中考英语专题15 S字部(二)-2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解

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2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解 专题十五 S字部(二) 1. shout v.&n.喊,高声呼叫

动词用法:表示“大声说,喊叫,呼喊”,shout at sb.对某人怒吼(带有愤怒感情色彩);shout to sb.对某人大喊大叫(仅描述大声叫喊这一动作,不带感情色彩);试比较: I can hear you clearly. There is no need for you to shout to me.我听得很清楚,你不必大声叫喊。 He ran up to the driver and began to shout at him.他跑到司机那儿,冲他大叫大嚷起来。 名词用法:表示“(生气、疼痛、兴奋等的)喊叫(声),呼叫(声)”,可以和介词of连用。例如: Tom gave a shout of laughter when he saw them. 汤姆看见他们,发出一声大笑。

(2019,山东卷,短文填空) "Fairy," he shouted, "take away this 47 (terrible) gift! Give me back my little gal!" 2. show n.表演;展示;展览(会);显示;v.给……看;出示;显示

词形变化:过去式showed,过去分词shown/showed 名词词组:on show在展出;talk show脱口秀;talent show才艺表演会;TV show电视节目 动词词组:show up露面;show off炫耀;show oneself露面;show sb. around (sth.)带某人参观/四处看看 名词用法: ○1表示“娱乐表演,演出”,或“(电视、广播的)节目”。例如:put on a show上演节目 ○2表示“展览(会)”:an agricultural show 农业展览会 动词用法: ○1表示“给……看,出示”,及物动词,show sth. to sb.=show sb. sth.。例如: The children proudly showed me their gifts (=showed their gifts to me). 孩子们自豪地给我看他们的礼物。 ○2表示“指出,指给某人看”,可用于show sb. sth.或show sb. wh-从句。例如: Show me which picture you drew. 指给我看哪张画是你画的。 ○3表示“(提供事实,信息)表明,证明”,及物动词,可直接跟宾语,可跟双宾语,可接从句。例如: Numbers showed a 9% increase in the price. 数据显示价格上升了9%。 Research has shown us that people want not just low prices. 研究告诉我们,人们需要的不仅仅是低价格。 ○4表示“(通过示范)教,演示;解说”,可用show sth. to sb.=show sb. sth.或show sb. wh-从句结构。例如: Can you show me how to do it? 你能教我怎么做吗?

(2019,山东卷,单项填空) 20. A recent survey shows that 44 percent of Americans want to use self-driving cars, _________ 34 percent believe that they will make the roads more dangerous. A. although B. because C. if (2019,山东卷,阅读A)Listening to music or watching a TV show at loud volumes can harm your hearing. 3. shut v.关上;封闭 词形变化:过去式shut,过去分词shut 关联词组:shut down停工,关闭;shut up住口;shut off切断,关掉;shut out关在外面 用法: ○1表示“(使)关上,(使)关闭”,可及物可不及物,常见于shut (sth.) behind sb.结构。例如: She walked quickly in and shut the door behind her. 她快步走进来,随手关上身后的门。 ○2表示“(使)关门,停止营业”,可指暂时性或永久地关门。例如: The post office shuts at 5 o’clock. 邮局五点钟关门。 He lost his job when they shut the factory. 他们把工厂关闭后,他失去了工作。 近义词:close v.关闭

(2019,浙江卷,阅读C)Most likely these plants shut their flowers because there is too little light. 4. sick adj.有病的,患病的;(想)呕吐的

关联词组:get sick生病了;sick leave病假;sick pay病假工资;be sick of对……感到厌恶 用法: ○1表示“生病的,患病的”,可做表语,可做定语;sick with得了……病。例如: a sick child 生病的孩子;a sick animal 患病的动物 I have been sick with flu. 我感冒了。 He saved the child from fire. 他把那个小孩从火里救了出来。 ○2be sick或feel sick表示“想呕吐”,“反胃,恶心,作呕”。例如: As soon as the ship started moving I began to feel sick. 轮船一开动,我就感到恶心了。 词性转换:sickness n.疾病;呕吐 同义词:ill adj.生病的

(2019,浙江卷,阅读D)Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick. 5. sight n.情景;风景;视力

关联词组:at first sight咋一看,初看之下;out of sight看不见,在视野之外;lose one’s sight失明;at the sight of一看见……就;catch sight of看到,瞥见 用法: ○1表示“视力,视觉”,例如: Anne’s sight is very good for someone of her age. 安妮的视力对于她这个年龄的人来说算是非常好的。 ○2表示“看到,看见”,指看见的动作,多以单数形式出现,常与of连用。例如: Just the sight of him made her body shake. 一看到他,她就身体颤抖。 ○3表示“景物,景象;名胜,景点”,指所见之物。例如: As he reached the front door, he saw a strange sight. 他走到前门,看到了一个奇怪的景象。 词性转换:sighted adj.有视力的;sightless adj.盲的,看不见的 关联单词:sightseeing n.观光,游览:go sightseeing去观光

(2019,浙江卷,完形) Instead of resting her ___3___ until it got better, Mrs. Chaplin kept on singing. 3. A. sight B. voice C. smell D. hearing 6. silent adj.无声的;沉默的

用法: ○1指不说话,可以表示“沉默的,不语的”;remain/stay/keep silent保持沉默;也可以形容“沉默寡言的”性格类型。例如: He's the silent type. 他是那种沉默寡言的人。 ○2表示“寂静的,无声的”。例如: The large house was old and silent.这幢大房子既老旧又寂静。 词性转换:silence n.安静;沉默;silently adv.安静地 同义词:quiet adj.安静地

(2019,浙江卷,完形)I listened silently. "She's such a loser," one girl said. 7. similar adj.相似的,近似的,类似的;像

用法:be similar to=be like与……相似;be similar in在……方面相似。例如: Her ideas are quite similar to mine. 她的观点和我的很相似。 The two cars are very similar in size and color. 这两辆汽车大小和颜色都非常相似。 近义词:alike adj.很相似的,相像的:尤指外表或者行为上面特别像;look alike看起来像。例如: She and her sister look alike. 她和她妹妹长得很像。 反义词:different adj.不同的

(2019,浙江卷,阅读B)Trampolining has benefits similar to those of running, but without too much stress on knees and ankles. 8. simple adj.简单的,简易的

用法: ○1表示“简单的,简易的;容易的”,与困难、复杂相对;simple to use/make/operate使用/制作/操作起来简单。例如: Modern cameras are very simple to use. 现代照相机用起来非常简单。 ○2表示“简朴的,朴素的”。例如:simple but delicious food 简单美味的食物 词性转换:simply adj.简单地;简直;朴素地;simplicity n.简单;朴素;天真 近义词:easy adj.简单的,容易的;plain adj.家常的,普通的 反义词:difficult adj.困难的

(2019,江苏卷,完形)The Hill sisters, who devoted their lives to educating children, could never imagine that the simple little song would continue to earn about $ 2 million every year. 9. single adj.单一的,单个的;单身的