高考英语一词多义
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1高考英语专题复习---熟词生义、一词多义
《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明》中的词汇表是命题人的主要依据,而这个词汇
表只提供了英语单词或短语的拼写形式,未有词义。这就给命题人提供了广阔的活动空间,
给他们减少了很多限制,但却给考生增加了几倍的难度。因为英语中的一词多义多性现象是
普遍存在的。
例如:2001年全国卷中第26题:
We didn't plan our art exhibition like that but it_____ very well.
A.worked out B.tried out C.went on D.carried on
正确答案为A。此处work out的词义为“(情况)发展……”、“进行……”。其余干
扰项的干扰作用都很大。如果没有完全掌握work out的含义,根本无法选定这个选项,更何
况,我们的课本根本未有把work out作“(情况)进展”、“进行”解释过。单选题如此,
阅读理解、完形填空等题中熟词生义现象更是比比皆是。为了能使我们顺利通过考试,现按
照字母顺序举例解析我们常见常考的熟词生义。
A
1.about
(熟义:关于) prep.&adv.
到处=(美)around
到处
We spent the whole afternoon walking about town.
我们整个下午就在城里到处逛来逛去。
2.act
(熟义:行动)vi.
起作用
It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act.
只需几分钟,药物就起作用了。
3.add
(熟义:加)vt
接着说,又说
“They don't know.”he added.
“他们不知道。”他接着又说。
4.address
(熟义:地址,写地址) vt.
① 称呼
The president should be addressed as “Mr President.”
总统应称为“总统先生”。
② 向……发表演说
He is going to address the meeting in a minute.
他一会儿就要在大会上讲话了。
5.admit
(熟义:承认)vt.
①允许进入
The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house.
仆人打开门,请我进去。
②容纳
The theatre only admits 1,000 persons.
这个剧场只能容纳一千人。
6. adapt
(熟义:适应)vt.
使某物适合与新的用途,情况等;修改;改编或改写(稿本)
These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好.
This novel has been adapted for radio from Russian original.
这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目.
7. adopt
(熟义:收养; 过继)vt.
① 采纳;采取;采用
We adopt their teaching method.
我们采用了他们的教学方法
8.against
(熟义:反对,违背) prep.
衬着,迎着,靠着
The picture looks good against the white wall.
这幅画在洁白的墙的衬托下显得很好看。
9.agree with
(熟义:同意) 与……一致,协调,适合
Your story agrees with what I heard.
你讲的与我所听到的一致。
Long plane trips don't agree with me.
我不适合坐飞机长途旅行。
10.appeal
(熟义: 恳求,呼吁)v (对某人)有吸引力,(使某人)感兴趣
The idea of camping has never appealed to me. 对露营这种想法我从来不感兴趣.
11.appear
(熟义:出现) vi
似乎
You appeared to have made a mistake.
你似乎犯了一个错误。
12.apply
(熟义:申请) v.应用,运用; 适用
What I have said applies only to some of you.
我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人.
213.arm
(熟义:n.手臂)n.
武器 v.武装
Lay down your arms or we'll fire!
放下武器,否则,我们就开枪了!
Police say the man is armed with guns and very dangerous.
警察说该男子携有枪,十分危险。
14.ask
(熟义:问)vt.
要求
The teacher asked that all the students stay at the classroom.
老师要求所有学生呆在教室.
15.attend
(熟义:出席) vt.&vi.
看护,治疗
Dr.Paria Lal attends him.
Paria Lal医生在治疗他。
If you go out,who'll attend to the baby?
如果你走了,谁来照看婴儿?
B
1.back
(熟义:n.背) vt.
支持
Many of his friends backed his plan.
他的许多朋友支持他的计划。
2.badly
(熟义:坏) adv.
迫切, 很
English teachers are badly needed in our school.
我们学校极需要英语老师。
3.bear
(熟义:熊) v.
① 支撑
The ice is too thin to bear your weight.
冰太薄,承受不了你的重量。
② 负起(责任),肩负
He is a carefree fellow who bears his responsibilities lightly.
他是个满不在意不大负责的人。
③ 忍受,忍耐
The pain was almost more than he could stand.
这样的痛苦几乎使他受不了。
4.beat
(熟义:击打) v.
① (心脏) 跳动
He is alive---his heart is still beating.
他还活着---心脏还在跳动。
② 打败
He beat me at chess.
他下棋赢了我。
5.before
(熟义:以前) conj.
才;就
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
过了很久我才再睡着。
I hadn't waited long before he came.
我没有等多久,他就来了。
6.block
(熟义:大块) n.
(四面临街) 建筑群,街区 v 阻碍;堵塞
He lives three blocks away from here.
他住的地方与此处相隔三条街。
Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland.
大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的路。
7.blow
(熟义:吹,刮) n.
打击
His wife’s death was a great blow to him.
他妻子的去世对他是一大打击。
8.book
(熟义:书) v.
预定,预购
I would like to book three seats for tonight’s concert.
我想预定今晚音乐会的三个座位。
9.buy
(熟义:购买) v.
相信
No one will buy that excuse.
谁也不会相信那个借口。
10.build
(熟义:v.修建) n.
身材,体型
The football player has a solid build.
足球运动员体格健壮。
C
1.calm
(熟义:冷静的,镇静的)adj.
无浪的,风平浪尽的
The sea is calm.
2.can
(熟义:能) n.
罐头vt.做成罐头
Mother cans fruit.
妈妈把水果做成罐头。
3.capital
(熟义:首都) n.
大写字母;资本
Write your name in block capitals, please.
姓名请用大写。
Jack set up a business with a starting capital of $100,000.
Jack的创业资本是$100,000。