高考英语一词多义

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1高考英语专题复习---熟词生义、一词多义

《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明》中的词汇表是命题人的主要依据,而这个词汇

表只提供了英语单词或短语的拼写形式,未有词义。这就给命题人提供了广阔的活动空间,

给他们减少了很多限制,但却给考生增加了几倍的难度。因为英语中的一词多义多性现象是

普遍存在的。

例如:2001年全国卷中第26题:

We didn't plan our art exhibition like that but it_____ very well.

A.worked out B.tried out C.went on D.carried on

正确答案为A。此处work out的词义为“(情况)发展……”、“进行……”。其余干

扰项的干扰作用都很大。如果没有完全掌握work out的含义,根本无法选定这个选项,更何

况,我们的课本根本未有把work out作“(情况)进展”、“进行”解释过。单选题如此,

阅读理解、完形填空等题中熟词生义现象更是比比皆是。为了能使我们顺利通过考试,现按

照字母顺序举例解析我们常见常考的熟词生义。

A

1.about

(熟义:关于) prep.&adv.

到处=(美)around

到处

We spent the whole afternoon walking about town.

我们整个下午就在城里到处逛来逛去。

2.act

(熟义:行动)vi.

起作用

It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act.

只需几分钟,药物就起作用了。

3.add

(熟义:加)vt

接着说,又说

“They don't know.”he added.

“他们不知道。”他接着又说。

4.address

(熟义:地址,写地址) vt.

① 称呼

The president should be addressed as “Mr President.”

总统应称为“总统先生”。

② 向……发表演说

He is going to address the meeting in a minute.

他一会儿就要在大会上讲话了。

5.admit

(熟义:承认)vt.

①允许进入

The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house.

仆人打开门,请我进去。

②容纳

The theatre only admits 1,000 persons.

这个剧场只能容纳一千人。

6. adapt

(熟义:适应)vt.

使某物适合与新的用途,情况等;修改;改编或改写(稿本)

These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.

这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好.

This novel has been adapted for radio from Russian original.

这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目.

7. adopt

(熟义:收养; 过继)vt.

① 采纳;采取;采用

We adopt their teaching method.

我们采用了他们的教学方法

8.against

(熟义:反对,违背) prep.

衬着,迎着,靠着

The picture looks good against the white wall.

这幅画在洁白的墙的衬托下显得很好看。

9.agree with

(熟义:同意) 与……一致,协调,适合

Your story agrees with what I heard.

你讲的与我所听到的一致。

Long plane trips don't agree with me.

我不适合坐飞机长途旅行。

10.appeal

(熟义: 恳求,呼吁)v (对某人)有吸引力,(使某人)感兴趣

The idea of camping has never appealed to me. 对露营这种想法我从来不感兴趣.

11.appear

(熟义:出现) vi

似乎

You appeared to have made a mistake.

你似乎犯了一个错误。

12.apply

(熟义:申请) v.应用,运用; 适用

What I have said applies only to some of you.

我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人.

213.arm

(熟义:n.手臂)n.

武器 v.武装

Lay down your arms or we'll fire!

放下武器,否则,我们就开枪了!

Police say the man is armed with guns and very dangerous.

警察说该男子携有枪,十分危险。

14.ask

(熟义:问)vt.

要求

The teacher asked that all the students stay at the classroom.

老师要求所有学生呆在教室.

15.attend

(熟义:出席) vt.&vi.

看护,治疗

Dr.Paria Lal attends him.

Paria Lal医生在治疗他。

If you go out,who'll attend to the baby?

如果你走了,谁来照看婴儿?

B

1.back

(熟义:n.背) vt.

支持

Many of his friends backed his plan.

他的许多朋友支持他的计划。

2.badly

(熟义:坏) adv.

迫切, 很

English teachers are badly needed in our school.

我们学校极需要英语老师。

3.bear

(熟义:熊) v.

① 支撑

The ice is too thin to bear your weight.

冰太薄,承受不了你的重量。

② 负起(责任),肩负

He is a carefree fellow who bears his responsibilities lightly.

他是个满不在意不大负责的人。

③ 忍受,忍耐

The pain was almost more than he could stand.

这样的痛苦几乎使他受不了。

4.beat

(熟义:击打) v.

① (心脏) 跳动

He is alive---his heart is still beating.

他还活着---心脏还在跳动。

② 打败

He beat me at chess.

他下棋赢了我。

5.before

(熟义:以前) conj.

才;就

It was a long time before I got to sleep again.

过了很久我才再睡着。

I hadn't waited long before he came.

我没有等多久,他就来了。

6.block

(熟义:大块) n.

(四面临街) 建筑群,街区 v 阻碍;堵塞

He lives three blocks away from here.

他住的地方与此处相隔三条街。

Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland.

大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的路。

7.blow

(熟义:吹,刮) n.

打击

His wife’s death was a great blow to him.

他妻子的去世对他是一大打击。

8.book

(熟义:书) v.

预定,预购

I would like to book three seats for tonight’s concert.

我想预定今晚音乐会的三个座位。

9.buy

(熟义:购买) v.

相信

No one will buy that excuse.

谁也不会相信那个借口。

10.build

(熟义:v.修建) n.

身材,体型

The football player has a solid build.

足球运动员体格健壮。

C

1.calm

(熟义:冷静的,镇静的)adj.

无浪的,风平浪尽的

The sea is calm.

2.can

(熟义:能) n.

罐头vt.做成罐头

Mother cans fruit.

妈妈把水果做成罐头。

3.capital

(熟义:首都) n.

大写字母;资本

Write your name in block capitals, please.

姓名请用大写。

Jack set up a business with a starting capital of $100,000.

Jack的创业资本是$100,000。