急性脑梗塞的影像诊断
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血流量水平接近脑缺血半暗带阈值,这表明CEST图像所显示的病灶范围接近于缺血半暗带。
运用化学交换饱和转移序列不但在诊断超急性期脑梗塞方面有很大优势,而且很可能在预测缺血半暗带方面也具有重要的临床意义。
关键词:化学交换饱和转移;pH成像;脑梗塞;1.5T。
AbstractObjectiveCerebral infarction is the blockage of the flow of blood to the cerebrum, causing or resulting in brain tissue death. Early diagnosis and rapid treatment would help to alleviate symptoms, increase survival, and reduce disability. In the hyperacute infarct stage, routine CT and MRI (T1WI, T2WI and FLAIR) usually are negative. PWI and DWI present as a low perfusion area and hyperintensity area in this stage, but they are are not penumbra-specific. Therefore a new technology which can make an early diagnosis and prognose ischemic penumbra is great significant for clinic. CEST imaging is a new technology which is sensitive to pH change. As we know, when cerebral nervous tissue lacks of blood and oxygen, neurocyte is altered in metabolism, following with acid-base disturbance. So pH- sensitive CEST imaging can reflect the alteration in metabolism. Using this technology to image ischemic brain may make an early detection in the hyperacute infarct stage and have a advantage to prognose ischemic penumbra.Materials and MethodsIn our study, twelve male cats weighing 2.4 to 2.8 kg underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and ischemic evolution was observed at a clinical 1.5-T scanner through clinical T1WI, T2WI, DWI and the CEST-imaging that the imaging sequence designed by our group. CEST-imaging readout was as spin-echo imaging with an offset frequency of 3.5 ppm. At last, compare the ability of T1WI, T2WI, DWI and CEST-imaging to detect cerebral infarct within the hyperacute stage.ResultsIn 7 of 12 animals, when there are not any alterations in the DWI yet, we can find hypointensity regions in the occlusion side in the CEST-imaging. In other 5 of 12 animals, we can observer the intensity alterations in DWI and CEST-imaging at the same time. The signal intensity in the lesion region is lower than thatin the healthy nervous tissue in CEST-imaging, and the darkest part in the CEST-imaging corresponds with the lightest part in the DWI. It may mean the tissue of this area suffers the most serious lack of ischemia and anoxia. In addition, we can see the lesion area displayed in the CEST-imaging is larger than that in the DWI. In the hyperacute infarct stage T1WI and T2WI are negetive.ConclusionsIn this study, we could identify cerebral infarct lesions in the hyperacute infarct stage using CEST at a 1.5 T clinical scanner. CEST-imaging is sensitive to detect infarct prior to current clinical sequences such as T1WI, T2WI and DWI. Analysing from cerebral blood flow (CBF), the CBF level for pH change approximates to the threshold of penumbra, so it indicates that boundary of lesion on CEST-imaging may also approximates to the penumbra. At last we come to a conclusion that CEST-imaging not only can diagnose cerebral infarction, but also may be able to prognose ischemic penumbra.Key word: Chemical exchange saturation transfer; pH imaging; Cerebral infarct;1.5 tesla.符号表缩略语CEST chemical exchange saturation transfer 化学交换饱和转移T1WI T1 weight imaging T1加权成像T2WI T2 weight imaging T2加权成像DWI diffusion weight imaging 弥散加权成像SE-MT spin echo- magnetization transfer 自旋-磁化传递ppm parts per million 百万分之T tesla 特斯拉(磁通量单位)TIA transient ischemic attack 短暂性脑缺血发作NHE Na+/H+ exchange Na+/H+ 交换MRS magnetic resonance spectroscopy 磁共振频谱EPIC Environment for Pulse programming In C 脉冲程序编辑系统NMR nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振APT amide proton transfer 酰胺质子传递FID free induction decay 自由感应衰减FT Fourier transform 傅里叶变换CCA common carotid artery 颈总动脉ECA external carotid artery 颈外动脉ICA internal carotid artery 颈内动脉ROI region of interest 感兴趣区ADC approximate diffusion coefficient 近似弥散系数目录中文摘要 (I)英文摘要 (III)符号表缩略语 (V)第1章绪论 (1)1.1脑梗塞疾病对人类的危害。