刑法视角下的法律拟制

刑法视角下的法律拟制摘要最近几年,刑法中的法律拟制条款的研究越来越成为刑法研究关注的热点,法律拟制古已有之,根据牛津法律大词典的解释: 法律拟制是一种法律假设或假定,把虚假视为真实,把虚无当作实在。

在法律中为了实现正义,需要把两种完全不同的法律事实,赋予其同等的法律效果。

立法的目的是为了追求社会和谐和公平正义，它的存在有其内在的根据。

刑法分则中大量地存在为了达到某种“法律目的”而“明知不同却等同视之”的“法律拟制”现象，这种“以假为真”的现象与刑法的基本原则并不违背，本文认为刑法中的法律拟制仅指立法拟制，不包括司法拟制。

法律拟制带来的价值有目共睹，。

本文希望从法律拟制的正当性、必要性、重要性以及牺牲大众的期待可能性所带来的效益是大还是小的角度出发，构建我国刑法的拟制规则和制度既能适应现代社会的法治需求，又能实现法律基本价值。

法律拟制存在的原因无外乎节约立法资源，实现立法者的立法目的和意图，解决社会生活中出现的疑难问题。

维护社会基本的公平与正义，然而拟制本身并非完美无缺，其也有漏洞与风险，应当承认在现阶段，如果没有正确的价值观念用来指导立法拟制，会导致刑罚适用与司法过程中的混乱，比如违背刑法原则，罪刑不相适应等现象会层出不穷使。

刑法成为一部“恶法”。

所以,在解决社会中棘手问题的同时，我们更要关注与防范的是如何规避和控制拟制所带来的法律风险，所以本着程序与实体价值正义原则，立法机构是拟制的唯一适格主体。

为防止拟制被滥用，应当遵循刑法基本原则；降低拟制带来的危害应适用拟制无害原则；体现社会主义公平与正义应坚持保障人权原则，为维护刑法威严应采用拟制谦抑性原则。

等等一系列的拟制原则的确立保障了建立拟制规则程序上的正义，此外即立法制定拟制条款之前，公开向社会与司法部门公示条款草案并广泛征求社会意见，对颁布施行的拟制性条款作出解释与说明；另外，拟制是一种风险与收益并存的立法技术，所以要建立必要的拟制条款的监督、质询以及不正当拟制条款废止程序刑法的首要目的正是保护法益，这是法律拟制正当性的根据。

一切刑法规则都围绕法益保护与尊重与保护人权两个原则展开。

只有两者相辅相成，才能保证法律拟制发挥更多的正能量。

关键词：法律拟制人权保障拟制LEGAL FICITON IN PERSPECTIVE OF CRIMINAL LAWABSTRACTIn recent years, the criminal law in the legal fiction in terms of research has become the focus of attention of the criminal law, the legal fiction has existed since ancient times, according to Oxford law dictionary explanation: the law is a legal assumption or supposition, the false to be true, the nihility as real in. In the law in order to realize the justice, need to put two completely different legal facts, giving it the same legal effect. The purpose of the legislation is to pursue social harmony and justice, it has its internal basis. There is a lot of more specific provisions of the criminal law in order to achieve some kind of " law " and " knowing different but equal legal fiction " phenomenon as " ", the basic principle of " false is true " phenomenon and the criminal law does not violate the criminal law, the legal fiction refers only to the legislative preparation, not including judicial fiction. The law of value be obvious to people for the,. This paper hopes to legitimacy, necessity, importance and sacrifice the public expect the possibility of benefit from the law is large or small angle, drafting rules and system construction of China's criminal law can not only meet the demand of modern society under the rule of law, but also can realize the basic value of law. The law has no cause for the saving of legislative resources, to achieve the legislative intent of legislators and intention, to solve difficult problems appear in social life. To maintain the social fairness and justice, basic, but fiction itself is not be the pink of perfection, it also has vulnerability and risk, should be recognized in the present stage, if not the correct values to guide legislation preparation, will cause the penalty and the judicial process of chaos, such as violating the principles of criminal law, crime does not adapt such phenomena will emerge in an endless stream make. The criminal law to become a " evil law ".So when solving the difficult problems in the society, we should pay more attention and prevention is how to avoid and control the risk brought about by the law, so in the procedure and the entity value principles of justice, the legislature is fiction only suitable subject. In order to prevent to abuse, should follow the basic principles of criminal law; to reduce the harm caused to system should be applied to harmless principle; embodies the socialist fairness and justice should adhere to the principle of protection of human rights, criminal law should be used for the maintenance of his fiction modesty principle. The establishment of a series of fiction is established to guarantee the principle of rules of procedure justice, in addition that the legislation on preparation before the provisions, open to the draft articles on social and judicial departments publicity and solicit opinions from society, explanation and description on the fiction articles promulgated; in addition, the fiction is the legislative technique a kind of both risks and benefits, so to establish the necessary preparation in terms of supervision, inquiry and improper preparation in terms of revocation programThe primary purpose of the criminal law is to protect the legal interest, this is the law of legitimacy based on. All criminal law rules with respect to all around the protection of law and the protection of human rights two principles. Only the two complement each other, in order to ensure the legal fiction play a more positive energy.KEY WORDS: legal fiction The guarantee of human rights Fiction目录引言 (4)第一章刑法中拟制的概念 (5)第一节法律拟制及其特点 (6)第二节从法律拟制到刑法中的拟制 (8)第三节我国刑法中的拟制 (9)第二章法律拟制与相关概念辨析 (9)第一节法律拟制与法律类推 (9)第二节法律拟制与推定 (10)第三节法律拟制与注意规定 (11)第三章刑法中拟制的根据以及正当性 (12)第一节刑法中拟制的根据 (12)第二节刑法中拟制的正当性 (13)第四章刑事立法中拟制的价值、风险 (16)第一节刑事立法中拟制的价值 (16)第二节刑事立法中拟制的风险 (19)第五章反思刑法立法拟制中的价值缺失 (22)第一节刑事立法拟制与刑法各原则的冲突与协调 (22)第二节树立人权保障的价值观 (24)第三节法益保护是立法拟制的核心 (25)第六章如何构建刑事立法拟制规则 (26)第一节刑事立法拟制的主体及权限 (26)第二节刑事立法拟制的原则 (30)第三节刑事立法拟制的程序 (35)结语 (36)后记 (37)引言法律拟制如同其他法律用语一样，在如何定义上说法不一。