跨文化交际期末试题

跨文化交际期末考试复习题Define the following items:1.intercultural communication: is simply defined as interpersonal communication between people from different cultural background.2.interethnic communication: refers to communication between people of the same race but different ethnic backgrounds.3.verbal communication：communication done both orally and in written language.4.nonverbal communication: involves all nonverbal stimuli i n a communication setting that is generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has potential message value for the source or receiver.4. Monochronic time一元时间观念: means paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time.5. Polychronic time多元时间观念: means being involved with many things at once.6. ethnocentrism ：the view of things in which one’s own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it.7. stereotypes：refers to negative or positive judgment made about individuals based on any observable or believed groupmembership.针对目标群体成员所特有的正面或方面的判断。

跨文化交际期末考试题【新】第一部分：选择题（共20题，每题1分，共20分）1. 当出现语言障碍时，以下哪个是最好的应对策略？A. 用手势和肢体动作来表达自己的意思B. 大声说出自己的观点C. 重复使用相同的单词和短语来帮助理解D. 简化语言使用的复杂度，使用简单易懂的语言2. 对于跨文化交流来说，以下哪种观念是最关键的？A. 遵循自己国家的行为准则B. 尊重不同文化之间的差异C. 强制对方接受自己的文化D. 批判对方的文化习惯3. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种沟通方式是最常用的？A. 肢体语言B. 非语言信息C. 语言信息D. 交流方式4. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种观点是最重要的？A. 接受自己的文化习惯B. 批判他人的文化习惯C. 理解他人的文化习惯D. 拒绝他人的文化习惯5. 在一个跨文化交际的场合中，以下哪个应该是最高的优先级？A. 活跃的参与B. 语言水平的熟练程度C. 适应当地的礼仪和行为准则D. 强调自己的文化背景6. 以下哪个是一个跨文化交际中最常见的问题？A. 礼貌和礼仪的不同B. 文化差异造成的文化霸权C. 认知差异的沟通问题D. 语言障碍7. 以下哪种服务最适合在跨文化交际中使用？A. 机器翻译服务B. 优先选择专业的口译和翻译服务C. 通过朋友或熟人的介绍寻找帮助D. 利用在线社交媒体解决问题8. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种事情应该避免？A. 尊重并遵循当地的礼仪和行为准则B. 试图改变或批判当地的文化习俗C. 沿用自己的文化行为准则D. 关注当地的文化和语言细节9. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种技巧是最有用的？A. 避免使用简单易懂的语言B. 直截了当地表达自己的观点C. 关注当地的非语言行为和信号D. 尝试使用当地的单词和短语10. 当尝试与跨文化背景的人交流时，以下哪种能力是最重要的？A. 语言能力B. 理解当地文化的背景C. 思考和行动的方式D. 批判思维11. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个语言问题最常见？A. 不同的拼写和拼音B. 不同的语法结构和单词含义C. 方言和口音D. 礼仪和交际方式12. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个观念是最必要的？A. 尊重当地的文化背景B. 认为自己的文化优越C. 轻视当地的命令和指示D. 批判当地文化的错误13. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个事情是至关重要的？A. 去熟悉当地的文化和语言背景B. 寻找机会批判当地的文化习惯C. 坚持自己的文化行为准则D. 放松身心，自然而然的融入当地环境14. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为应该被避免？A. 尊重他人的文化背景B. 没有认真倾听对方的观点C. 关注当地的语言和文化细节D. 对对方的文化行为进行批评和评价15. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种观念是最重要的？A. “我们的文化最好”B. “我们的文化最好，但我们也能接受其他文化”C. “所有文化都有其独特之处，值得尊重和理解”D. “其他文化与我们的文化无关”16. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为应该被避免？A. 关注和遵守当地的礼仪和行为准则B. 尝试使用当地的语言和单词C. 尊重和理解当地的文化习俗D. 批判和否定当地的文化习俗17. 在一个跨文化交际的场合中，以下哪个应该是最高的优先级？A. 展示自己的文化背景B. 关注当地的语言和文化细节C. 认真倾听对方的观点D. 强调自己优越的文化背景18. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种事情应该被避免？A. 尊重所有人的文化背景B. 批判当地的文化行为C. 关注当地的非语言信号D. 使用当地的语言和单词19. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种技巧是最有用的？A. 尊重当地的文化背景B. 试图改变当地的文化行为准则C. 使用自己的语言和单词D. 关注当地的微妙而又微小的语言和非语言信号20. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为应该被避免？A. 关注当地的礼仪和行为准则B. 忽略当地的迷信和传统信仰C. 尊重当地的宗教和文化背景D. 沿用自己的文化行为准则第二部分：简答题（共5道题，每题4分，共20分）1. 解释什么是文化差异，并列举至少三个文化差异的例子？2. 解释为什么认知差异在跨文化交际中是一个重要的问题，并提供至少三个示例说明不同的认知差异会如何影响跨文化交流?3. 解释什么是非语言沟通，并列举至少三个非语言沟通的例子？4. 解释为什么跨文化交际中的措辞和用词是非常重要的，并提供至少三个示例说明，不同的词语和措辞可能导致文化差异。

期末英语专业跨⽂化交际试题试题及参考答案中央⼴播电视⼤学2003--2004学年度第⼆学期“开放本科”期末考试英语专业跨⽂化交际试题注意事项⼀、将你的学号、姓名及分校(⼯作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。

考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。

试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。

⼆、仔细阅读题⽬的说明，并按题⽬要求答题。

答案⼀定要写在答题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案⽆效。

三、⽤蓝、⿊圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使⽤铅笔答题⽆效。

Information for the Examinees：This examination consists of FOUR sections．These are：Section I：Listening(20 points，30 minutes)Section II：Language Appropriacy and Accuracy(30 points，20minutes)SectionⅢ：Reading Comprehension(20 points，30 minutes)Section lV：Communication Analysis(30 points，40 minutes)The total marks for this examination are 100 points．Timeallowed for competing this examination is 2 hours(1 20 minutes)allowed for completing this examination is hours (120 minutes)．Section I：Listening [20 points]You are going to listen to an interview．Then choose the best answer from A，B，C and D toanswer each question．Write your answers on the Answer Sheet．1．Concerning the issue of maternity，what ideas prevail among Chinese women? A．The modern concept．B．The traditional concept．C．The responsibility to the society．’D．The responsibility to the family．2．According to the passage，raising children——．A．is an unbearable burden to womenB．is a significant part of a woman’s lifeC．is the permanent task of womenD is the task 0f both a man and a woman3．Giving birth ．A．brings great pleasure to womenB．differs men from women physically and spirituallyC．makes the women’s life completeD．all the above4．Those oppose giving birth think that ．A．giving birth is something rather primitiveB．women do not need to follow their mothers’ideasC．they are not educated and influenced to live with maternityD．giving birth is necessary for women5．According to the passage，which statement is true9．A．City dwellers have children to take care of them when they get old．B．Rural dwellers have children to give them emotional comfort．C．City dwellers have children to give them emotional comfort．D．Rural dwellers have children only to ensure the bloodline．Part 2：Questions 6—15 are based on this part．(10 points)You are going to listen to a lecture on celebrating diversity．As you listen，fill in the blanks tocomplete Sentences 6—1 5．Note：Only one word is necessary for each blank．6．Diversity——our lives．7．Cultural diversity brings together the resources and talents of many people for thebenefit of all．8．Yet consider how——life would be if we all looked alike，thought alike，and acted alike!9．Together we can overcome and intolerance and work towards a more peaceful andproductive world．10．People may fear diversity simply because they are to the way things used to beand change makes t hem uncomfortable．11．Others may somehow feel ．because they perceive increased participation bytraditionally underrepresented groups in the workplace．12．Education universalizes the human ．13．The word university is to this idea．14．I believe that the is also true：if you lose a language，you lose a world．15．We can cross and feel comfortable in other worlds．This is the end of the Listening TestSectionⅡ：Language Appropriacy and Accuracy [30 points]Instructions：There are altogether 1 5 statements below．You are offered four choices markedwith A，B，C，and D for each statement．Choose the most appropriate one and write it on theAnswer Sheet．．16. Maybe it's asking too much 0f you to follow the idea of‘love me love my dog’，but atleast you should tolerate my love for jazz．A．10ve my dog as much as loving meB．10ve everything about me because you love meC．tolerate my love for jazz music like your tolerating my dogD．10ve jazz music the same as you love my dog17．What a fabulous car—I’m very jealous．A．red with envyB．blue with envyC．green with envyD．white with envy18．As a man with plenty of guts , he is the person who is expected to bring success to this company which is on the verge of bankruptcy．A．the great white hopeB．the great red hopeC．the great green hopeD．the great black hope1 9．He is always shooting his mouth off about how many VIPs he knows．A．boastingB．imagingC．telling 1ies aboutD．denying20．I’m not surprised at the downfall of the President because of the promises he made beforehe came into office turned out to be plans that are unlikely to be fulfilled． A．Dutch courageB．fl piece of cakeC．the salt of the earthD．castles in the air21． These days Mr.．Smith looks anxious and restless．What happened?I heard his wife was in the family way this month．A．badly sickB．deadC．dyingD．pregnant22．“Well，”said the Master，“if you won’t listen to what I say，I refuse to be responsible for you and your examination chances．A．zip my lips ofB．wash hands ofC．1ick my boots of23．She is always hiding her light under a bushel when it comes to giving US her ideas．A．keeping ideas to herselfB．1eaving the office with her ideasC．telling everyone her bright ideasD．agreeing with others ’ideas24．It’s not easy to organize such a party，as everyone has his own likes and dislikes． A．every dog has his day B．every tide has its ebbC．a clear conscience is a sure cardD．one man’s meat is another’s poison．25．When Greeks meet，then comes the tug of war．A．If too many people try to do, the same thing at the same time，chaos will reign．B．Empty—headed persons are always the most talkative and noisy．C．There must be something better after every piece of unpleasantness．D．When two adversaries are of equal strength of character，the contest of wills is certain to be long and hard—fought．26．Which of the following statements are true of collectivist culture?A．Disclosure of private feeling is distasteful．B．People are suspicious of outsiders．C．Uniformity is not highly thought of．D．There is a positive attitude about words of disagreement．27．I can’t stand listening to jazz．It’s just ．A．a storm in a tea cupB．not my cup of teaC．not for all the tea in ChinaD．a cuppa28．Which one in the following expressions is Not True?A．as wise as a fox．‘B．as happy as a lark．C．as strong as a horse．D．as stupid as a goose．29．Xiao wang was trying his best to explain the Chinese proverb “驴唇不对马嘴” to hisAmerican friend Bob．What he means is ．A．the donkey’s lip is not suitable to the horse’s mouthB．1eft right outC．out of left field30．The‘ring’gesture is an insult in ．A．FranceB．the U．S．A．C．South AmericaD．TunisiaSectionⅢ：Reading Comprehension [20 points]Part 1：Questions 3 1—35 are based on this part．(10 points)Read Passage 1 and then answer Questions 3 1——35 briefly．Write your answers on the Answer Sheet．Passage 1Proxemics is the Study of what governs how closely one person stands to another．People who feel close will be close，though the actual distances will vary between cultures．For Americans we can discern four main categories of distance：intimate，personal，socialand public．Intimate distance ranges from direct Contact to about 45 centimeters．Beyond this comes personal stance．．This stands at between 45 and 80 Centimeters·It is the most usual distance maintained for conversations between friends and relatives。

中央广播电视大学2003--2004学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试英语专业跨文化交际试题注意事项一、将你的学号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。

考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。

试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。

二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。

答案一定要写在答题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。

三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。

Information for the Examinees：This examination consists of FOUR sections．These are：Section I：Listening(20 points，30 minutes)Section II：Language Appropriacy and Accuracy(30 points，20minutes)SectionⅢ：Reading Comprehension(20 points，30 minutes)Section lV：Communication Analysis(30 points，40 minutes)The total marks for this examination are 100 points．Timeallowed for competing this examination is 2 hours(1 20 minutes)allowed for completing this examination is hours (120 minutes)．Section I：Listening [20 points]You are going to listen to an interview．Then choose the best answer from A，B，C and D to answer each question．Write your answers on the Answer Sheet．1．Concerning the issue of maternity，what ideas prevail among Chinese women?A．The modern concept．B．The traditional concept．C．The responsibility to the society．’D．The responsibility to the family．2．According to the passage，raising children——．A．is an unbearable burden to womenB．is a significant part of a woman’s lifeC．is the permanent task of womenD is the task 0f both a man and a woman3．Giving birth ．A．brings great pleasure to womenB．differs men from women physically and spirituallyC．makes the women’s life completeD．all the above4．Those oppose giving birth think that ．A．giving birth is something rather primitiveB．women do not need to follow their mothers’ideasC．they are not educated and influenced to live with maternityD．giving birth is necessary for women5．According to the passage，which statement is true9．A．City dwellers have children to take care of them when they get old．B．Rural dwellers have children to give them emotional comfort．C．City dwellers have children to give them emotional comfort．D．Rural dwellers have children only to ensure the bloodline．Part 2：Questions 6—15 are based on this part．(10 points)You are going to listen to a lecture on celebrating diversity．As you listen，fill in the blanks to complete Sentences 6—1 5．Note：Only one word is necessary for each blank．6．Diversity——our lives．7．Cultural diversity brings together the resources and talents of many people for thebenefit of all．8．Yet consider how——life would be if we all looked alike，thought alike，and acted alike! 9．Together we can overcome and intolerance and work towards a more peaceful and productive world．10．People may fear diversity simply because they are to the way things used to beand change makes t hem uncomfortable．11．Others may somehow feel ．because they perceive increased participation by traditionally underrepresented groups in the workplace．12．Education universalizes the human ．13．The word university is to this idea．14．I believe that the is also true：if you lose a language，you lose a world．15．We can cross and feel comfortable in other worlds．This is the end of the Listening TestSectionⅡ：Language Appropriacy and Accuracy [30 points]Instructions：There are altogether 1 5 statements below．You are offered four choices marked with A，B，C，and D for each statement．Choose the most appropriate one and write it on the Answer Sheet．．16. Maybe it's asking too much 0f you to follow the idea of‘love me love my dog’，but atleast you should tolerate my love for jazz．A．10ve my dog as much as loving meB．10ve everything about me because you love meC．tolerate my love for jazz music like your tolerating my dogD．10ve jazz music the same as you love my dog17．What a fabulous car—I’m very jealous．A．red with envyB．blue with envyC．green with envyD．white with envy18．As a man with plenty of guts , he is the person who is expected to bring success to this company which is on the verge of bankruptcy．A．the great white hopeB．the great red hopeC．the great green hopeD．the great black hope1 9．He is always shooting his mouth off about how many VIPs he knows．A．boastingB．imagingC．telling 1ies aboutD．denying20．I’m not surprised at the downfall of the President because of the promises he made before he came into office turned out to be plans that are unlikely to be fulfilled．A．Dutch courageB．fl piece of cakeC．the salt of the earthD．castles in the air21．These days Mr.．Smith looks anxious and restless．What happened?I heard his wife was in the family way this month．A．badly sickB．deadC．dyingD．pregnant22．“Well，”said the Master，“if you won’t listen to what I say，I refuse to be responsible for you and your examination chances．A．zip my lips ofB．wash hands ofC．1ick my boots ofD．sit at my feet of23．She is always hiding her light under a bushel when it comes to giving US her ideas．A．keeping ideas to herselfB．1eaving the office with her ideasC．telling everyone her bright ideasD．agreeing with others ’ideas24．It’s not easy to organize such a party，as everyone has his own likes and dislikes．A．every dog has his dayB．every tide has its ebbC．a clear conscience is a sure cardD．one man’s meat is another’s poison．25．When Greeks meet，then comes the tug of war．A．If too many people try to do, the same thing at the same time，chaos will reign．B．Empty—headed persons are always the most talkative and noisy．C．There must be something better after every piece of unpleasantness．D．When two adversaries are of equal strength of character，the contest of wills is certain to be long and hard—fought．26．Which of the following statements are true of collectivist culture?A．Disclosure of private feeling is distasteful．B．People are suspicious of outsiders．C．Uniformity is not highly thought of．D．There is a positive attitude about words of disagreement．27．I can’t stand listening to jazz．It’s just ．A．a storm in a tea cupB．not my cup of teaC．not for all the tea in ChinaD．a cuppa28．Which one in the following expressions is Not True?A．as wise as a fox．‘B．as happy as a lark．C．as strong as a horse．D．as stupid as a goose．29．Xiao wang was trying his best to explain the Chinese proverb “驴唇不对马嘴” to hisAmerican friend Bob．What he means is ．A．the donkey’s lip is not suitable to the horse’s mouthB．1eft right outC．out of left fieldD．1eft way out30．The‘ring’gesture is an insult in ．A．FranceB．the U．S．A．C．South AmericaD．TunisiaSectionⅢ：Reading Comprehension [20 points]Part 1：Questions 3 1—35 are based on this part．(10 points)Read Passage 1 and then answer Questions 3 1——35 briefly．Write your answers on the Answer Sheet．Passage 1Proxemics is the Study of what governs how closely one person stands to another．People who feel close will be close，though the actual distances will vary between cultures．For Americans we can discern four main categories of distance：intimate，personal，socialand public．Intimate distance ranges from direct Contact to about 45 centimeters．Beyond this comes personal stance．．This stands at between 45 and 80 Centimeters·It is the most usual distance maintained for conversations between friends and relatives。

I. Choose the best answer:1.When someone responds only to the residue of the behavior of anotherperson ,communicationa. is not effective .b. is quite effective .c. also takes place.d. does not occur.2.All cultures or institutions are equally valid or fitting ,according toa. cultural analysis.b. cultural relativism.c. cultural absolutism.d. cultural determinism.3.Intercultural communication as a field of study is interdisciplinary. Closely related to this fieldare the following disciplines excepta. medical studies .b. sociolinguistics.c. cultural anthropology.d. sociology.4.when you have paid a cashier in the US for your shopping, the cashier will most likely saya. Thank youb. Nothing.c. You’re very rich.d. You’ve made a great purchase.5.Can I whisper in your ear? I didn’t have a chance to tell you this morning how lovely you look!A male colleague of an American woman professor walked into the professor’s classroom and“whispered” in her ear when she was just lecturing to her students. This s hows thata. Americans make compliments on women’s appearance far more frequently and freely thanChinese people.b. Chinese speakers make compliments on women’s appearance as frequently and freely asAmericans.c. Americans make compliments on women’s app earance only when the complimented are oflow social status.d. Chinese speakers make compliments on women’s appearance only when the complimentedare of low social status.6.When you want to know whether an American is married or single or divorced, you can askindirectlya. Do you have any children?b. Are you married?c. Have you solved your personal problem?d. Do you have a large family?7.Your written work has really improved, but you still have a bit of a problem with yourspelling.This is criticism by English standards.a. directb. indirectc. weakd. strong8.When an American expresses thanks for a favor you have done him, you shoulda. say It’s my duty.b. say that’s what I should do .c. say It’s a pleasure .d. say That’s the least I can do .9.When an English woman tells you her real age, you can saya. That’s what I guess.b. No, no, you really are much younger than your age.c. That’s impossibled. Oh , dear me !You don’t expect that I believe you .10.By tradition westerners have much stronger sense of privacy than Chinese, because they laygreater emphasis ona. collectivism.b. individualism.c. relativism.d. imperialism.11.When an English tennis champion says well, I’m very keen on tennis,he is employingspeech calleda. irony.b. understatement.c. simile.d. exaggeration.12.This is x x x’s residence. We are not here at this moment. Please leave your name andtelephone number. W e’ll call you back as soon as we can. when you hear this on the phone, you should know that this comes froma. a gentleman’s family.b. an advanced telephone.c. an answering machine.d. a lady’s family.13.The nonverbal elements of the voice is calleda. kinesics.b. oculesics.c. proxemics.d. paralanguage.14.A: When can I come back for my ticket?B: Don’t worry. It is being taken care of.B’s response would be regarded by Americans asa. a polite response.b. a rude remark..c. a little information.d. insufficient information.15.When a newly-arrived American professor has just conducted his first class with Chinesestudents, you, as an administrator, can greet him by sayinga. You must have had a tiring job.b. Are you happy with your class?c. Are Chinese students the same as American students?d. Are they happy with your teaching?16.When you receive a phone call and knows that the person wanted on the phone is notavailable to answer it, you should saya. Does she/he have your name?b. Can I say that she/he is away from here?c. He/She is not available to speak to you.d. He/She is not with me right now.17.If you are asked to dine out, Dutch treat means thata. whoever pays for his own meal.b. You’ll be treated Dutch food.c. You’ll be invited to a Dutch restaurant.d. Whoever invites you will pay for the dinner.18.When an American friend compliments you on what you have, you should not say Do youreally like it, just take it ,becausea. what you have might be offensive to the people from his culture.b. What you have might be so expensive that he dares not take it.c. It could be just a compliment and he might have been a slip of the tongue.d. He might think that you made the offer on the spur of the moment without sincerity.19. The Chinese language is well known for in connecting phrases or sentences without usingmany logic-grammatical connectors.a. hypotactic techniques.b. various techniques.c. covert coherence.d. function words.20. “Han d extended toward person, open palm, palm down, with all fingers crooked in abeckoning motion”-this is normally the way of beckoning someone to come.a. universalb. Americanc. Chinesed. specific21．When an English tennis champion says I think I’m quite good, he is employing the figure of speech called :a. understatement.b. irony.c. similed. exaggeration22．When the training we receive is aimed at cultural self-awareness and other concepts that prepare us to communicate effectively any culture, it is calleda. narrow trainingb. culture-specific trainingc. all-around trainingd. culture-general training23．The turning point came for intercultural communication studies when the International Communication Association established under it the Division of Intercultural Communication ina.1980b.1970c.1990d.196024．I’m very impressed with your figures. A made colleague of an American woman professor said to her when she walked into the restaurant where he was dining. This shows thata. Americans make compliments on women’s appearance far more frequently and freely thanChinese speakers.b. Chinese speakers make compliments on women’s appearance as frequently and freely asAmericans.c. Americans make compliments o women’s appearance only when the complimented are oflow social status.d. Chinese speakers make compliments on women’s appearance only when the complimentedare of low social status.25．In response to You did a great job, you can say___ by American standards.a. Oh well, it had to happen sometimesb. No, no, I didn’t do it very wellc. Well, this is the result of collective labord. I’ll try to do it better next time26．I’m afraid your last essay was not quite up to standard, this is__ criticism by English standards.a. strongb. directc. weakd. indirect27. When you want to know whether an American is marred or single or divorced, you can askindirectlya. Do you have any children?b. Are you married?c. Have you solved your personal problem?d. Is your family with you here in China?28. When an American friend of yours has caught a cold, you can show concern by sayinga. I’m sure you’ll be better soon.b. You should drink more water.c. You should be more careful not catch cold again.d. I hope you’ll be feeling better soon29. Before you present a gift to an American friend, you shoulda. make sure to present it to his wife .b. make sure to keep the price tag onc. tear off its price tagd. tear off its wrapper30. When American friend compliments you on what you have, you should not say “Do you reallylike it? Just take it”, becausea. it could be just a compliment and he might have made a slip of the tongueb. what you have might be so expensive that he dares not take itc. it could be just a compliment and he might not really like it.d. what you have might be offensive to the people from his culture.31．Awareness of how another culture feels the standpoint of the insider can be calleda. empathyb. sympathyc. apathyd. insensibility32. It is believed that the publication of Introduction to Kinesics by marked thebeginning of nonverbal communication studies as a relatively independent field.a. Jespersenb. Birdwhistellc. Potter.d. Pennycook33. The study of the communication of interpersonal space and distance isa. chronemics.b. proxemics.c. haptics.d. oculesics.34. In I’m afraid you’re mistaken, the underlined part can be called from theperspective of interpersonal communication.a. negative words .b. softening words.c. redundant words .d. beautiful words35. When you hear on the phone well, I mustn’t hold you up any longer, you should know that thiscould well be a signal ofa. saying good-byeb. encouraging you to talk more .c. saying I enjoy our conversation ,but you need to go .d. saying I’ll try to be brief with you .36. Church Sale in the United States isa. to sell a churchb. to sell Bibles for very low pricesc. to sell things to church—goers for very low prices.d. to sell things donated by church-goers for very low prices.37. When an American stamps his foot, it usually suggestsa. remorseb. angerc. impatienced. disapproval38. As times passed, the desire of learning the language grew in my heart like a tree, bigger andbigger, so beautiful that I decided to be with her all my life. This kind of languagea. is very impressive by American standards.b. sounds too emotional by American standards.c. sounds too flowery and exaggerated by American standards.d. Is very bad English by American standards?39. When we say that Americans tend to behave this way or that, we don’t mean that everyAmerican will behave in exactly the way in every given situation, because culture isa. an approximationb. tendencyc. an abstractiond. all of the above40. A: (Showing B the sofa) Sit down, please.B: No, no. I’ll sit here. (Moving towards a chair)A: Oh, do sit over here on the sofa.B: No, no. This chair is perfectly all right.From the conversation you can deduce that B is most likelya. an Englishmanb. an Americanc. a Chinesed. a JapaneseII. True or false:1. Intercultural communication occurs whenever a message sender is a member of one culture anda message receiver is of another.2. Intercultural communication studies are as old as recorded history.3. “Give and take” is a principle highly valued in the United Sates.4. Friendship characterizes much of American daily interactions.5. Compared with Chinese Americans make friends easily and leave their friends almost asquickly.6. Chinese writers are not so particular about providing notes or bibliography in writing as English speakers, because the Chinese depend very much on shared cultural knowledge for mutual understanding.7. Sociologists believe that cultural mistakes are far more serious than linguistic mistakes, for the former often incur ill-feeling between speakers of two different cultures.8. Ms. can be used in the United States to address both married and unmarried ladies.9. IC courses are interdisciplinary in nature and therefore should draw materials from many disciplines.10. Cultures do not communicate; people do.11.If you are a guest and are introduced to your host, you do not take the initiative in shakinghands unless he holds out his hand first.12.When you want to learn about an American’s marital status, you can ask ,“Are you married orsingle ”13.By tradition westerners have much stronger sense of privacy than Chinese.14.Americans avoid the talk of the Civil War in their daily conversation.15.When you want to ask a native English-speaker to do you a favor, you should begin withAre you very busy?16.When you want to learn about an American’s political stand, you can ask, “Why did you votefor?”17.For entertaining English speakers, the more banquets or more courses for a banquet, thebetter.18.It is said that the British people hate to trouble others and ,when they need help, will usuallybegin with I don’t really like to ask you, but ….19.You can compliment an American with You look goo d. You ‘ve lost weight.20.Memorial Day is on the last Monday of May.21. In American forms you can often find “optional”following “religion”, because religiousbeliefs are very much a matter of privacy.22. When you are reading a book, you are actually responding to the author’s writing behavior.23. Communication is not irreversible.24. In a broad sense, culture indicates the history and literature of a people.25. Personal comments, implicitly or explicitly, on women’s appearance are more common in theUS than in China.26. Americans are said to be pushing in nature.27. All the Chinese expressions of gratitude do not sound courteous to American speakers.28. Intercultural communication and intracultural communication are both interpersonalcommunication.29. Chinese speakers always tear away price tags before they offer gifts to others.30. Americans are said to work while they work and play while they play.31. P-time is apt to be considered a point rather than a ribbon or a road.32. It is said that Englishmen’s humor sometimes consists of self-deprecation.33. There are basically two approaches to academic or scientific research and, for that matter, tointercultural communication studies; namely, induction and deduction.34. In English –speaking countries you usually first introduce an older person to a younger person, not the other way round.35. The English language is basically a hypotactic language in that it can do without the heavy use of logic-grammatical connectors.36. According to Benjamin Lee Whorf, the background linguistic system of each language is notmerely a reproducing instrument for voicing ideas but rather is itself the program and guide for the individual’s analysis of impressions, for his synthesis of his mental stock in trade. 37. If you are an old person and are introduced to someone younger than you, you do not take theinitiative in shaking hands unless he holds out his hand first.38. In China it’s inappropriate to keep one’s hat on indoors.39. Sometimes an Englishman may offer help merely as a gesture of politeness. In this case, youcan say something like I’d like to have your help, but ….40. Avoiding taboo has much to do with privacy.III. Explain the following terms:1.response2.intentional communication3.acceptance and integration4.linguistic relativity5.dominant culture6.Michigan States University7.culture-general training 8.role prescription9.lexical gap 10.Mr.America11.decoding 12.nondirectded communication13.mental isolation 14.black tie15.connotation 16.linguistic determinism17.individualism 18.cross-cultural communicationmunicative competence 20.China Association for Intercultural CommunicationIV. Elaborate the following topics:1.Do you think that “When in Rome do as Romans do” is the best indication of interculturalcommunication competence?2. Comment on the significance of nonverbal communication studies.3. Illustrate cultural differences in showing concern.4. Illustrate cultural differences in greeting people.。

对外经济贸易大学《跨文化交际（英）》期末考试I.True-False: Decide whether each of the following statements is true orfalse. Write T for “true” and F for “false”.（每题1分，共20分）1.The term “intercultural communication” was first used by Geert Hofstede in1959.2.Hall defines culture as the "software of the mind" that guides us in our dailyinteractions.3.In most of Africa, Argentina and Peru, putting one’s index finger to his templemeans ‘You are crazy.’4.Stereotyping is a complex form of categorization that mentally organizes yourexperiences and guides your behavior toward a particular group of people.5.V alues are social principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in a culture.They are the innermost “skin of the onion.”6.People from some cultures may lower their gaze to convey respect, whereas thismay be understood as evading or even insulting in other cultures.7.Unbuttoning one’s coat is a sign of openness, friendliness or willingness to reachan agreement.8.In order for intercultural negotiation to be successful, the parties must provide fora win-lose situation.9.Edward Hall’s theory states that the four levels embody the total concept ofculture like an onion – symbols, heroes, rituals, and values.10.Successful intercultural business communication involves knowing theethnocentrisms of persons in other cultures. Understanding the mindsets of both oneself and the person of another culture will result in more efficient communication.11.Ethnocentrism is the belief that somebody else’s cultural background, includingways of analyzing problems, values, beliefs, language, and verbal and nonverbal communication, is better than our own.12.People in the United States place a greater emphasis on history and do not likechange as compared with people of Asian and Latin cultures.13.When dealing with German business people, you should avoid jokes and otherforms of humor during the actual business sessions.14.In the business circle, American business people use first names immediately.panies should avoid sending female employees to the Middle East, as inArab countries men may refuse to work with women.16.In Southeast Asia, you should avoid presenting your business card with your righthand.17.When accepting a business card, German business people carefully look at thecard, observe the title and organization, acknowledge with a nod that they have digested the information, and perhaps make a relevant comment or ask a polite question.18.The OK sign may be interpreted as asking for money by Japanese businesspeople.19.Nonverbal communication is important to the study of interculturalcommunication because a great deal of nonverbal behavior speaks a universallanguage.20.In short, intercultural communication competence requires sufficient awarenessknowledge, motivations, and skills. Each of these components alone is sufficient to achieve intercultural communication competence.II.Translation: Translate the following Chinese terms into English and English terms into Chinese.（每题1分，共20分）1. stereotypes2. paralanguage3. ethnocentrism4. masculinity5. high-context culture6. monochronic time7. speech act 8. conversation taboos9. vocal qualifiers 10. power distance11. 译码12. 偏见13. 文化震惊14. 不确定性回避15. 概念意义16. 语用错误17. 礼貌原则18. 归纳法19. 空间语言20. 礼仪与礼节III.Multiple Choice: Choose the ONE appropriate answer.（每题1分，共20分）1. Understanding another culture ________.a.enables businesspeople to know why foreign associates believe and actas they dob.is best achieved through “do’s and don’ts” listsc.is important for businesspeople because they can appear to be betterinformedd.isn’t necessary for businesspeople2. Non-linear languages ______.a.are object orientedb.see time as a continuum of present, past and futurec.are circular, tradition oriented and subjectived.lead to short-range planning in business practices3. Which statement about values is incorrect?a. V alues are social principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in aculture.b. V alues are learned by contacts with family members, teachers, andreligious leaders.c. V alues will be influenced by what is seen on television or read innewspapers.d. People in various cultures have basically similar values.4. People from cultures that follow the monochronic time system tend toa. do one thing at a time.b. be committed to people.c. borrow and lend things often.d. build lifetime relationships.5. Which statement regarding haptics is incorrect?a. In Thailand, it is offensive to touch the head.b. Japan is considered a "don't touch" culture.c. Greece is considered a "touch" culture.d. In Latin American countries, touching between men is unacceptable.6. The opinion that everyone has a position and clearly defined privileges is _____.a. a view of hierarchical structure of social relationshipb. a view of group orientation structure of social relationshipc. a view of individual orientation structure of social relationshipd.none of the above7. General guidelines to follow when conversing with someone from anotherculture include all of the following except:a. politics is a safe topic in most cultures.b. avoid telling jokes.c. avoid personal questions.d. keep the conversation positive.8. Which statement best describes an incorrect handshake?a. In the U.S., a handshake should be firm.b. An Asian handshake is usually gentle.c. Germans repeat a brusque handshake upon arrival and departure.d. A British handshake is firm and repeated frequently.9. Which statement referring to thought patterns is incorrect?a. Asians typically use the inductive method of reasoning.b. Thought patterns impact oral communication.c.When using the deductive method of reasoning, one starts with the factsand goes to generalizations.d. Recognizing different thought patterns is important in negotiation withdifferent cultures.10. Which statement is incorrect?a. Costly business blunders are often the result of a lack of knowledge ofanother culture's nonverbal communication patterns.b. Processes of reasoning and problem solving are the same in all cultures.c.Attitudes toward time and use of space convey nonverbal messages inintercultural encounters.d.When in another culture, an appropriate caution would be to watch thebehavior of the persons you are talking with and match their style.nguage is important because it _____a.helps us shape concepts, controls how we think, and controls how weperceive others.b.allows us to be understood by foreigners.c.is determined by colonialism.d.is stable, easily understood, and free of diversity.12. Which of the following countries uses high-context language?a.Canadab.Germanyc.Japand.United States13. Slang is generally _____a.understood by everyone.b.spoken by the masses.c.easily translated.ed by subgroups.14. Nonverbal communication does not include _____a. chromatics.b. chronemics.c.haptics.d. semantics.15. Dominance, harmony, and subjugation are all value orientations that correspond to which of the following cultural problems?a.What is the nature of human beings?b.What is the relationship of humans to nature?c.What is the orientation of humans to time?d.What is the human orientation to activity?16. Proverbs are significant to the study of intercultural communicationbecause_______.a.they provide a compact description of a culture’s valuesb.they tell a great deal about what a culture praises and what it rejectsc.they unite a people with the wisdom of their ancestorsd.all of the above17. Which statement highlights weak uncertainty avoidance?a. One group's truth should not be imposed on others.b. Scientific opponents cannot be personal friends.c. Citizen protest should be repressed.d. Negative attitudes are expressed toward young people.18. The main idea of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is thatnguage is just a device for reporting a person's experience.b.two languages can represent the same social reality.c.the social reality can be conveyed to a person who does not speak thelanguage.nguage functions as a way of shaping a person's experience.19. Many multinational firms find that cultural shock can be alleviated bya. sending only top executives abroad.b. sending only young, single associates on overseas assignments.c. testing associates to see who is most qualified.d. selecting employees for overseas assignments who possess certainpersonal and professional qualifications.20. Which of the following statement is incorrect?a.Knowing cultural variations in the use of silence is helpful whenconversing with persons in another culture.b.We need to keep things in perspective and not get offended each time wedeal with someone who has a different attitude toward touchingc.Good advice when communicating with persons in other cultures is tokeep gestures to a minimumd.Although oral communication varies from culture to culture, non-verbalcommunication is almost always interpreted the same in each culture.IV.Answer the following essay question. (共20分)Compare and contrast the following proverbs from two different cultures: “It is the duck that squawks that gets shot”and “The squeaky wheel gets the grease.” How do people from these cultures perceive silence and talk? In light of their different perceptions, how might they view each other? What problems might arise in their interactions?V.Case Analysis: Analyze the following conversation from an intercultural perspective.(共20分)The following conversation took place between two Chinese friends.A: We’re going to New Orleans this weekend.B: What fun! I wish we were going with you. How long are you going to be there?A: Three days.B: Do you need a ride to the airport? I’ll take you.A: Are you sure it’s not too much trouble?B: No, no. It’s no trouble at all.Case Analysis: Analyze the following conversation from an intercultural perspective.参考答案及评分标准A卷VI.True-False: Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write T for “true” and F for “false”.（每题1分，共20分）1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. T7. T8. F9. F 10. T11. F 12. F 13. T 14.T 15. T 16. F 17. F 18. T 19. T 20. FVII.Translation: Translate the following Chinese terms into English and English terms into Chinese.（每题1分，共20分）1. stereotypes 定势/刻板印象2. paralanguage 辅助语言/副语言3. ethnocentrism 民族中心主义4. masculinity男性特征5. high-context culture高语境文化6. monochronic time单一时间观念7. speech act 言语行为8. conversation taboos对话禁忌9. vocal qualifiers 声音修饰10. power distance权力距离11. 译码 decoding 12. 偏见 prejudice13. 文化震惊cultural shock 14. 不确定性回避 uncertaintyavoidance15. 概念意义denotational meaning 16. 语用错误pragmatic failure17. 礼貌原则the Politeness Principle 18. 归纳法inductivepattern19. 空间语言spatial language/proximics 20. 礼仪与礼节etiquetteand protocolVIII.Multiple Choice: Choose the ONE appropriate answer.（每题1分，共20分）1. a2. a3. d4. a5. d6. a7. a8. d9. c 10. b11. a 12. c 13. d 14. d 15. b 16. d 17. a 18. d 19. d 20. dIX.Answer the following essay question. (共20分)测试重点：Compare and contrast the proverbs “It is the duck that squawks thatgets shot”and “The squeaky wheel gets the grease.”The former is an English proverbwhile the latter is a Chinese proverb. In light of their different perceptions, the twocultures might differ in terms of silence and talk etc. and problems might arise in theirinteractions.评分标准：从以上角度进行分析，其他根据具体答题情况酌情。

1 s2 m3 q4 k5 j6 t7 o8 n9e 10 p11 h 12 a 13 l 14 c 15 r 16 d 17i 18g 19 b 20 f1 Interpretation refers to attaching meaning to sense data. The same situation can be interpreted quite differently by diverse people. The effect of culture is great. Applying these same cues to someone from another culture may not work. So people in the United States frequently err in guessing the age of Japanese individuals, such as judging a Japanese college student in mid-20s to be only 14 or 15.2 This case can reflect the differences between individualist culture and collectivist culture. Cultures characterized by collectivism emphasize relationships among people to a greater degree. Collectivist cultures stress interdependent activities and suppressing individual aims for the group’swelfare.3 This case can reflect the lack of idiomatic equivalence between two cultures is a barrier to successful translation. Language that are different often lack words that are directly translatable. This leads to the lack of vocabulary equivalence, which is one of the causes of translation problems.1. In the direct style, associated with individualism, the wants, needs, and desires of the speaker are embodied in the spoken message. In the indirect style, associated with collectivism, the wants, needs, and goals of the speaker are not obvious in the spoken message.2Translation problems usually arise when communicators speak different languages and hold different cultures. They are the lack of vocabulary equivalence, the lack of idiomatic equivalence, the lack of grammatical- syntactical equivalence, lack of experiential equivalence, the lack of conceptual equivalence.3. The use of silence in communication is different from culture to culture. Silence can communicate agreement, apathy, awe, confusion, contemplation, disagreement, embarrassment, obligation, regret, repressed hostility, respect, sadness, thoughtfulness, or any number of meanings. In eastern cultures, silence has long been regarded as a virtue. While in western cultures, silence has generally been considered socially disagreeable. To most people in the United States, silence means lack of attention and lack of initiative. To the Chinese, silence means agreement.假如你不了解另一种文化，在交际过程中就会很容易出现假定一致性。

《跨文化交际》复习题一、判断题1.思维方式是指人们的思维习惯或思维程序。

（）2.文化是人们先天就有的。

（）3.中国人思考问题的程序是从小到大，美国人思考问题的程序则是从大到小。

（）4.由于汉字象形的特点，这是造成中国人偏好形象思维的主要原因之一。

（）5.京剧讲究唱、念、作、打，这是中国人擅长分析思维的一个表现。

（）6.中国人偏好分析思维，英美人偏好综合思维。

（）7.中国人强调人与人的和谐、人与自然的和谐，而西方人则认为人与自然是对立的。

（）8.中国人习惯于形象思维，因此在文章中，特别喜欢用形象的词汇。

（）9.思维能力没有民族性，但思维方式有民族性。

（）10.价值观是跨文化交际的核心。

（）11.不同民族的价值观是有所不同的。

（）12.价值观很容易发生变化。

（）13.消极的价值观指的是一个人或一个文化群体必须坚持的价值观。

（）14.中国文化认为天人合一，西方认为认为天人相分。

（）15.在英语中，以self为前缀的单词有100多个，这说明英国人比较提倡个人主义。

（）16.在中国社会，异性之间的接触被认为是天经地义的。

（）17.中国人提倡个人利益服从群体利益，必要时可以牺牲个人利益。

（）18.中国人认为越是稳定，越是统一，越是进步，这说明中国文化求稳。

（）19.中国的主流文化主张性恶论。

（）20.西方文化认为一切行为必须在法律法规的范围内进行，否则就会被绳之以法。

这说明西方文化是性善论。

（）21.邻里、老乡属于业缘关系。

（）22.同事、同学、战友属于情缘关系。

（）23.朋友、恋人之间的关系属于血缘关系。

（）24.中国所处的自然地理位置决定了中国的农业文化特征，而西方的海洋环境决定了西方文化的商业性质。

（）25.西方崇尚民主政治，具有平等意识。

（）26.中国社会的人际关系以工具型为主要取向。

（）27.规则和规范是一回事。

（）28.在中国，给新婚夫妇送礼品忌讳送钟，因为送“钟”就是“送终”。

（）29.在日本，人们比较忌讳数字“13”。

跨文化交际期末考试复习题Define the following items：1.Culture: On the surface: customs and behaviorMore deeply: what the behavior and customs mean to the people whoare following themIn a word: Culture is all about meaningsHall: Culture is everything and everywheremunication：Communication is our ability to share our ideas and feelings. (thebasis of all human contact)3.intercultural communication：Intercultural communication is communication betweenpeople whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.intercultural communication refers to any communication between two members of any cultural communities。

4.high-context culture: In high-context messages, meaning is not necessarily contained inwords。

Information is provided through gestures，the use of space, and even silence。

international developments have made intercultural contact more pervasive (无处不在), theyA. new technology and information systemB. changes in the world’s populationC. a shift in the world’s economic arenaD. A, B and Chas evolved that lets societies share cultural experiences with one another as films are produced and shown around the world.A. Show businessB. .C. international film industryD. Mass mediain the United States, because they have been profoundly affected by population and immigration increases, are a primary setting for domestic intercultural contact.A. SchoolsB. CommunityC. WorkplaceD. club4. It is difficult to find a single definition of human communication because__D _ .A. the complex nature of communicationB. the issue of intentionalityC. the issue of unintentionalityD. A, B and C5. To Reusch and Bateson, communication often takes place ___A__.A. without awarenessB. consciouslyC. intentionallyD. deliberately6. Which of the statements of communication is not true A()A. Communication is dynamicB. Communication is symbolicC. Communication is Interpretive 7. Communication has a consequence means thatD__.A. Communication is irreversibleB. Our response to message does not have to be immediateC. The nature of our responses to messages is rooted in our culture 8. Which of the item is not the basic component of culture DA. ValuesB. EmotionsC. Personality 9. We learn our culture not through ______ .A. proverbsB. artC. mass media 10. Although many aspects of culture are subject to change, the majorA. historyB. the deep structureC. backgroundD. tradition11. __D __ i s at the core of intercultural communication.A. senderB. receiverC. cultureD. language12. Although cultures change through several mechanisms, which of the following item is not the three most commonA. DiffusionB. AcculturationC. Invention 13. One of the most difficult tasks for foreigners in learning a new language is learning the and _ in which they areA. different styles, the contextsB. grammar, accentC. different styles, the speech actsD. vocabulary, the pronunciation14. Language is accompanied by a continuous flow of nonverbal communication, which involves not only ___ but also ___ andA. the tone, gaze, postureB. the voice, the face, the bodyC. the pitch, gaze, gestureD. the pace, the distance, touch15. _B ___ is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data in a way that enables us to make sense of our physical and social world.A. InterpretationB. PerceptionC. AnalysisD. Understanding D. Communication is staticD. A, B and CD. AttitudesD. self-taught_______ of a culture resists D. Innovation16.The maps are usually drawn by putting one’s country in the center. This illustrates ___C___.A. MisinterpretationB. Racial biasC. EthnocentrismD. Stereotype17.Many stereotypes are provided by the __D ____ .A. School educationB. TextbookC. HistoryD. Mass media18.Cultural breakdowns, setbacks or conflicts result from misinterpretations, ethnocentrism, and stereotype as a result of B___.A. MisperceptionB. Racial biasC. MisunderstandingD. False impression19.___C__ are defined as “an enduring set of beliefs that serve to guide or direct our behavior”.A. LawsB. PerceptionsC. ValuesD. World views20.Which of the statements about cultural values is not true CA.Cultural values, as is the case with cultural beliefs, guide both perception and communication.B.Cultural values have nothing to do with individual values.C.Cultural values are prescriptive.D.Cultural values, once formed, are enduring and relatively stable.21.Which of the countries doesn’t belong to individualistic culture D()A. ItalyB. New ZealandC. FranceD. Greece22.In a high power distance culture, the superior tends to BA. treat employees respectfullyB. display his authorityC. interact with workers more oftenD. do important work23.Which of the statements about low uncertainty avoidance is not trueA. Divers population.B. Frequent innovations.C. Generally older countries with a long history.D. Citizens are proud of nation.24.Which of the following countries or region of no feminine traits DA. NorwayB. FinlandC. DenmarkD. Austrianguage ____ culturalA. ExpressesB. EmbodiesC. InfluencesD. Symbolizes26.It is a universal truth that language is ___ b y culture and in turn it ______ c ulture. BA. influenced, reflectsB. displayed, influencesC. determined, reflectsD. shaped, influencesnguage is the _____ representation of a people, and it comprises their historical and cultural backgrounds as well as their approach to life and their ways of living andA. PrescriptiveB. AbstractC. SubstantialD. Symbolic28.Which of the contextual cues do not matter in a high-context culture AA.The type of relationship that exists between the speaker and the listener.B.The coded, explicit message.C.Age relative to the speaker and the listener.D.Where is the communication taking place29.The low-context culture doesn’t have which of theA.Tends to develop transitory personal relationship.B.Tends to use "logic" to present ideas.C.Tends to give simple, ambiguous, non-contexting messages.D.Values individualism.30.The following advantages of high-context culturedon’t include A. it saves us making many trivial decisions;B.it allows for great flexibility, adaptability and originality;C.roles tend to be clear;D.group projects and team efforts tend to be practicable and effective.31.People from cultures that prefer “high involvement” styles tend to__A _____ .A.expect to be interruptede polite listening soundC.give plenty of positive and respectful responses to their conversation partnersD.speak one at a time32.People from “high considerateness” cultures are often thought to be _ B___.A. loudB. passiveC. chattyD. pushy33.One way to determine whether a culture favors a direct or indirect style in communication isA .A. How they say, “No.”B. How they invite people.C. How they teach people.D. How they accept people.34.In 2010, the Easter is on ___A ____ .A. 4th, April , April C. 2nd, April D. 6th, April35.Which of the communication style can’t be characterized as high consideratenessAA. ChineseB. JapaneseC. Mainstream AmericanD. RussianDefine the following concept. (4 points for each of the 5 items)(1)Culture (2) Acculturation (3) Stereotype (4) Value (5) Uncertainty avoidance(6) Communication (7) Innovation (8) Perception (9) Ethnocentrism(10) Intercultural communication (11) Power distance (12) high-context True or false.(1)( F ) Cultural generalizations must be viewed not as approximations ( 接近)0£ reality, but as absolute representations.(2)(T ) Domestic contacts are increasing because new immigrants and co-cultures are growing in numbers.(3)( F ) Our response to message has to be immediate.(4)( T ) It is always possible to share our feelings and experiences by means of direct mind-to-mind contact.(5)( T ) Culture is a problem of nurture instead of nature, that is one’s cultural patterns are acquired through learning or interacting, or they are determined by the environment within which we live.(6)( F ) Misinterpretations do result every time members from two cultures communicate.(7)( F ) Ethnocentrism is usually learned at the conscious level.(8)( F) Low uncertainty avoidance cultures tend to have a less efficient infrastructure than high uncertainty avoidance cultures.(9)( T ) China, Korea, Japan, Latin America, and to a certain extent, France, are considered to be high-context cultures.(10)( T ) In the mainstream American culture, the ideal form of communication includes being direct rather than indirect.(11)( T)Communication is an activity that affects people and other people.(12)(T )New technology, and growth in the world’s populationhave contributed to increased international contacts.(13)(F ) All cultures use symbols, but they rarely assign their own meanings to them.(14)( T ) Communication can be retrieved.(15)( ) Patterns of culture are inherent with individual, that is, they are genetically passed down from previous generations.(16)( ) Perceptions for the same object, behavior or event are always universal.(17)( ) To understand other people we must go into their perceptual world and try to experience reality in the same manner as they do.(18)( T ) The Arabic-speaking nations, Latin America, Russia, and nearly all of Asia (especially India and China) are high power distance.(19)( ) Language is influenced and shaped by culture; it reflects culture.(20)( F ) Mainstream American conversation style would also be characterized as “high involvement”, although it differs significantly from the various Asian patterns.(21)( ) We are captives of our culture, though it offers us a common frame of reference.(22)( ) We study other cultures from the perspective of our own culture, so our observations and our conclusion are tainted by our personal and cultural orientations.(23)( ) Because we do not have direct access to the thoughts and feelings of others, we can’t infer what they are experiencing.(24)( ) There are rules for speakers to follow as to how messages are constructed and interpreted.(25)( ) Only when we are deprived of our own culture or put into a completely new culture can we realize the importance of culture to us.(26)( ) Stereotype refers to an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitude towards another group of people.(27)( ) The assumption of similarity is one of the biggest promotions in intercultural communication.(28)( T) Countries or regions with masculine traits are Ireland, the Philippines, Greece, South Africa, Austria, Japan, Italy, and Mexico.(29)( ) Low context communication saves us making many trivial decisions.(30)( F) For Americans, two or three seconds of silence can be comfortable.1.三个国际的发展作出了跨文化联系更普遍的 (无处不在)，他们是。