Three-tier

The Hall of Central Harmony
? located .
? These three halls, known as the Three Great Halls of the Outer Court, are on the central axis of the Forbidden City.
? The Outer Court was where the emperor exercised his supreme power over the nation.
? Splendid and maginficent
Some famous halls
? The Hall of Supreme Harmony ? The Hall of Central Harmony ? The Hall of Preserving Harmony
? This was the highest level of the nation-wide imperial
examination system and the emperor would honour the top
ten successful candidates by reading the papers they had
? the Hall of Preserved Harmony, stands at the northern end of the three-tier marble terrace. Similar in style but somewhat smaller than the Hall of Supreme Harmony ，it is larger than the Hall of Central Harmony. It was built in 1420, rebuilt in 1625 and renovated in 1765 .

单词汇总(数据库专业一点的词汇其实主要就是每章后面review items的内容,在这里简单列一下,如果你实在没时间看书,至少这些单词要熟悉.)：1. 数据库系统：database system(DS),database management system(DBMS)2.数据库系统(DS),数据库治理系统(DBMS )3. 关系和关系数据库table= relation , column = attribute 属性,domain, atomic domain, row= tuple ,relational database, relation schema, relation instance, database schema, database instance;4.表=关系,列=属性属性,域,原子域,排二元组,关系型数据库,关系模式,关系实例,数据库模式,数据库实例；1. key 们：super key, candidate key, primary key, foreign key, referencing relation, referenced relation;2.超码,候选码,主码,外码,参照关系,被参照关系5.关系代数(relational algebra): selection, project, natural join, Cartesian product, set operations, union, intersect, set difference( except\minus), Rename, assignment, outer join, grouping, tuple relation calculus6.(关系代数)：选择,工程,自然连接,笛卡尔积,集合运算,集,交集,集合差(除负),重命名,分配,外连接,分组,元组关系演算7.sql组成：DDL ：数据库模式定义语言,关键字：createDML ：数据操纵语言,关键字：Insert > delete、updateDCL ：数据库限制语言,关键字：grant、removeDQL ：数据库查询语言,关键字：select8.3.SQL 语言：DDL , DML , DCL , QL , sql query structure, aggregate functions, nested subqueries, exists(as an operator), unique(as anoperator), scalar subquery, assertion, index(indices), catalogs, authorization, all privileges, granting, revoking , grant option, trigger, stored procedure, stored function4.SQL语言：DDL , DML , DCL , QL , SQL查询结构,聚合函数,嵌套子查询,存在(如运营商),独特的(如运营商),标量子查询,断言指数(指数),目录,授权,所有权限,授予,撤销,GRANT OPTION ,触发器,存储过程,存储函数9. 表结构相关：Integrity constraints, domain constraints, referential integrity constraints10.完整性约束,域名约束,参照完整性约束5.数据库设计(ER 模型)：Entity-Relationship data model, ER diagram, composite attribute, single-valued and multivalued attribute,derived attribute, binary relationship set, degree of relationship set, mapping cardinality, 1-1, 1-m, m-n relationship set (one to one, one to many, many to many), participation, partial or total participation, weak entity sets, discriminator attributes, specialization and generalization6.实体关系数据模型,ER图,复合属性,单值和多值属性,派生属性,二元关系集,关系集,映射基数的程度,1-1, 1-米,MN关系集合(一对一,一对多,多对多),参与局部或全部参与,弱实体集,分辨符属性,特化和概化11. 函数依赖理论：functional dependence, normalization, lossless join (or lossless) decomposition,First Normal Form (1NF), the third normal form (3NF), Boyce-codd normal form (BCNF), R satisfies F, F holds on R, Dependency preservation 保持依赖,Trivial, closure of a set of functional dependencies 函数依赖集的闭包,closure of a set of attributes 属性集闭包,Armstrong 's axioms Armstrong 公理,reflexivity rule 自反律,augmentation rule,增广率, transitivity 传递律,restriction of F to R i F 在Ri 上的限定,canonical cover 正那么覆盖, extraneous attributes 无关属性,decomposition algorithm 分解算法.7.函数依赖,标准化,无损连接〔或无损〕分解,第一范式〔1NF〕,第三范式〔3NF〕 BC范式〔BCNF〕, R满足F, F持有R,依赖保存,平凡,一组函数依赖封闭,一组属性,8. 事务：transition, ACID properties ACID特性,并发限制系统concurrency control system,故障恢复系统recovery system,事务状态transition state,活动的active,局部提交的partiallycommitted,失败的failed,中止的aborted,提交的committed,已结束的terminated,调度schedule,操作冲突conflict of operations, 冲突等价conflict equivalence,冲突可串彳f化conflictserializablity ,可串行化顺序serializablity order,联级回滚cascading rollback,封锁协议lockingprotocol ,共享〔S〕锁shared-mode lock 〔S-lock〕,排他〔X〕锁exclusive -mode lock 〔X-lock〕, 相容卜i compatibility,两阶段封锁协议2-phase locking protocol,意向锁intention lock,时间戳timestamp, 恢复机制recovery scheme,日志log, 基于日志的恢复log-based recovery, 延迟的修改deferredmodification,立即的修改immediate modification,检查点checkpoint.数据库系统DBS Database System数据库系统应用Database system applications文件处理系统file-processing system数据不一致性data inconsistency——致性约束consistency constraint数据抽象Data Abstraction实例instance模式schema物理模式physical schema逻辑模式logical schema物理数据独立性physical data independence数据方^型data model实体-联系模型entity-relationship model 〔E-R〕关系数据模型relational data model基于对象的数据模型object-based data model半结构化数据模型semistructured data model数据库语言database language数据定义语言data-definition language数据操纵语言data-manipulation language查询语言query language元数据metadata应用程序application program标准化normalization数据字典data dictionary存储治理器storage manager查询治理器query processor事务transaction原子性atomicity故障恢复failure recovery并发限制concurrency-control两层和三层数据库体系结构two-tier/three-tier数据才2掘data mining数据库治理员DBA database administrator表table关系relation元组tuple空值null value数据库模式database schema数据库实例database instance关系模式relation schema关系实例relation instance码keys超码super key候选码candidate key主码primary key外码foreign key参照关系referencing relation被参照关系referenced relation属性attribute域domain原子域atomic domain参照完整性约束referential integrity constraint模式图schema diagram查询语言query language过程化语言procedural language非过程化语言nonprocedural language关系运算operations on relations选择元组selection of tuples选择属性selection of attributes自然连接natural join笛卡尔积Cartesian product集合运算set operations关系代数relational algebraSQL 查询语言SQL query structureSelect 字句select clauseFrom 字句from clauseWhere 字句where clause自然连接运算natural join operationAs 字句as clauseOrder by 字句order by clause相关名称 (相关变量,元组变量) correlation name (correlation variable , tuple variable ) 集合运算set operationsUnionInterestExcept空值null values真值"unknown " truth “ unknown 〞聚集函数aggregate functionsavg, min, max, sum, countgroup byhaving嵌套子查询nested subqueries集合比拟set comparisons{ «,? 二 ,〉〉,?=}{some , all}existsuniquelateral 字句lateral clausewith 字句with clause标量子查询scalar subquery数据库彳修改database modification删除deletion插入insertion更新updating参照完整性referential integrity参照完整T约束referential Hntegrity constraint 或子集依赖subset dependency 可延迟的deferrable断言assertion连接类型join types内连接和夕卜连接inner and outer join左外连接、右外连接和全外连接left、right and full outer joinNatural连接条件、using连接条件和on连接条件natural using and so on 视图定义view definition物化视图materialized views视图更新view update事务transactions提交commit work回滚roll back work原子事务atomic transaction完整性约束integrity constraints域约束domain constraints唯——性约束unique constraintCheck 字句check clause参照完整性referential integrity级联删除cascading delete级联更新cascading updates断言assertions日期和时间类型date and time types默认值default values索弓I index大对象large object用户定义类型user-defined types域domains目录catalogs模式schemas授权authorization权卜M privileges选择select插入insert更新update所有权限all privileges授予权卜M granting of privileges收回权卜M revoking of privileges授予权限的权限privileges to privilegesGrant option角色roles视图授权authorization on views执行授权execute authorization调用者权限invoker privileges行级授权row-level authorizationJDBCODBC预备语句prepared statements 访问元数据accessing metadata SQL 注入SQL injection 嵌入式SQL embedded SQL 游标cursors 可更新的游标updatable cursors 动态SQL dynamic SQL SQL 函数SQL functions 存储过程stored procedures 过程化结构procedural constructs夕卜部语言例程external language routines触发器triggerBefore 和after 触发器before and after triggers过渡变量和过渡表transition variables and tables递归查询recursive queries单调查询monotonic queries排名函数ranking functionsRankDense rankPartition by分窗windowing联机分析处理〔OLAP 〕 online analytical processing多维数据multidimensional data度量属性measure attributes维属性dimension attributes转轴pivoting数据立方体data cube切片和切块slicing and dicing上卷和下钻rollup and drill down交叉表cross-tabulation第七章实体-联系数据模型Entity-relationship data model实体和实体集entity and entity set属性attribute域domain简单和复合属T生simple and composite attributes单值和多值属T生single-valued and multivalued attributes空值null value派生属性derived attribute超码、候选码以及主码super key ,candidate key, and primary key联系和联系集relationship and relationship set二元联系集binary relationship set联系集的度degree of relationship set描述性属性descriptive attributes超码、候选码以及主码super key ,candidate key, and primary key角色role自环联系集recursive relationship setE-R 图E-R diagram映射基数mapping cardinality——对——联系one-to-one relationship——对多联系one-to-many relationship多对——联系many-to-one relationship多对多联系many-to-many relationship参与participation全部参与total participation局部参与partial participation弱实体集和强实体集weak entity sets and strong entity sets分辨符属性discriminator attributes标识联系identifying relationship特化和概化specialization and generalization超类和子类superclass and subclass属性继承attribute inheritance单和多继承single and multiple inheritance条件定义的和用户定义的成员资格condition-defined and userdefined membership 不相交概化和重叠概化disjoint and overlapping generalization全部概化和局部概化total and partial generalization聚集aggregationUMLUML 类图UML class diagram第八章E-R 模型和标准化E-R model and normalization分解decomposition函数依赖functional dependencies无损分解lossless decomposition原子域atomic domains第一范式(1NF) first normal form(1NF)合法关系legal relations超码super keyR 满足 F R satisfies FF在R上成立 F holds on RBoyce-Codd 范式BCNF Boyce-Codd normal form(BCNF)保持依赖dependency preservation第三范式(3NF) third normal form(3NF)平凡的函数依赖thivial functional dependencies函数依赖集的闭包closure of a set of functional dependenciesArmstrong 公理Armstrong s axioms属性集闭包closure of attribute setsF 在Ri 上的限定restriction of F to Ri正贝 1 覆盖canonical cover无关属T生extraneous attributesBCNF 分解算法BCNF decomposition algorithm3NF 分解算法3NF decomposition algorithm多值依赖multivalued dependencies第四范式(4NF) fourth normal form(4NF)多值依赖的限定restriction of a multivalued independency投影-连接范式(PJNF) project-join normal form(PJNF)域-码范式(DKNF ) domain-key normal form(DKNF)泛关系universal relation唯一角色假设unique-role assumption 去标准化denormalization。

山西大同英语导游词整理大同位于山西省最北端，地形由西北向东南倾斜，属温带大陆性季风气候，四季鲜亮，为国家新能源示范城市和中国优秀旅游城市，闻名景点有云冈石窟、悬空寺等。

接下来是我为大家整理的关于山西大同英语（导游词），便利大家阅读与鉴赏!山西大同英语导游词1Today, we come to Datong, Shanxi Province. Its said that Datongs noodles are very famous. They are as fast as flying knives. Ah! I cant wait to have a try. When I come to the restaurant, I have performances and experiences. I saw in front of the table, a master skillfully grabbed a handful of dry flour from the nearby basin and spread it evenly on the wooden table. Then, he picked up a board with flour on it, and used a small stainless steel razor to cut it quickly. The strips of noodles he cut off are called sliced noodles. The sliced noodles are really like the eight monsters in Shanxi. They are really as fast as flying knives. Its not only fast, but also the descending speed has a sense of rhythm. They all go up first, then go in, slowly descend, and finally fly to the edge of the platform. I looked at it myself and was stunned. Those noodles are not only the same speed, but also the same thickness.Pa sound, I feel something fell on my head, a touch, ah! Its noodles. Children, please dont put your head in it. Im still wondering. I suddenly think of the head of the noodles, a look. So my head is on the table! After a while, when the dough is only half, the master stops. I was in a daze. I didnt know what he wanted to do. Then, the others began to line up. I suddenly understand, from the middle of the team into, and then squeezed out, and back to the end of the team. I stick my tongue out and wait. When I arrived, I coolly rolled up my short sleeve sleeve, took a deepbreath, and then picked up the razor and the board, ready to show you. But its much harder than I thought.I didnt know how to shave with a razor. Then I scratched my head and remembered that the noodles were cut like fruit, but I forgot whether to cut up or down. So I thought: sliced noodles fall from top to bottom, that should be upward slicing! So I began to upward slicing. The first time the noodles fell in front of me, I was very proud; the second time the noodles fell; the third time I was unlucky, the noodles didnt know where to fly. At this time, my cousin began to laugh. I was a little confused and had an ominous premonition. I usually feel my head when I think about a problem. I feel it Ah! I cried. It fell on my head again. I just didnt wipe it. The noodles piled up on my head. I wipe the face off with a tissue and try to cut it down. I made it this time. Im very happy. Ah! How fun it is to make noodles!山西大同英语导游词2At present, the place where we are is Xuankong Temple. The characteristics of the whole Xuankong Temple can be summarized in three words, that is, strange, dangerous and clever.In Xuankong Temple, we will find that there are many statues in Xuankong Temple, but three of them are the most precious. The reason why they are noble is that their molding art is very unique, and they are made by the process of yarn stripping. It is 50cm high and weighs only3kg. It is the lightest and most valuable statue in the temple.Then the second and third part of Xuankong Temple is the real suspension. The wooden pillars outside give people the feeling that they support the whole temple by more than a dozen wooden pillars. In fact,most of those wooden pillars are not load-bearing. We can see that the plank road connects each part. There are some beams under the plank road. These beams are inserted into the rock. During the construction, the rock is chiseled out of the small belly large stone cave, and the tapered wooden wedge is placed inside, Make the crossbeam into a scissor shape and smash it with a strong force. The greater the force on the outside, the tighter the bite on the inside. They press the force on the rock.As we all know, Hengshan has always been a place for military strategists, so the rulers of each dynasty have their own religion to worship, and the three religions hall is a collection of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, which will be protected in any dynasty. This is also a political reason why Xuankong Temple will not be destroyed for thousands of years.Now let me show you around the hanging temple.山西大同英语导游词3hello everyone!Datong, a city under the jurisdiction of Shanxi Province, is one of the first batch of 24 national historical and cultural cities in China, one of the first batch of 13 larger cities in China, one of the nine ancient capitals in China, national new energy demonstration city, Chinas excellent tourism city, National Garden City, National double support model city, national transportation hub city, Chinas sculpture City, and Chinas top ten sports and leisure city.Datong is the vice central city of Shanxi Province and the second largest city in Shanxi Province. It is located in the center of Datong Basinin the north of Shanxi Province, the junction of Shanxi, Hebei and Inner Mongolia, and the northeast edge of the Loess Plateau. In fact, it is the barrier of the whole Shanxi Province, the gateway of the north, and the throat of Shanxi, Hebei and Inner Mongolia. It is a place that must be contested by military strategists in the past dynasties.Datong, formerly known as Yunzhong and Pingcheng in ancient times, was the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the capital of Liao and Jin Dynasties. There are many historic sites in Datong, including Y ungang Grottoes, Huayan Temple, Shanhua temple, Hengshan Xuankong Temple, Jiulongbi, etc.Datong is one of the largest coal energy bases in China, the national heavy chemical energy base, the midpoint of Shenfu, Zhungeer emerging energy zone and Beijing Tianjin Tangshan developed industrial zone. It is known as Phoenix City and coal capital of China.Datong, a city with unique natural and geographical conditions, has achieved remarkable results in urban greening and garden coverage after years of investment and construction. On January 14, 2023, Datong City was officially named national garden city by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development.山西大同英语导游词4Xuankong Temple is located at the foot of Hengshan Mountain, on the Xiyan cliff in Jinlong gorge, five kilometers south of Hunyuan County, Datong City. Since ancient times, it has been listed as the first wonder of Hengshan Mountain.Looking up, you can see that the distribution of the halls and towersis symmetrical with changes, scattered with connections, zigzag and looping, virtual and real with each other, small and exquisite, rich in space, changeable in levels, small in size, big in size, small in size, small in size, compact in layout, scattered and dependent. Its layout is not only different from that of the central axis of the Pingchuan temple, which is symmetrical to the left and right, but also different from that of the mountain palace which is gradually rising along the mountain, They are all constructed according to the concave and convex of the cliff, the shape of the cliff and the situation of the cliff. They are naturally arranged in the air. They seem to be stacked and scattered, and the changes are subtle, so that the combination of shapes and spatial contrast achieve an orderly artistic effect. Looking at the temple from afar, it looks like a pair of exquisite relief sculptures, inlaid in the cliffs of ten thousand Ren. Looking at the temple from a close perspective, it has the potential of flying in the air.Xuankong Temple is not only breathtaking, strange and spectacular in appearance, but also has distinctive architectural structure with rich and colorful forms. The eaves have single eaves, double eaves andthree-tier eaves, the mast structure has beam lifting structure, flat roof structure and bucket arch structure, and the roof has main ridge, vertical ridge, berm ridge and poor ridge. The overall appearance, skillfully constructed and overlapped, creates a unique style of building in the cave, cave in the building, half wall hall, half wall cave, cave connected hall and hall connected building. It not only integrates the art of Chinese garden architecture, but also does not lose the pattern of Chinese traditional architecture.Among the existing bronze, iron, clay and stone sculptures in Xuankong Temple, many styles and styles have the characteristics of early times, which are treasures of high artistic value.Now you have 30 minutes of free browsing time. Please pay attention to your safety and come back here on time.山西大同英语导游词5My friends, the scenic spot we are going to visit today is Jiulongbi in Datong. The tour time is about 2 hours. Please dont take photos or touch the wall during the tour. Now, please check the tour bus license plate and Xiao Zhangs mobile phone number again. If you have anything, please contact me in time.Jiulongbi was built in the last years of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty. It is the Zhaobi in front of the house of Zhu GUI, the 13th son of Emperor Zhu Y uanzhang of Ming Dynasty. Together with the Jiulongbi in Beijing Palace Museum and Beihai Jiulongbi, it is called three major Jiulongbi in China. Unfortunately, the palace was destroyed in the end of Chongzhen. Jiulongbi was preserved because it was separated from Heyang street. On June 25, 2023, as an ancient building of Ming Dynasty, Datong Jiulongbi was approved by the State Council to be listed in the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.Jiulongbi is 45.5 meters long from east to west, 8 meters high and 2.02 meters thick. It is the largest and oldest existing dragon wall in China. It can be called the first dragon wall in China. The top of the wall is covered with glazed tiles, and the top is supported by glazed brackets. The wall is made of 426 pieces of specially made multicolored glass. Nine flying dragons are majestic and soaring on the wall. On both sides is the pattern of sun and moon. The gap of the dragon is filled with the patterns of rocks, flowers and plants. At the bottom of the wall is xumizuo, 2.09 meters high, with 41 groups of Erlong Xizhu patternscarved on it. The waist is made up of 75 pieces of glass bricks, with various animal images such as cattle, horses, sheep, dogs, deer and rabbits. The most beautiful time of the nine dragon wall is when the sun rises. At that time, the nine dragon wall is bathed in the dazzling brilliance, and the giant dragon seems to travel through the flowing clouds, just like the real dragon reappearance, which is fascinating.Different from Beihai in Beijing and Jiulongbi in the Forbidden City, the Dragon claws of Jiulongbi in Datong are four clawed dragons, which distinguishes the status of the Daiwang and the emperor, but it also shows the status of Daiwang in the current Dynasty.After appreciating the majestic momentum of Jiulongbi, you must be very curious about the origin of Jiulongbi. Ha ha, dont worry about it. Next, let me say it for you. Its like this: Zhu GUI, the 13th son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, didnt read poetry since he was a child. He was stubborn and eccentric. He didnt dare to give stars to the moon, and he couldnt get a pigs tail or a cows head. Zhu Yuanzhang made him king of Yu when he was enfeoffed as a vassal king, and later he was changed to a king of Dai Dynasty to guard Datong. When Daiwang arrived in Datong, he often killed people for no reason in the streets. People in Datong called him Lengzheng Daiwang behind his back. Xu Shi, the imperial concubine of Dai Wang, was an ugly and jealous shrew. She once painted the two beautiful girls of Dai Wang black on the bottom of the pot to vent their jealousy. In this way, the couple stirred up Datong City and the people were in dire straits.After Zhu Yuanzhang established the king of Yan to succeed to the throne, the king of Dai made a big fuss in the golden palace, shouting that he would become emperor too. Zhu Y uanzhang had no choice but to build large-scale buildings and palaces in the city of Datong, so that theDaiwang could live an emperors life. Up to now, there are street names such as Huangcheng Street, Zhengdian Street and Donghuamen in the ancient city of Datong, which are the ruins of the old imperial palace.One day, this Leng Wang Ye suddenly wants to go to Yan Di to see his fourth brother Zhu Di. The king of Yan was annoyed and afraid of him, but he had no choice but to entertain him with a small feast for three days and a big feast for five days. One day, Dai Wang strolled outside the palace full of wine and food. When he saw that a new glazed nine dragon wall had been built in front of the palace, he clamored to build one in front of the palace of Datong, and brought the design back to Datong. When the princess found out, she asked for helpIt must be two feet longer, two feet higher and two inches thicker than the Dragon Wall in the palace of King Yan. The king of Dai had no choice but to agree. Therefore, the Dragon Wall in Datong is the largest in scale, and the one in the Forbidden City cant match it.Half a year later, nine dragon wall was built. Zhu GUI, the king of Dai Dynasty, Xu Da, the old general, and his daughter, Xu Shi, went up to the city tower to watch. In the sun, the glazed tiles on the top of the wall were dazzling, and the nine colored glass dragons on the wall were lifelike. Daiwang cheered with joy. After a while, the clouds were thick and it began to rain. When the palace lanterns were all on, through the rain curtain, the colorful wall was bathed in Jiulong water. It was complicated and confusing, and had a special taste. So there was the saying of playing Dragon in the rain.The king called out again, and suddenly there were three thunders in the air. Zhu GUI was startled. In a trance, he saw two dragons flying from the sky, black and yellow, spitting water like a spring in front of the wall.It turned out that the dragon on the Dragon Wall confused the real with the fake, which attracted the giant dragon in the sky to send rain. After the rain, the rainbow is in the sky, the sunset is red, and the Jiulongbi which has been bathed is more dazzling. Dai Wang orders people to go to find out if there are any scars on the dragon wall. The people who came back reported that jinpocang behind longbi was blasted out of two wells, one sweet and one bitter, within three steps. Now jinpocang has two wells, which is also a scene of Jiulongbi. There was also a pit in front of the dragon wall, which was filled with green water. Dai Wang asked people to build a pool in front of the wall. Water from two wells is introduced into the pool, sweet water is used for food, and bitter water is used for treatment. The nine dragons are reflected in the water. The wind blows and the water moves. Its like a dragon playing in the water. It becomes another scene of the nine dragon wall.Well, thats all for the explanation. Next, lets enjoy it by ourselves. Gather here in 2 hours. Have a nice trip!山西大同英语导游词文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。

Database术语表Access method :访问方法Alias:别名Alternate keys:备用键,ER/关系模型Anomalies:异常Application design:应用程序设计Application server:应用服务器Attribute:属性,关系模型Attribute:属性,ER模型Attribute inheritance:属性继承Base table:基本表Binary relationship:二元关系Bottom-up approach:自底向上方法Business rules:业务规则Candidate key:候选键,ER/关系模型Cardinality:基数Centralized approach:集中化方法,用于数据库设计Chasm trap:深坑陷阱Client:客户端Clustering field:群集字段Clustering index:群集索引Column:列,参见属性(attribute)Complex relationship:复杂关系Composite attribute:复合属性Composite key:复合键Concurrency control:并发控制Constraint:约束Data conversion and loading:数据转换和加载Data dictionary:数据字典Data independence:数据独立性Data model:数据模型Data redundancy:数据冗余Data security:数据安全Database:数据库Database design:数据库设计Database integrity:数据库完整性Database Management System:数据管理系统Database planning:数据库规划Database server数据库服务器DBMS engine:DBMS引擎DBMS selection:DBMS选择Degree of a relationship:关系的度Denormalization:反规范化Derived attribute:派生属性Design methodology:设计方法学Disjoint constraint:无连接约束Domain:域Entity:实体Entity integrity:实体完整性Entity occurrence:实体出现Entity-Relationship model:实体-关系模型Fact-finding:事实发现Fan trap:扇形陷阱Field:字段File:文件File-based system:基于文件的系统File organization:文件组织First Normal Form:1NF,第一范式Foreign key:外键4GL,Fourth-Generation Language:第四代语言Full functional dependency:完全函数依赖Functional dependency:函数依赖Generalization:泛化Generalization hierarchy:泛化层次结构Global data model:全局数据模型Implementation:实现Index:索引Information system:信息系统Inheritance:继承Integrity constraints:完整性约束IS-A hierarchy:层次结构local logical data model:局部逻辑数据模型Logical database design:逻辑数据库设计Meta-data:元数据Mission objective:使命目标Mission statement:使命语句Multiplicity:多样性Multi-valued attribute:多值属性Nonkey attribute/column:非键属性/列Normal forms:范式Normalization:规范化Null:空值Operational maintenance:操作维护Participation constraint:参与约束,EER模型Participation constraint:参与约束,ER模型Physical database design:物理数据库设计Primary index:主索引Primary key:主键,ER模型Primary key:主键,关系模型Privileges:权限Prototyping:原型Query-by-Example: QBE,一种用于关系型DBMS的非过程化的数据库语言RDBMS:关系型DBMSRecord:记录Recovery control:恢复控制recursive relationship:递归关系Redundant data:冗余数据Referential integrity:参照完整性Relation:关系Relational model:关系模型Relational database关系数据库Relation:关系Relationship occurrence:关系出现Requirements collection and analysis:需求收集与分析Row:行,同元组(topple)Second normal form:2NF,第二范式Secondary index:二级索引Security:安全Server:服务器Simple-valued attribute:单值属性Specialization:特化Specialization hierarchy:同类层次结构SQL Structured Query Language:结构化查询语言Strong entity:强实体Subclass:子类Superclass:超类Superkey:超键,ER模型Superkey:超键,关系模型system catalog:系统目录System definition:系统定义System security:系统安全Table:表Ternary relationship:三元关系Testing:测试Third normal form:3NF,第三范式3GL,Third-Generation Language:第三代语言,一种过程化语言,如COBOL,C,C++ Three-tier client-server architecture:三层客户端-服务器体系结构Top-down approach:自顶向下方法Transaction:事务Transaction Processing Monitor,TPM:事务处理监视器Transitive dependency:传递依赖Tuple:元组Tow-tier client-server architecture:两层客户端-服务器体系结构Type hierarchy:类型层次结构UML Unified Modeling Language:统一建模语言Update anomalies:更新异常User view:用户视图view:视图View integration approach:视图统合方法Weak entity:弱实体。