定语从句中as 与which用法异同

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1 定语从句中as 与which用法异同

摘要:定语从句作为高考必考的语法项目之一,受到同学和教师的关注。为了使同学们在高三学习及以后的复习阶段有章可循,不盲目,不失分,本文就定语从句中as和which 的用法作一简单比较。

关键词: as 与which 异同

定语从句在高中语法的学习中是一个难点,也是高考必考的语法项目之一,为了使同学们在高三学习及以后的复习阶段有的放矢,现将定语从句中as和which的用法做一比较,供大家参考。

一、在限定性定语从句中

as 和which 作为关系代词用法有差异:

⑴、as 常与such, the same, as, so等词连用构成定语从句。as 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语,这时作宾语的as 不可以省略。as 在从句中指前面提到的人或物。

Such people as (people such as) you describe are rare nowadays.

(你所描述的人现在已很少见了。)

I have the same trouble as you ( have ).

(我和你有同样的困难。)

张道真 1995 实用英语语法[M]北京 外语教学与研究出版社 (7):573-574

He is as great a man as ever lived.

注意:①the same ---as 引导的定语从句和the same ---that 引导的定语从句不相同。

the same---as 表示的是“和---一样的”所指的是同一类事物。

the same---that表示的是“如---一样的”所指的是同一个事物。

下面试比较:

I bought the same dictionary as you bought.

(我买了一本和你的一样的词典。)

I met the same person that I saw yesterday.

(我遇见了昨天你看见得那个人。)

马德高,朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解[M]北京 中国社会出版社 (7):252 2 ②such--- as---中,as 引导定语从句,as 在从句中作主语、宾语等; such--- that ---中的that 引导的是结果状语从句。

下面试比较:

They had such a fierce dog as I had never seen. (as 在句中作seen 的宾语。)

(他们家有一条我从未见过的凶狗。)

They had such a fierce dog that no one dare to go near their house. ( that 引导结果状语从句,在句中不作成分)

(他们有一条很凶的狗,没人敢靠近他们家。)

马德高,朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解[M]北京 中国社会出版社 (7):252

⑵、which一般指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语。作宾语时可以省略。

The river which runs through the centre of the city was polluted seriously. (作主语)

(穿过是中心的那条河遭到了严重的污染。)

马德高,朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解[M]北京 中国社会出版社 (7):243

I have been to the city twice (which) you visited. (作宾语)

(你参观的那座城市,我去过两次。)

马德高,朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解[M]北京 中国社会出版社 (7): 245)

二、在非限定性定语从句中

as 和which 作为关系代词,均可以引导非限定性定语从句,并都可以代表主句的一部分或者是整个主句.在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,一般可互换。

1.二者可以通用的情况:

She married him, as/which was quite natural.(作主语)

(她嫁给他,那是相当自然的事。)

She is a good comrade, as/ which we all know.(作宾语)

(他是个好同志, 这点我们都知道)

It seems a beautiful picture, as / which in fact it is.(作表语)

( 它是一幅好看的画,事实上真是。)

2.二者不可以通用的情况: 3 ⑴ 只能用as的情况

① 当引导的定语从句在句首时,只能用as

As we all know, smoking is bad for our health.

(众所周知,吸烟有害健康。)

常用的结构总结如下:

as is known to all, as is well- known, as can be seen,as has been said before,

as was expected, as has pointed out, as was reported等等。

还有:as you know, as you see, as often happens, as is often the case.

②当关系代词强调的是从句的意思时,要用as.

He is very poor, as we can judge from the clothes he wears.

(他很穷,这从他穿的衣服就可以看出来)

③当非限定性定语从句的谓语是被动语态时,要用as.

He must be from Africa, as can be seen from his skin.

(他一定来自非洲,从他的皮肤可以看出来。)

⑵只能用which的情况

①如果非限定性定语从句是否定意义时

You pretended not to know me, which I didn’t understand.

( 你假装不认识我,我真不明白)

马德高,朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解[M]北京 中国社会出版社 (7):252

②如果非限定性定语从句的结构是“主语+谓语+宾语”,而且关系代词作从句的主语时

All the students passed the entrance examination, which delighted our teacher.

( 所有学生都通过了入学考试,老师很高兴。)

③如果非限定性定语从句的结构是:“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”,而且关系代词作从句的主语或者宾语时

He dislikes everyone in the class, which I find quite strange.

(他不喜欢班里的每一个人,我认为这太奇怪了.)

马德高,朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解[M]北京 中国社会出版社 (7):252

④ 作介词宾语时,只能用which 4 For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, of which

New York is an example. (2008,四川卷)

( 世界很多大城市都已经没有进一步扩展的空间了,纽约就是一个例子。)

Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English

novels.

( 上周我从书店买回一些书,其中有三本英文小说。)

马德高,朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解[M]北京 中国社会出版社 (7):244