果去掉定语从句,整个句子的意思将大幅度改变。
下面是
一些例子:
1. The girl who is wearing a blue dress is my sister.
穿蓝色裙子的女孩是我妹妹。
在这个例子中,定语从句\。
非限制性定语从句引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词:①指代对象指代人主格who 宾格whom 所有格of whom, whose指代物主格which, as 宾格which, as 所有格which, of which, whose②引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词主要有:when,whereas ,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句,,如都指前一句话的意思,二者可以互换。
.as 引导的从句可以放在句首,as 本身有“正如…..正象…”一类的含义。
与之连用的词有know,see,expect,announce,point out等。
此外,在the same…as…,such….as….中as引导的是限制性定语从句。
1. The earth is round, _____we all know. DA. thatB. whichC. whoD. as2. ______ was natural, he married Jenny. DA. WhichB. ThatC. ThisD. As3. Such signs _____ we use in the experiment ______ Greek letters. AA. as, areB. as, isC. that, areD. that, is4. I passed him a large glass of whisky, _____ he drank immediately. CA. thatB. asC. whichD. who5. She is very good at dance, ____ everybody knows. DA. thatB. whichC. whoD. as6. It was raining, _____ was a pity. DA. whatB. thatC. the whichD. which7. ______ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. DA. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. As8. We do the same work _____ they do. BA. whichB. asC. thanD. like限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别区别一:形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿。
限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
一.限制性定语从句
1.定义:
去意义;
;
2.例子:whatisthenameofthetallmanwhojustcamein?
thiswasthetimewhenthetwocountrieswereatwar.
beijingisacity(that)i’vealwayswantedtovisit.
hehasfoundthebook(that)hewaslookingfor.
shemarriedaman(that/whom/who)shemetonabus.
二.非限制性定语从句
1.定义:
号隔开;
that引导,关系词不可省略。
2.例子:beijing,whichisthecapitalofchina,hasaverylonghistory.
yesterdayimetliping,whoseemedtobeverybusy.
三.注意
1.限制性定语从句中,在表示时间、地点的词后,关系副词可以省略.
thatwastheyear(when)ifirstwentabroad.
weneedaplace(where)wecanstayforafewdays.
2.先行词为reason,关系词可用why/forwhich/that.
thereasonwhy/forwhich/thatiboughttherosesisthatmarylikesthem.
3.先行词为way,关系词可用that/inwhich/不用关系词
thisisthewaythat/inwhich/不填ididit.
四.as引导的定语从句
1.as引导限制性定语从句
thesame...as...和...一样的/such...as...像...之类的aswewantedtofindyesterday.(定语从句)
这和我们昨天要找的是同一个人。
(as作宾语)
(主句)ashewasthreeyearsago.(定语从句)
他和三年前不一样了。
(as作表语)他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。
(as作宾语)
wehavefoundsuchmaterials(主句)asareusedintheirfactory.(定从)
我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那样的材料。
(as作主语)
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
thesame...as...与thesame...that...的区别
iboughtthesamenovelasyouwerereading.
我买了一本和你正在读的一样的小说。
(同类不同物)
i’mreadingthesamenovelthatyouhaveread.
我正在读你读过的那本小说。
(同类同物)
2.as引导的非限制性定语从句
修饰整个主句,位于句首、句中、句尾。
asweallknow,chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.(句首)
theearth,asweknow,movesroundthesun.(句中)
tomworkshardandiswillingtohelpothers,asisknowntoeverybody.(句尾)
1.—isthatthesmallpanyyouoftenreferto?
—
right,justtheone_______youknowmyfatherusedtoworkforyears.
a.that
b.which
c.where
d.as
2.—wheredidtheyfinishtheexperiment?
—itwasinthelab_______wastakenchargeofbyprof.smith.
a.where
b./
c.which
d.inwhich
3.examinationpositions,togetherwithmostbusinesslettersandgovern mentreports,arethemainsituations_______formallanguageisused.
a.inwhich
b.inthat
c.ofwhich
d.ofthat
4.whichfilmistheone_______mainactorhaswonthebestactorprizeinth efilmfestival?
a.who
b.whom
c.whose
d.which
5.inthatcountry,november30thisanationalfestival_______everyone, menandwomen,oldandyoung,singsanddanceshappilyinthestreets.
a.where
b.when
c.that
d.as
6.thisisjohnbrown,_______ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.
a.which
b.whom
c.that
d.who
7.weclimbedthehuangshanmountainyesterday,_______,notsurprisingly,wascrowdedwithvisitorsfromallovertheworld.
a.where
b.which
c.that
d.when
8.thefamousfootballplayer,_______abigpartywillbeheldtomorrowmor ning,istoarrivethisafternoon.
a.inhonourofhim
b.inhishonour
c.inwhosehonour
d.inwhichhonour
9._______wasreportedinthenewspaper,seventeenpassengershadb eenkilledinthetrafficaident.
a.it
b.as
c.what
d.that
10.theownerpaidtheworker$10fortidyingthewholebuilding,mostof__ _____hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.
a.that
b.what
c.when
d.which
11.hehasmadegreatcontributionstothescienceofphysics,_______he wasawardedthe2009nobelprize.
a.aboutwhich
b.what
c.forwhich
d.when
12.idon’
twanttousethesametool_______youusedyesterdaytorepairtheaircon ditioner.
a.it
b.that
c.one
d.what
13.theywereinterested_______youtoldthem.
a.inwhich
b.inthat
c.allthat
d.ineverything
14.isthatthereason_______youareinfavoroftheproposal?
a.which
b.what
c.why
d.forthat
15.ihaveboughtthesamedress_______sheiswearing.
a.as
b.that
c.which
d.what
答案1-5acb6-10dbcbd11-15cbdca。