语言学Unit 5 Omission 2

Chapter 5 Meaning

(semantics)

Semantics

•Definition: Semantics is the study of meaning in language.

•Meaning has been studied for thousands of years by philosophers, logicians and linguists. E.g. Plato

& Aristotle.

5.1 The meaning of “meaning”

•C. K. Ogden & I. A. Richards (1923). The Meaning of Meaning.

•John means to write.

•A green light means to go.

•Health means everything.

•His look was full of meaning.

•What is the meaning of life?

•What does „capitalist‟ mean to you?

•What does „cornea‟ mean?

•The transparent, convex, anterior portion of the outer fibrous coat of the eyeball that covers

the iris and the pupil and is continuous with the sclera.

•Geoffrey Leech (1974, 1981). Semantics: The Study of Meaning. Seven types of meaning:

–Conceptual meaning  Denotation

–Connotative meaning  Connotation

1/21十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台圣才电子书第5章英语语言结构（Ⅱ）Ⅰ.Fillintheblanks.1.Syntacticrelationsinclude_____,_____and_____.【答案】positionalrelation;relationofsubstitutability;relationofoccurrence【解析】有三种句法关系，即（1）位置关系；（2）替代关系；（3）同现关系。2.A_____sentencecontainstwoclausesjoinedbyalinkingword,suchas“and”,“but”,“or”.【答案】coordinate【解析】并列从句是指一个句子由两个分句组成，这两个分句通常是由如but,and,or这些并列连词来连接的。3._____referstotiesandconnectionswhichexistwithintexts.Theyarealsocalledformallinksbetweensentencesandbetweenclauses.（人大2007研）【答案】Cohesion【解析】衔接不是一个句法概念，它指文本中存在的一种意义上的联系或关系，也包括句子或分句之间存在的一种形式上的联系。4.A_____isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.【答案】sentence

2/21十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台圣才电子书【解析】句子在结构上是一个独立的单位，通常包括许多词用以构成一个完整的陈述，提问或者命令。5._____istheinformationthattheaddresserbelievesisknowntotheaddressee,while_____istheinformationthattheaddresserbelievesisnotknowntotheaddressee.【答案】Giveninformation;newinformation【解析】已知信息是指说话者认为听话者已经知道的信息，而新信息是指说话者认为听话者不知道的信息。6._____representswhattheutteranceisabout;_____iswhatissaidaboutit.【答案】Thetopic;thecomment【解析】话题是谈话的主题，述题是围绕主题所谈论的内容。7.Thebranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofsentencesiscalled_____.（北二外2010研）【答案】syntax【解析】句法学是研究句子内部结构的一门学科。Ⅱ.TrueorFalse.1.Alllanguageshavesomedifferencesinverbformswhichareusedtoproducecohesion.（南开大学2005研）

英汉互译5-omission 精品文档

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Omission is a technique opposite to amplification. True, a translator has no right to

subtract any meaning from the original work. But it does not follow that he should

refrain from omitting any words at all in translation. In fact, one of the marked

differences in syntax between English and Chinese is the disparity in wording. What

is regarded as a natural or indispensable element in one language may be regarded as

superfluous or even “a stumbling block” in the other.

Ⅰ. Omission in English-Chinese Translation

Generally speaking, omission in English-Chinese translation is used to achieve the

effect of succinctness, especially in the cases of English pronouns and functional

words such as the article, the preposition, the conjunction, etc.

1. Omitting the Pronoun

英汉互译讲义四 翻译技巧

第四节 省略法 Omission

所谓省略法，就是把原文中需要而译文中不需要的单词、词组等在翻译过程中加以省略。省略法是出于语法结构、习惯表达法或者修辞的需要，在能充分表达原意的基础之上，使译文更加通顺流畅、言简意赅.

一、 语法需要

英语中大多数词是因语法需要而存在，比如英语中冠词使用较广而汉语中却没有冠词，因此在译文中将其省略不译。再如代词、介词和连接词在英语中也广为使用，而汉语往往可以借助语序来表达逻辑关系，因此这几种词也用的较少。

1．1 省略冠词

※ A doctor should have patience in his work.

医生对待工作应当有耐心。

※ The horse is a useful animal。

马是有用的动物.

※ It was out of the question to fly to the moon in the past.

在过去，飞往月球是绝对不可能的。

在有些情况下，冠词不可以省略。例如：

※ He left without saying a word.

他一句话不说就走了.

※ He said he was getting a dollar a mile.

他说他开车每一英里赚一美元。

1．2 省略代词

英语通常每句话都有主语，人称代词往往多次出现。而根据汉语习惯，前句出现一个主句，后句如果仍然是用同一个主语,就不必重复出现,常可省略.

※ He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable。

他消瘦而憔悴，看上去一幅可怜相。

※ He put his hands into pockets and then shrugged his shoulders。