人民大学2005考博英语样题及答案解析WMx

2005年福建医大考博英语真题Part I. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: Read the following five passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneMost American women know regular Pap smears cut the risk of cervical cancer, but that doesn’t mean they go in to get the test. Half the women who develop the disease haven’t had a Pap test for three years. But a new test may one day offer a user—friendlier alternative. Two studies in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association report that a DNA test detects cervical cancer just as well as Pap smears do. Better yet, women can collect samples for the test themselves. The Pap smear has caused a fivefold drop in cervical cancer since 1960s. But since a doctor must take the smear during a pelvic exam, women who don’t have access to gynecologists aren’t screened. So a self-collected test could be good news for patients, like the 1,365 South Africans in one of the JAMA studies. They collected their own vaginal samples on swabs. Samples were sent to the United States, where a DNA test caught 66 percent of the women’s cervical cancers; 68 percent were detected by Pap smears. And when doctors collected the samples, that study, and a second one of Costa Rican women, found that DNA tests actually caught more cancers than Pap smears.Does this mean women can bid farewell to the Pap test? Probably not. Doctors think cervical cancer is caused by the transmitted human papilloma virus. The DNA test detects genetic material from 13 forms of it, which are found in 96 percents who have cervical cancer. But most young women who have papilloma virus don’t actually develop cancer. So the test can cause false alarms. DNA tests could prove useful for older women, though. Most women fight off the virus before they turn 40. If they don’t, they’re more likely to get cervical cancer. But they’re also less likely to get Pap smears because many stop visiting gynecologists after childbearing age, and the test gets more uncomfortable. So a quick, self-collected test could cut cervical cancer rates: “If we could make screening as easy as a urine test at the doctor’s office, we would get more coverage,” says Thomas Wright, lead author of the South African study and associate professor of Pathology at Columbia. Though true home testing awaits FDA approval and could be years away, general practitioners could administer the test, too.Detection is one thing; treating cervical cancer is another. Doctors recently announced that a combination of radiation and chemotherapy can cut the risk of death 30 to 50 percent. And researchers hope to someday prevent papilloma infections: “Ultimately, vaccines will be the best way we prevent cervical cancer worldwide,” Wright predicts. But for now, the DNA test could help mainly in countries that can afford the $6 billion the United States spends on Pap screening every year. But there’s one important caveat: a new test will be useful only if patients can get medical treatment afterward.1. The Pap smear __________________________.A)has caused a fivefold drop in cervical cancer since the 1960sB)caught 66 percent of the women’s cervical cancersC)Caught more cancers than the DNA TestD)Is very convenient for women to do self-examination2. Why the DNA test cannot replace Pap smear?A)Doctors think cervical cancer is caused by the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus.B)The DNA test detects genetic material from 12 forms of papillooma virus, which arefound in 96 percent of patients who have cervical cancer.C)Most young women who have papilloma virus don’t actually develop cancer.D)The DNA test can cause false alarms.3. Which of the following statement is not correct?A)Home DNA test has not yet been approved by DNA.B)DNA tests could prove useful for older women. Most women fight off the virus beforethey turn 40.C)Doctors recently announced that a combination of radiation and chemotherapy can curecervical cancer.D)The DNA test could help mainly in countries that can’t afford the $6 billion theUnited States spends on Pap screening every year.Passage TwoAlthough language is used to transmit information, the informative functions of language are fused with older and deeper functions so that only a small portion of our everyday speech can be described as purely informative. The ability to use language for strictly informative purposes was probably developed relatively late in the course of linguistic evolution. Long before that time, our ancestral species probably made the sorts of cries animals do to express feelings of hunger, fear, loneliness, and the like. Gradually these noises seem to have become more differentiated, transforming the cries into language as we know it today.Although we have developed language in which accurate reports may be given, we still use language as vocal equivalents of gestures such as crying in pain. When words are used as the vocal equivalent of expressive gestures, language is functioning in pre-symbolic ways. These pre-symbolic uses of language coexist with our symbolic system, so that the talking we do in everyday life is a thorough blending of symbolic and pre-symbolic language.What we call social conversation is mainly pre-symbolic in character. When we are at a large social gathering, for example, we all have to talk. It is typical of these conversations that, except among very good friends, few of the remarks made have any informative value. We talk together about nothing at all and thereby establish a relationship.There is a principle at work in the selection of the subject matter we deem appropriate for social conversation. Since the purpose of this kind of talk is the establishment of communion, we are careful to select subjects about which agreement is immediately possible. With each new agreement, no matter how commonplace, the fear and suspicion of the stranger wear away, and the possibility of friendship emerges. When further conversation reveals that we have friends or political views orartistic values or hobbies in common, a friend is made, and genuine communication and cooperation can begin.4. The author uses the term “pre-symbolic language” to mean ______________________.A)language used between friendsB)language that lacks an elaborate grammatical structureC)nonverbal expressions used in communicatingD)language that does not convey specific information5. The primary value of pre-symbolic language for humans is that it ___________________.A)Is common to all languages rather than unique to any one languageB)Permits and aids the smooth functioning of interpersonal relationshipsC)Helps us understand and express our emotionsD)Allows for a desirable amount of social mobility6. The most crucial difference between pre-symbolic and symbolic language lies in the____________.A)origin and developmental path of each mode in linguistic evolutionB)degree to which each mode may be accompanied by expressive gesturesC)purposes served by each modeD)clarity each mode makes possiblePassage ThreeIn the ultrasound clinic, Suzie Woods stared at the screen in front of her. The sonographer pressed the foetal probe over her abdomen, already stretched into a taught little mound by months of pregnancy. “There are two embryos on the screen,” he told her. “No, no, there should only be one,” Suzie insisted, her eyes now fixed intently on his. “Look, I’ll show you,” he said. “There are two hearts beating on the screen.”“That moment,” recalls Suzie, “would have to have been the most electric of my life. I was absolutely ecstatic that these two gorgeous little people were all mine. “Suzie and the twins—Simon and Sabrina, now seven months—are part of an international population explosion, a twin boom in Western developed societies.Reluctant to interrupt satisfying careers, women are having babies later in life and increasingly using fertility treatments. These two factors mean Australian mothers are having more twins than ever before. In 1998, 3,592 sets of twins were born in Australia, a 25 percent increase on the figure of 2,871 just 10 years earlier. This is despite static figures for the total number of births in 1988 and 1998. And the trend to multiple births shows no sign of abating. King George V hospital in the inner Sydney suburb of Camperdown, for instance, has just beaten its own record: 68 twins were born in the past six months—an increase of 40 percent on the previous six months, says the director of obstetrics, Dr. Andrew Child. Overseas, the number of twins born in the United States has doubled since 1980 and a similar, though more moderate, trend is evident in Britain, where twins as a proportion of all births are up a third since 1982.A twin industry has been spawned, especially in the U.S., where you can now have your baby delivered by a specialist twin obstetrician and looked after by specialist nannies. There are 10 US magazine title aimed at the parents of twins and at least three dozen books, along with twin strollers ans a whole range of other specialized goods. In Australia, there is a new acceptance of the problems confronting the parents of twins, and mothers of twins leaving hospital have access to an ever-widening circle of support and services. The NSW Multiple Birth Association has mushroomed from one support group of three mothers to 34 clubs across the State in just 10 years.Most are bristling with activity, regularly sending newsletters and social calendars to parents, holding information evenings and support groups, and offering hotlines, a library service and even advice on what brand of twin stroller mothers should buy. More importantly, these groups are as generous with camaraderie as practical advice. “Often it was quicker to ring the Multiple Birth Association than look up the baby manual,” says Suzie, who soon discovered that the euphoria at having twins was followed by a whole caravan of complications after they arrived.7. Why the Australian mothers are having more chances to have twins than ever before?A)Career women do not want to have babies early because they enjoy satisfying professionsor they have to work for a living.B)Australian women are born to have genetic capabilities to bear twins.C)Australian women are strong and fertile comparatively.D)Australian women prefer to use fertilizer in pregnancy.8. The author mentioned Suzie Woods at the beginning of the article to __________________.A)make his article sound catchyB)express how ecstatic Suzie was when she knew she had two embryosC)portray the following topic of the articleD)condemn the twin boost in the western countries9. What is the fact of Australia’s twin boom, according to the passage?A)In 1998, 3,592 sets of twins were born in Australia, a 25 percent increase on thefigure of 2,871 just 10 years earlier.B)The trend to multiple births shows no sign of declining.C)68 twins were born in the past six-months in King George V Hospital in the inner Sydneysuburb of Camperdown, which is an increase of 40 percent on the previous six months.D)All of the above.10.Which of the following statement is NOT true about U.S. according to the passage?A)There are many magazines and books aimed at the parents of twins in U.S.B)There is a new acceptance of the problems confronting the parents of twins, and mothersof twins leaving hospital have access to an ever-widening circle of support and services.C)Parents can have their babies delivered by a specialist twin obstetrician and lookedafter by specialist nannies.D)The number of twins born in the United States has doubled since 1980.Passage FourUntil recently doctors were taught that the human body lives in homeostasis, changing little during the day. The science of chronobiology—the study of how time affects life —is sparking a medical revolution by revealing how much our bodies change through circadian (daily) rhythms.These natural biological rhythms are as vital as our heart beat. By learning their secrets, we are discovering new ways to prevent and cure illness. There isn’t a function in your body that doesn’t have its own rhythm.While you sleep, your blood pressure falls, our temperature drops more than a degree from its daily afternoon high, and some blood pools in your body’s extremities. Come morning, the body has to “jump start” itself from its sleeping to waking stages with a surge of excitation chemicals calls catecholamines. Heart rate increases and blood vessels constrict, raising blood pressure and reducing blood flow to heart muscle; this might cause ischemia, or angina, as well as sudden death from myocardial infarction. If hardened plaques of cholesterol coat arteries, fragments may break loose, causing the clots that lead to heart attacks.When a leap from bed and a surge of catecholamines combine to “get your blood moving”, your blood is near its daily peak in thickness and tendency to clot. Packing kids off to school and rushing to get ready for work add emotional tension to the physical stress.This circadian cardiovascular risk comes not from your bedside clock but from your interior biological clock. Whatever hour you get up, your peak risk of myocardial infarction will come within two to three hours after awakening.The master timekeepers in our bodies help synchronize us with such outside cycles asday and night. Like orchestra conductors, they coordinate hundreds of functions inside us. Our body dances through the day to complex inner rhythms of rising and falling tides of hormones, immune cells, electrolytes and amino acids.Most people enjoy a peak in short-term memory and mental quickness in the late-morning hours until shortly afternoon. Then a measurable dip in energy and efficiency begins around 1 p.m. In some Mediterranean cultures, shops close during the afternoon for a period of siesta.In the afternoon, exercise endurance, reaction time and manual dexterity are at their highest. Some research indicates that from then until early evening, athletes put in their best performances. From 6:30 p.m. until 8:30 p.m. is the sharpest time of day for long-term memory, an optimal time to study.Our daily rhythms can bring a dark side to the evening, however. These hours include a second daily peak in heart attacks, although smaller than the morning’s. Around 7 p.m., alcohol takes longer to be cleared by your liver, and hence can be more intoxicating and performance-impairing than at other times of day—except 11 p.m. which brings a second peak of high ethanol susceptibility.Students often cram during late-night and early-morning hours. Research, however, shows this is the time of the circadian cycle when long-term memory, comprehension and learning are at their worst.Sensitivity to pain has generally increased throughout the day; it reaches its peak late at night. But by early morning the body may have doubled its night time levels of beta endorphins, which help relieve pain. Researchers theorize that this is what increases the body’s pain tolerance during the hours after awakening.For most of us, sleep is a time of life renewal. Within the first 90 minutes or so of sleep, we reach our daily peak of growth hormone, which may help regenerate our bodies.By understanding our body clocks, we can improve our health and continue to foster our survival. Without grasping, for instance, that our natural temperature rises one to two degrees from morning until evening, we could misjudge thermometer readings, A temperature of 99 degrees might signal perfect health at 5 p.m. but augur illness at 7 a.m.The effects of drugs are also subject to our rhythms. For instance, many doctors are learning to give powerful cancer drugs with the patient’s biological clocks in mind. A given chemotherapy drug may be highly toxic to the kidneys at one time of day, for example, and far less harmful at another.By turning the cycles of your biological clock in your favor, you may reduce your daily danger and increase your days of life.11.No matter what hours you get up, sudden rise from bed ___________________.A)brings energy to one’s morning workB)should help form a good habitC)may cause heat attacksD)increases heart rate to normal action12.The passage advises that to improve our health, it is essential to ___________________.A)avoid sitting up lateB)do the right thing at the right timeC)get up as soon as the bedside clock gives alarmD)understand our body clock13.In the author’s opinion, physical stress should be avoided _________________________.A)as soon as you awakeB)two to three hours after awakeningC)around 1 p.m.D)in the late evening14.If you want to take some pills to kill your pain, you’d better take them____________________.A)after lunchB)before going to bedC)in the early morningD)late at night15.According to the passage, it is harmful to ______________________.A)do morning exercise at about 6 o’clockB)neglect the doctor’s advice about the time to take drugsC)go to sleep again after awakeningD)do memory work in the late-morning hoursPassage FiveAs a person now publicly identified with the movement to reform our drug laws through the use of some form of decriminalization, I consider it very important to say that I am not soft on either drug use or drug dealers. I’m a soldier in the war against drugs. I spent years prosecuting and jailing drug dealers, and had one of the highest rates of imprisonment for drug convictions in the country. And if I were still State’s Attorney, I would be enforcing the law as vigorously as ever. My experience as a prosecutor did not in any way alter my passionate dislike for drug dealers, it simply convinced me that the present system doesn’t work and can’t be made to work.As State’s Attorney, I was confronted daily with the victims of our drug crimes, who for the most part are ignored by the opponents of drug decriminalization. One of my most painful duties as State’s Attorney was prosecuting drug dealers who injured and sometimes killed police officers. In Baltimore, as in so many other cities, our police officers and plan-clothes agents serve with distinction and uncommon bravery. Their work is dangerous and needs to be highly commended. But that is no reason to ignore common sense. The end-game in the war on drugs is not less supply or mo0re jails, or even the death penalty. It’s less profit and less demand—and that will only come about through increased efforts at treatment and prevention.A good general does not pursue a strategy in the face of overwhelming evidence of failure. Instead, a good general changes from a losing strategy to one that exploits his enemy’s weakness while exposing his own troops to only as much danger as is required to win. The drug dealers can be beaten and the public health of the United States can be improved if we’re willing to substitute common sense for myth and blind persistence.16. The central argument of the passage about the drug problem is weather _____________________.A) decriminalization will be accepted by the publicB) the authorities are firm and determined on drug useC) the police officers are dedicated to their dutiesD) a reform in policy should be enforced17. Throughout the passage the author shows his concern over ______________________.A) the appeal to the lawfulness of drug additionB) the lives of those who fight at the forefront against drug dealersC) his reputation as an experienced soldier in the war against drugsD) drug dealers at large who are prosecuted and jailed18. The end-game (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to ___________________________.A) the end purposeB) the final endeavorC) the decisive strategyD) the last moment decision19. According to the passage, the aim to be achieved in the fight against drugs is ___________________.A) to cut off the supply of drugs and severely punish drug dealersB) to take every measure to prevent people from taking drugsC) to make drugs less demanded and less profitableD) to offer medical treatment to the victims of drug crimes20. It can be inferred from the passage that drug decriminalization ______________________.A) will encourage drugs abuseB) has caused much controversyC) has proved to be a happy solutionD) will encounter attacks from drug dealersPart II Vocabulary ( 15% )Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. Choose the one that best complete the sentence. And write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.21. The effort ___________ skepticism from psychologists who find it frivolous.A) protests B) proportions C) provokes D) proposes22. As my father is not ___________ with the language, he has asked me to assume the roleof private secretary and meet you on his behalf.A) lounged B) logged C) acquainted D) omitted23. He had an ___________ habit of emptying ash trays out of his upstairs window onto ourdoor step.A) objectionable B) afflicting C) uneducated D) offending24. The jury ___________ him for having committed the robbery and he was then sentenced tofive years’ imprisonment.A) accused B) charged C) acquitted D) convicted25. The plan was _____________ when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.A) resigned B) abandoned C) released D) redeemed26. When people have their basic needs satisfied, they begin to think of other things to fulfilltheir life ____________.A) necessities B) requirements C) appreciations D) expectations27. The awards for the job include a competitive tax-free salary, ___________ educationalassistance plan and high standard of free accommodation and utilities.A) triumphant B) trivial C) terrific D) timid28. It was manifest that ____________ red light of day did not come from the sun.A) wary B) weird C) waxy D) weary29. He could scarcely resist taking another drink of the delicious wine, but remembering thedoctor’s advice, he _________________.A) refrained B) withdrew C) avoided D) retreated30 the outflow of professionals to rich countries may create a severe bottleneck in thedevelopment of the ___________ technology in our country.A) excellent B) marvelous C) splendid D) sophisticated31. This legislation also limited the workday of children between 14 and 18 years of age to12 hours, with an ___________ of 2 hours for meals and rest.A) intervention B) intermission C) interruption D) intersection32. The doctor promised that this medicine would ____________ the pain in the stomach.A) affirmed B0 agitated C) alleviate D) allocate33. The idea of a balanced diet is very difficult to ____________ anyone who knows nothingabout food values.A) give up B) take in C) put across D) make over34. He was sent to hospital as a big nail __________ through the sole of his shoe, right intohis foot.A) pierced B) pinched C) pursued D) radiated35. The officer inspected our passports and travel papers and ____________ us because ourvacation certificates were missing.A) contained B) sustained C0 detained D) retained36. The question of ___________ agent is still under consideration and we hope that you willcontinue your efforts in pushing the sale of our product at present stage.A) creative B) exclusive C) intensive D) perspective37. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the ___________ ofmaturity.A) fulfillment B) achievement C) establishment D) accomplishment38. Jim’s plans to go to college ____________ at the last moment, which depre4ssed him verymuch.A) fell out B) gave away C) gave off D) fell through39. With the change of the economic foundation the entire immense superstructure is____________ rapidly transformed.A) more or less B) anything but C) at large D) any more40. It was clear that the small grocer was _____________ people he owed money to.A) at the expense of B) at the risk ofC) in the way of D) at the mercy of41. At first the institute refused to purchase the telescope, but this decision was____________ revised.A) subsequently B) occasionally C) consequently D) successively42. The _____________ employer is the person who will, later on, be your boss in the company.A) proximate B) prospective C) preventable D) proficient43. An enlarged prostate may ____________ the bladder and pinch off the urethra, causing painand difficulty with urination.A) collaborate B) compress C) bother D) boil44. Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which ___________ themthe rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.A) deprives B) restricts C) denies D) rejects45. Due to their considerable comfortable environment and manner of self-service, people feelmore relaxed and ____________ at such place.A) casual B) frank C) fraudulent D) financial46. If anyone is found _____________ he will be removed from his present position.A) inept B) ingenious C) acquisitive D) admirable47. The reference she made to her friend, the poet, was interesting but too __________ foranyone to appreciate.A) drastic B) dull C) distinct D) obscure48. Our attitude toward our teachers should be ___________, but not slavish or superstitious.A) respectable B) respected C) respective D) respectful49. Some people either ____________ avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral aboutthem.A) violently B) deliberately C) sincerely D) properly50. The managing director promised that he would ___________ me as soon as he had any furtherinformation.A) communicate B) notice C) notify D) notePart III Cloze Test ( 10%)Directions: Read the following passage. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Since World War II, considerable advances have been made in the area of health-care services. These include better 51 to health care (particularly for the poor and minorities), improvements in physical plants, and increased numbers of physicians and other health 52 . All have played a part in the recent improvement in life 53 . But there is mounting criticism of the large 54 gaps in access, unrestrained cost inflation, the further fragmentation of service excessive indulgence in 55 high-technology “gadgeteering and a 56 in doctor-patient relationships. In recent years proposed panaceas and new programs, small and large, have proliferated at a feverish 57 and disappointments 58 at almost the same rate. This has led to an increased 59 --“everything has been tried and nothing works”–which sometimes 60 on cynicism or even nihilism.This pessimism, in part, 61 from expecting too much 62 health care. It must be realized that care is, for most people, a 63 experience, often 64 by fear and unwelcome results. Although there is vast room for improvement, health care will always 65 some unpleasantness and frustration. 66 , the 67 of medical science are limited. Humpty-Dumpty cannot always be 68 together again. Too many physicians are reluctant to admit their limitations to patients; too many patients and families are unwilling to accept such realities. Nor is it true that everything has been tried and nothing works.The fact is, except for the most 69 and dedicated, there were no incentives to seek change or to practice self-restraint or frugality. In this 70 , it is not fair to condemn as failures all attempted experiments; it may be more accurate to say many never had a fair trial.51. A) stress B) excess C) access D) process52. A) staff B) workforce C) trainee D) personnel53. A) expectancy B) expectation C) expansion D) expenditure54. A) dominating B) remaining C) existing D) prevailing55. A) useful B) lawful C) wasteful D) trustful56. A) breakdown B) turndown C) knockdown D) rundown57. A) step B) pace C) speed D) rate58. A) imply B) apply C) supply D) multiply59. A) pessimism B) optimism C) criticism D) enthusiasm。

2005考研英语真题答案2005年考研英语真题是众多考生备战考研的重要资料，通过对真题的分析和解答有助于我们更好地了解考试内容和提升自己的备考效果。

本文将为大家提供2005年考研英语真题的详细解答和答案解析。

Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishPartⅠ1. C) careful2. D) ordinary3. A) atomic4. C) basis5. B) divided6. A) as7. B) deceived8. C) rather9. D) for10. C) while11. A) when12. B) Efforts13. D) properties14. A) impact15. D) currently PartⅡ16. C) provide17. B) evidence18. D) starves19. A) reluctance20. D) In essence21. A) challenges22. B) general23. C) simply24. B) wrong25. C) threatening Part Ⅲ26. C) and27. B) ideas28. C) themselves29. D) preferred30. A) taking31. D) promising32. B) until33. A) establish34. D) do35. B) experiencePart Ⅳ36. manufacturing37. frustrated38. challenge39. squeezed40. neglectedSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart A41. B) it changes the basic nature of desire.42. D) They create desires and then satisfy them.43. C) the dominance of external objects in consumption.44. D) People always have an inclination to desire more.45. A) They relate it to practical achievements.46. C) They are awakening new needs through advertising.47. A) have realized the importance of desires.48. C) Industrialization plays an important role in consumption.49. B) It encourages people to prefer material things.50. D) about people's dependence on the moods of desire.Part B51. C) The reform of the educational system.52. D) The persisting inequality between urban and rural areas.53. A) They believed that ordinary people would succeed.54. C) Encouraging the population to seek further education.55. A) Hesitations over the potential rewards from education.56. B) Recognize the importance of promoting social equality.57. D) Settle for whatever they could achieve through labor.58. B) The disappointment caused by the success of a few individuals.59. A) The rapid advancement of society.60. D) Lack of educational opportunity for all groups.Part C61. D) Enhancing their chances of winning at slots.62. C) Their potential generosity towards others.63. D) They believe they can exert control over the outcome.64. A) They were given money unambiguous control.65. C) The belief in luck.66. B) greater likelihood of gambling.67. A) It is independent of people's social and educational backgrounds.68. D) Information obtained from research.69. B) The spread of gambling.70. D) Life chances in general.Section Ⅲ WritingPart Ⅳ Translation71. TranslationThis year, China's economic reforms have made remarkable achievements. The country's GDP has increased steadily, and people's lives have significantly improved. However, we should not ignore the environmental problems that have arisen in the process of economic development. For example, air pollution and water pollution have become increasingly serious. In order to achieve sustainable development, the Chinese government has implemented a series of measures to address these issues. It has invested heavily in environmental protection projects and enacted laws and regulations to hold polluters accountable. Additionally, the government has encouraged the use of clean energy and promoted green and low-carbon development. It is believed that with the joint efforts of the government and the public, China's environmental situation will gradually improve, and the people will be able to enjoy a better living environment.72. TranslationWith the rapid development of the Internet, online shopping has gained popularity among consumers. Compared to traditional shopping, online shopping offers convenience and flexibility. People can easily browse and compare products from different sellers and make purchases with just a few clicks. Online shopping also provides a wide range of choices, allowing consumers to find specific items that may not be available in local stores. Furthermore, online shopping often offers discounts and promotional deals, making it a cost-effective option. However, there are also potential risks associated with online shopping, such as the quality of products, the security of personal information, and the reliability of sellers. Therefore, consumers should be cautious and take necessary precautions when making online purchases.以上是2005年考研英语真题的详细解答和答案解析，通过对真题的研究和分析，我们可以更好地了解考试内容和备考重点，从而提高备考效果。

2005年GCT英语真题及答案解析Part One Vocabulary and StructureDirections:There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line though the center.1. To speed _______ your entry, please bring your Admission Card with you.A. upB. onC. cutD. down2. More thunderstorms _______ in summer than any other time of the year.A. happenedB. have happenedC. happenD. will happen3. Experts say the space rock is probably _______ more than U.S.$30,000.A. weightyB. costlyC. valuableD. worth.4. Susan will come to watch him _______ at Wimbledon this week.A. playedB. playC. to playD. playing5. Children don’t _______ understand what are reciting, but gradually it will have in impact on thinking.A. playedB. playC. to playD. playing6. Every year, thousands of college students apply for the CCTV Cup English Speech _______.A. ArgumentB. QuarrelC. DebateD. Contest7. ________ shall we forget the day when we received the admission into Harvard University.A. No timeB. NeverC. No soonerD. Nonetheless8. The newly released movie was ________ as to arouse so much sensation among the young people.A. No timeB. NeverC. No soonerD. Nonetheless9. Today’s popular clothing chains ________ teenagers, who can be counted upon to change their tastes every 30 days.A. resort toB. attend toC. appeal toD. apply to10. There is going to be _______ time for people to assess whether or not we have made the right decision in this time of urgency.A. sufficientB. additionalC. efficientD. consequentPart Two Reading ComprehensionDirections:In this part there are three passages and one advertisement, each followed questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line though the center.Questions 11—15 are based on the following passage:The first ancient Olympics were held in 776 B.C. The games got their name from Olympia, the Greek city where they took place. Like the summer Olympics of today, the ancient Olympics were held every four years.Thousands of people from all over the Greek world came to watch. The main stadium held about 45,000 people. “We have accounts of visitor and pilgrims setting up tents all around the site.” Lisa Cerrato of Tufts University said.During the first Olympics, there was only one competition—a 200-meter race. But over time the games grew to include wrestling, chariot racing, boxing, and other sports. Women were not allowed to compete, but they had their own separate games.“The ancient athlete became celebrities(名人), just like today. They often lived the rest of their lives being treated to free dinners.” Cerrato said, “City-states even tried to steal away each other’s athletes by offering them various awards.”The ancient Olympics existed until A.D.393. But the modern Olympics are still going strong.11. Where did the ancient Greeks hold their first Olympics?A. In AthensB. In OlympicsC. In a townD. In a state12. How did researchers know that ancient Greeks rushed to watch the Olympics?A. Thousands of people came to watch.B. The main stadium is still not big enough.C. They have found the related record of events.D. Many of them were visitor and pilgrims.13. What did women do since they were not allowed to participate in the Olympics?A. They stayed at home doing nothing.B. They organized protests in the city.C. They had their own games.D. They set up tents around the site.14. The ancient athletes must have felt honored when they ___________ .A. completed in a 200-meter race.B. wrestled with each otherC. read the accounts of the gamesD. received the treatment of free dinners15. It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that __________ .A. the ancient athletes liked to celebrate their victoriesB. free dinners were offered during the competitionC. city-states competed with each other to win the OlympicsD. awards were often stolen to honor the athletesQuestions 16—20 are based on the following passage:Why are mobiles so popular? Because people love to talk to each other. And it is easier with a mobile phone. In countries like Russia and China, people use mobile phone in places where there is no ordinary telephone. Business people use mobiles when they’re traveling. In some countries, like Japan, many people use their mobile phones to send e-mail message and access the Internet. They use a new kind of mobile phone called “i-mode”. You can even use a mobile phone listen to music.Mobile phones are very fashionable with teenagers. Parents buy mobile phones for their children. They can call home if they are in trouble and need help. So they feel safer. But teenagers mostly use them to keep in touch with their friends or play simple computer games. It’s cool to be the owner of a small expensive mobile. Research shows that teenage owners of mobile phone smoke less. Parents and schools are happy that teenagers are safer and smoke less.But many people dislike them. They hate it when the businessman opposite them on the train has a loud conversation on his phone. Or when mobile phones ring in a café or restaurant. But there is a much more serious problem. It’s possible that mobile phone can heat up the brain because we hold the phone so closed to our bead. Scientists fear that mobiles can perhaps be bad for your memory and even give you cancer.16. Mobile are popular among people because _______A. they think mobile are funB. they believe mobile are safeC. they love to listen to musicD. they feel it easier to talk to each other17. It is stated in the passage that Russia and China _______ .A. ordinary telephone service is available everywhereB. people prefer mobile phone to ordinary telephonesC. mobile are used in places without ordinary telephoneD. people use mobiles to send e-mail and access the Internet18. Parents buy mobile phone for their children because ________ .A. mobile phone are very fashionable with teenagersB. they can call home if they are in trouble and need helpC. they can use mobile to play simple computer gamesD. mobile phone enable teenagers to give up smoking19. Why can mobile phone be a much more serious problem?A. Because people hate the businessmen using mobile in public places.B. Because of use of mobile phones can be physically harmful.C. Because there is strong evidence for the problems of mobiles.D. Because people feel their privacy unprotected in a café or restaurant.20. Which of the following can be the title of this passage?A. Why Are Mobile So Popular?B. Mobiles—Useful or UselessC. Mobile—A Danger to health?D. Why Do We Design Mobile?Questions 21—25 are based on the following passage:At the International Snow Sculpture Championships in Colorado on January 27, people will carve the white stuff into art. Planning begins months before the first snow falls. Teams submit applications and sketches of their sculptures in July. Then, a panel of judges choose 14 teams for the championship.The rules are simple: Electric tools are not allowed. Teams carve snow with everything but the results are not entirely in the sculptors’ hands,” if it is extremely sunny and warm.”DeWall, the competition’s director of public relations, explained, “we will erect old sail from sail boats into the air to block the sun from melting the sculptures.” If it snows, she continued, teams have to work extra hard to scrape(刮掉) the new snow off their work..The judges look for creativity, technical skill, and overall impact on the viewer. The winner does not receive any money. “There is no cash prize because the event began with the concept of global camaraderie(情谊).” DeWall explained. Instead of focusing on money, she continued, “winners revel(纵情) in the friendship, the art, and the hard work.”21. What does the phrase “white stuff” in the first paragraph refer to ?A. WoodB. SnowC. IceD. Rock22. What do people start to plan for the Championships?A. After the first snow fall in Colorado.B. Once they submit their applications.C. Before their sculptures are sketchedD. As soon as the judges have chosen the teams.23. The sculptors cannot control the result because ________ .A. it is extremely and warmB. it shine and/or snowsC. the sun melts their sculpturesD. old sails are raised into the air24. What is the viewer’s role in the championships?A. Sculptors like to work together with them.B. Judges consider their responses as choosing the winner.C. Viewers watch and help to product the sculptures.D. The organizers rate their involvement and enthusiasm.25. The winners enjoy all of the following EXCEPT ________ .A. the cash prizeB. the friendshipC. the artD. the hard workQuestions 26—30 are based on the following from New York Times’ electronicClassified Ads:JOB INFORMATIONJob Title : BankingEmployer : ConfidentialSource : NY Times Classified AdsLocation : New York, NYDate : 09-16-2005JOB DESCRIPTIONDescription: BANKING OPENING NEW BRANCHESWe are growing domestic bank who seek exp’d staff for our new branches. Branch managers 2+ yrs exp in Br Mgmt, knwlg in all bkg products and regs, excellent Mgmt skills a must, sales and mktg skills. Tellers (F/T, P/T) Banking experience preferred. Customer Serv Reps (F/T, P/T)Banking background a must. Qualified candidates should e-mail resume to hr@ or fax to 212-329-3745. Doral Bank is EOE. For more details visit 26. Which of the following is NOT shown above?A. Job titleB. Annual paymentC. Ad sourceD. Job description27. Based on what you read, the ad is intended for the __________ .A. recruitmentB. product promotionC. banking serviceD. banking reform28. New staff are needed because of _______ .A. the opening of the new branchesB. the updating of the banking serviceC. the retirement of the experienced staffD. the lack of excellent management29. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the ad?A. Branch managersB. TellersC. Customer Service RepsD. Sale managers30. Qualified candidates are expected to _________ .A. e-mail their resumes to hr@B. visit Doral Bank in New York in personC. call 212-329-3745 for more informationD. visit for a interviewPart Three ClozeDirections:There are ten blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line though the center.Double Income and No Kids (DINK) becomes fashionable in China. The DINK couples are usually regarded as those who have higher educations and __31__ careers with higher incomes. The increase in DINK families has shattered the Chinese traditional idea of the family and __32__ typical.A survey conducted recently in Beijing by a market survey company __33__ that about 3.3 percent of 1,300 surveyed families in Beijing said they have __34__ plans to have children. It is estimated there are about 600,000 DINK families in large cities like Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing.Why they choose such a lifestyle is concluded in __35__ reasons. Some are showing great worry for the rapid growth of population; some are indulged in building a more well-off family; some are showing sharp __36__ to get themselves free from the obligation of raising children.__37__, most people still believe it is necessary to bear a child to keep the family line on. As an old Chinese saying goes, there are three aspects in failing to be a filial son and the __38__ serious one is to have no heir for the family. So childless couples will suffer discrimination __39__ family members and neighbors.But it is clear that the new tide of ideas has come, which suggests young people __40__ to choose their own way of life. They are installing modern ideas into traditional families and society. In the modernization process, personal choices will be highly respected.31. A. stable B. available C. achievable D. liable32. A. had become B. may become C. became D. becomes33. A. directed B. induced C. indicated D. dictated34. A. no B. not C. hardly D. scarcely35. A. elegant B. abundant C. similar D. various36. A. tension B. attention C. intention D. interaction37. A. Moreover B. However C. According D. Generally38. A. most B. more C. latest D. less39. A. into B. to C. at D. from40. A. wanted B. should want C. want D. had wantedPart Four Dialogue CompletionDirections:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suit the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.41. Receptionist: Can I help you?Customer: ________. Where do I pay my fees?A. Yes, pleaseB. Thank youC. As you pleaseD. Yes, you can42. Operator: _______, May I help you?David: I’d like to set up a telephone service, please.A. SpeakingB. HeyC. Pacific BellD. I’m John Smith43. Cathleen: Let’s take a coffee break, shall we? Yolanda: _______, but I can’t.A. We shallB. Yes, let’sC. You willD. I wish I could44. Beth: You look a little pale. Are you OK?Jerry: _______, I feel terrible.A. To speak outB. To begin withC. To sum upD. To tell you the truth45. Ken: Gee, Martin, I’d love a cup of coffee.Martin: ________, Is instant OK?A. Sure thingB. I’m sureC. No kiddingD. Sure I do46. Joanne: Hey, you look concerned. _______Harry: The final exam. I’m not fully prepared yet.A. What’s on your mind?B. What a lovely day !C. What has attracted you?D. What about seeing the doctor?47. Johnson: I got home very late last night. I hope I didn’t disturb you.Landlady: ________ .A. No, I heard a lot of noise.B. No, I didn’t hear a thing.C. Yes, I didn’t hear any noise.D. Yes, I didn’t hear you.48. Peter: What’s there to do at night.Clerk: There are clubs, concerts, players and so on._______ !A. You make it.B. You find it.C. You manage it.D. You name it.49. Ray: _________. Where was I ?Brenda: You were talking about your trip to South Africa.A. Let’s back up.B. What did I hear.C. Let’s check in.D. What were you talking about.50. Edie: I thinking Professor Holt is smart and she’s really good teacher.Rosa: OK. I’ll try to get into her class. Edie: _______ !A. You can’t miss it.B. Forget it.C. Mind you.D. You won’t be sorry.第四部分参考答案1-5ACDBB 6-10 DBDCA11-15 ACCDC 16-20 DCBBA21-25 BABBA 26-30 BAADA31-35 ADCAD 36-40 DBADC41-45 ACDDA 46-50 ABDAD。

2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought tobe insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 5, we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flowerbut not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of bothflowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessaryto generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brainfinds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house, but we18 new smells when we visit someone else’s. The b rain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. [A] although[B] as[C] but[D] while2. [A] above[B] unlike[C] excluding[D] besides3. [A] limited[B] committed[C] dedicated[D] confined4. [A] catching[B] ignoring[C] missing[D] tracking5. [A] anyway[B] though[C] instead[D] therefore6. [A] even if[B] if only[C] only if[D] as if7. [A] distinguishing[B] discovering[C] determining[D] detecting8. [A] diluted[B] dissolved[C] dispersed[D] diffused9. [A] when[B] since[C] for[D] whereas10. [A] unusual[B] particular[C] unique[D] typical11. [A] signs[B] stimuli[C] messages[D] impulses12. [A] at first[B] at all[C] at large[D] at times13. [A] subjected[B] left[C] drawn[D] exposed14. [A] ineffective[B] incompetent[C] inefficient[D] insufficient15. [A] introduce[B] summon[C] trigger[D] create16. [A] still[B] also[C] otherwise[D] nevertheless17. [A] sure[B] sick[C] aware[D] tired18. [A] tolerate[B] repel[C] neglect[D] notice19. [A] available[B] reliable[C] identifiable[D] suitable20. [A] similar to[B] such as[C] along with[D] aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de W aal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused toaccept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l)implies that ________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probablybecause they are ________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study thatthe monkeys ________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave afteranother try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the NationalAcademy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation betweensmoking and death[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades wasinsignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line,Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do aboutglobal warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that ofsmoking because ________.[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; bythe late 1970s, neurologists had s witched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chica go’s MedicalCenter. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is asactive during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased p eople’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have baddreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing:The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most wellregarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claimreal liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.” A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking” (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likelyagree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just asentertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complexideas.39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows theauthor’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china”as ________.[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”[B] “radical” is to “conservative”[C] “functional” is to “artistic”[D] “humble” is to “noble”Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Thereare two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41. ________What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. ________But “national”doesn’t have to mean that. “National”could mean interprovincial -- provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the nationalagency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43. ________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably,Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.44. ________Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”45. ________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialistideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was aresearcher at LavalUniversity. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fundhas seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 percent to 26.8 per cent![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buyingpower of such an agency would strengthen the publicprescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowestpossible purchase prices from drug companies.”[C] What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator MichaelKirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like therecently created National Health Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been,are, and will continue to increase faster than governmentrevenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information,prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rateof overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes fromdrugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part ofit arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part ofit is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they shouldprove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial healthlist that would end duplication, save administrative costs,prevent one province from being played off against another, andbargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They likedivided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use thethreat of removing jobs from one province to another. They canhope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, thepressure will cause others to include it on theirs. Theywouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would leadthem to deal with it.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that outof eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unit ed we stand, divided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning,and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2005年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English(10 points)Section II: Reading Comprehension(60 points)Part A (40 points)Part B (10 points)Part C (10 points)46. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。