自考英语二_第七讲(2)_2011年版

自考《英语二》讲义自考“英语（二）”完整讲义讲义一T ext A What Is a Decision ？I.课文内容简介决策的目的是制定和实现组织目标。

作决策的原因是有问题存在、目标和目的不正确、或者有某种东西防碍目标或目的的实现。

作决策的过程对管理人员来说至关重要。

决策者必须具备从多个可供选择的可能性中确定最佳选择的手段。

而多种目标的顺序和重要性也部分地基于决策者的价值观。

今天所作的决策可能会对将来产生深远的影响。

因此，有经验的管理者能从当前决策看到将来的效果。

II.New WordsOrganizational a. 组织上的goal n. 目的，目标objective n./ a. 目标，目的/客观的，真实的Accomplish vt. 完成（任务等）predict vt./vi. 预言；预示accompany vt. 伴随，陪同Implement vt. 实现；完成Constraint n. 强制；强制因素precedent n. 先例，前例Simplify vt. 简化tendency n. 趋势，倾向Managerial a. 经理的，管理人的maker n. 制造者；制造商Achievement n. 完成，达到attain vt. 达到；完成optimal a. 最适宜的，最理想的suboptimization n. 局部最优化trade-off n. 权衡；物物交换argue vt./vi. 争辩，争论budget n./vt. 预算scheme n./vt.把… 编入预算define vt. 解释，给…下定义Multiple a./n.多样的，复合的/倍数Profitability n. 赚钱，获利correctness n. 正确，正确性unintended a. 非计划中的，非故意的ongoing a. 进行中的，非故意的entity n. 存在，实体Skilled a. 熟练的；有技能的in the way 挡路、碍事to make a guess at 猜测and the like 等等，诸如此类to seek to 追求，争取in part 部分地，在某种程度上point of view 观点词汇精讲1.goal n. 目标，进球，球门（同义词：aim ，end ，purpose，objective）Her goal is a place at university . 她的目标是在大学任教。

2011年英语二text2Title: The Evolution of the Modern WorkplaceThe 2011 examination of the evolving nature of the modern workplace highlights a significant trend: the integration of technology into the daily operations of businesses. This integration has not only transformed the way we work, but has also had a profound impact on the culture and structure of organizations.Firstly, technology has enabled remote working, which has greatly increased灵活性in the workplace. No longer tied to physical locations, employees can perform their duties from anywhere with an internet connection. This shift has not only freed individuals from the constraints of traditional office hours, but has also allowed businesses to access a global talent pool. However, this newfound flexibility has also posed new challenges for managers, who must now navigate a virtual workspace, fostering team cohesion and ensuring productivity in an environment that lacks the visual and social cues of a traditional office.Furthermore, technology has empowered employees with access to a wealth of information and tools that enhance their individualproductivity. Cloud-based software and online collaboration tools have made it possible for teams to work together, regardless of their physical location, on shared projects. This capability not only streamlines workflows but also encourages a more transparent and inclusive decision-making process.Another significant impact of technology has been the rise of digital nomads—individuals who travel while working remotely. This trend has reshaped the concept of a traditional work schedule, as these individuals can work from anywhere in the world while still maintaining a stable income and career trajectory. However, this lifestyle also poses unique challenges, as individuals must navigate the challenges of maintaining productivity while traversing different time zones and environments.In addition to these individual changes, businesses themselves have undergone significant transformation. With the rise of e-commerce and digital marketing, many companies have been forced to adapt their business models to remain competitive. This shift has not only affected sales and marketing strategies but has also reshaped the role of management. Managers must now navigate a complex digital landscape, leveraging data analytics to make informed decisions and guiding their teams through an increasingly complex workingenvironment.The integration of technology into the modern workplace has thus far been transformative. It has presented both individual employees and businesses with opportunities for growth and innovation while also posing new challenges that must be navigated. As technology continues to evolve, so too will the nature of work, necessitating a constant适应and evolution of both individuals and organizations.。

自考英语（二）讲义完整版自考英语（二）讲义完整版一讲义一Text A What Is a Decision ？I.课文内容简介决策的目的是制定和实现组织目标。

作决策的原因是有问题存在、目标和目的不正确、或者有某种东西防碍目标或目的的实现。

作决策的过程对管理人员来说至关重要。

决策者必须具备从多个可供选择的可能性中确定最佳选择的手段。

而多种目标的顺序和重要性也部分地基于决策者的价值观。

今天所作的决策可能会对将来产生深远的影响。

因此，有经验的管理者能从当前决策看到将来的效果。

段落大意：课文分成三部分第一、二段：决策的定义The definition of decision第三、四段：作决策的一般过程The general process of making a decision第五至九段：在管理层次上，多种因素影响决策的制定Various factors influencing decision making at the managerial level II.New Wordsorganizational a. 组织上的goal n. 目的，目标objective n./a. 目标，目的/客观的，真实的accomplish vt. 完成（任务等）predict vt./vi. 预言；预示accompany vt. 伴随，陪同implement vt. 实现；完成constraint n. 强制；强制因素precedent n. 先例，前例simplify vt. 简化tendency n. 趋势，倾向managerial a. 经理的，管理人的maker n. 制造者；制造商achievement n. 完成，达到attain vt. 达到；完成optimal a. 最适宜的，最理想的suboptimization n. 局部最优化trade-off n. 权衡；物物交换argue vt./vi. 争辩，争论budget n./vt. 预算scheme n./vt.把…编入预算define vt. 解释，给…下定义multiple a./n.多样的，复合的/倍数profitability n. 赚钱，获利correctness n. 正确，正确性unintended a. 非计划中的，非故意的ongoing a. 进行中的，非故意的entity n. 存在，实体skilled a. 熟练的；有技能的in the way 挡路、碍事to make a guess at 猜测and the like 等等，诸如此类to seek to 追求，争取in part 部分地，在某种程度上point of view 观点词汇精讲1.goal n. 目标，进球，球门（同义词：aim ，end ，purpose，objective）Her goal is a place at university . 她的目标是在大学任教。

2011英语二text2In 2011, the English second language exam for the college entrance examination featured Text 2. This text explored the concept of social networking and its impact on individuals and society. In this article, we will delve into the key ideas and implications presented in the text, highlighting the importance of social networking skills in the modern world.The text begins by defining social networking as a platform that allows individuals to connect and interact with others online. It emphasizes the growing role of social media in both personal and professional realms. The author asserts that social networking skills have become indispensable in the 21st century, as they enable individuals to establish and maintain relationships, access information, and even enhance career prospects.One of the main points raised in the text is the impact of social networking on personal relationships. It suggests that constant online connectivity has led to decreased face-to-face interaction and reduced social skills. People are becoming increasingly dependent on virtual interactions, which can lead to feelings of loneliness and social isolation. However, it also acknowledges the benefits of online connectivity, such as the ability to connect with like-minded individuals and expand one's social network.From a professional standpoint, the text highlights the positive influence of social networking on career prospects. It discusses how platforms like LinkedIn have revolutionized the job market by providing professionals with opportunities for networking and self-promotion. Employers now often rely on social media platforms to search for potential candidates, making a strong online presence crucial for career success. The text emphasizes theimportance of cultivating a professional image online and leveraging social networking to showcase one's skills and achievements.Another important aspect mentioned in the text is the impact of social networking on information acquisition. It suggests that the availability of vast amounts of information at our fingertips has both benefits and drawbacks. On one hand, it allows for quick and convenient access to knowledge. On the other hand, the credibility of information online can be questionable, and individuals need to develop critical thinking skills to discern reliable sources.Moreover, the text brings attention to the potential risks and privacy concerns associated with social networking. It warns of the dangers of identity theft, cyberbullying, and online scams. It advises individuals to exercise caution when sharing personal information online and to be aware of the potential consequences of their digital footprint.In conclusion, Text 2 from the 2011 English second language exam provided a comprehensive analysis of social networking and its impact on individuals and society. It emphasized the importance of social networking skills in establishing personal relationships, enhancing career prospects, and navigating the information age. However, it also cautioned against the potential risks and pitfalls of online connectivity. Overall, this text serves as a reminder that in today's digital world, developing a balanced and responsible approach to social networking is essential.。