II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Are you being true to yourself?Are you being true to yourself? Is it a case of "what you see is what you get?" or is there a mismatch between how you appear to others and the way you feel inside?For most people, the answer is: "it depends". We're ourselves with some people, but put on a facade with others. More often than not, when we wear a mask, it's to protect (21) _________. But we put on a show of bravery and confidence (22) _________ (hide) the fact that we're trembling inside. We laugh and smile to please others when inwardly (23) _________ (be) bored, resentful or sad.You'd think the extent to (24) _________ we present ourselves falsely would depend merely (25) _________ our personality or our circumstances, but new research suggests we become "more true to ourselves" as we get older - or at least we think we do.Two US psychologist sent questionnaires to over250 volunteers and asked them to rate how true they are to themselves. "True self", or (26) _________ you really are, was defined as: "Being made up of the characteristics, roles, or attributes that define yourself, (27) _________ _________ those characteristics are different than how you sometimes act in your daily life."Participants were asked to indicate (28) _________ _________ overlap there was between their true self in the past, how they believe they are today, and how they perceived they will be in the future. A clear trend emerged - most people believed they were closer to their true self now than they (29) _________ (be) in the past, and that the gap would close even more as they got older. What's more, the participants believed their quest for happiness would increase as they became (30) _________ (authentic)Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only beAll Weekends Can Be HolidaysThere is a reason most people return to work Monday feeling no better than they did Friday afternoon. Exhaustion and stress on the job are problems for two out of three workers, and weekends usually aren't much __31__ studies show.New research suggests a __32__ simple solution: Pretend your weekend is a vacation.People __33__ to adopt a vacation mindset on the weekend returned to work feeling happierand more refreshed, without spending any additional money or time off, according to research on nearly 1,000 full-time workers at the University of California, Los Angeles. Although participants spent a little more time in eating and staying with loved ones, researchers found after controlling the results for specific behaviors that just one factor - their increased focus on the present moment, or mindfulness - __34__ greater happiness. "Merely __35__ how you're thinking can have these wonderful effects on your emotional experience and your time," says Cassie Mogilner Holmes, a researcher on the project.This doesn't always require changing your normal weekend __36__. It may mean just thinking about and prioritizing activities __37__. Interviews with a dozen people who consciously cultivate mindfulness on the weekend offer insights into the time-management and planning skills they __38__.Mindfulness has been shown in research to improve self-control, helping people __39__ their emotions. Those who enjoy vacations tend to take great __40__ in positive emotions, expanding feelings of joy and happiness, according to a 2018 study of 42 vacationers.III. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Reading is not an instinct. As children, we have to start from scratch. We wire our brains to read by gradually enhancing links between the critical areas: those that recognise the visual form of letters, those that tell us what a word sounds like and how you __41__ say it, and so on.Writing by hand helps to form these brain __42__. When we learn how to write, we use parts of the brain known as the motor cortices that control physical movements. When we read, those same areas are activated - suggesting we basically write words in our minds as we __43__ them.Karin James of Indiana University in Bloomington has found that young children can recognise new letters more readily when they learn that letters by writing them, __44__ by typing or tracing. James has also shown that some brain regions that light up when adults read also become active in children __45__ letters they've learned to print by hand - but not in children who've learned letters by typing them.This seems like strong evidence of the importance of handwriting, but James __46__ that just because adults use certain circuitry（线路）to read does not necessarily mean it's the only writing that could work. "Our brains are clearly __47__, she says. "It might be just fine to start typing -and for that you need a whole different brain network and learn how to read that way. We don't know yet."For now though, most studies suggest handwriting has a(n) __48__ role to play. Marieke Long-camp at Aix-Marseille University in France has shown that when adults learned unfamiliar characters based on the Bengali and Gujarati alphabets either by writing or typing, those who__49__ the letters remembered them better three weeks later.Part of the problem is that typing does not __50__ in us the same understanding of character or letter forms as writing by hand. "If you show children just a single typical A, they're not going to be able to understand that another __51__ of an A is the same thing," James says. The messy and inconsistent way that children (and many adults) tend to write, __52__, may help them to cope with a wide variety of typefaces and letter forms.Writing freehand, then, seems to be an important part of learning to read - but does the__53__ of handwriting make a difference? Some schools have __54__ teaching cursive（草书体的）or joined-up writing. In the US, for instance, it is not part of the national curriculum adopted by 46 states, though it has come back in some states in response to a public outcry. When it comes to learning to read, though, James has found that writing in cursive doesn't seem to add anything to the mix. "It seems like it's any kind of __55__ of a letter by hand that makes the difference," she says.41. A. occasionally B. physically C. gradually D. instinctively42. A. structures B. connections C. processes D. functions43. A. write B. coin C. recite D. read44. A. rather than B. as well as C. such as D. or else45. A. listening to B. depending on C. looking at D. thinking of46. A. requires B. decides C. foresees D. cautions47. A. similar B. different C. delicate D. adaptable48. A. critical B. unpredictable C. unclear D. increased49. A. wrote out B. responded to C. typed in D. pointed at50. A. trust B. implant C. spend D. invest51. A. example B. equivalent C. form D. method52. A. as a result B. in a word C. by contrast D. vice versa53. A. history B. type C. dominance D. study54. A. suggested B. permitted C. practised D. stopped55. A. creation B. recognition C. existence D. typingSection BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)It started during yoga class. She felt a strange pull on her neck, a sensation completely foreign to her. Her friend suggested she rush to the emergency room. It turned out that she was having a heart attack.She didn't look like someone of a heart attack. She exercised, did not smoke, watched herplate. But on reviewing her medical history, I found that her cholesterol（胆固醇）level was sky high. She had been prescribed a cholesterol-lowering statin（他汀）medication, but she never picked up the prescription because of the scary things she had read about stations on the internet. She was the victim of fake medical news.While misinformation has been the objects of great attention in politics, medical misinformation might have an even greater body count. As is true with fake news in general, medical lies tend to spread further than truths on the internet - and they have very real impacts.False medical information can also lead to patients' experiencing greater side effects through the "nocebo effect". Sometimes patients benefits from certain treatment or medication simply because they believe they will. The nocebo effect is the opposite: Patients can experience negative effects just because they expect them. This is very true of statines. In blinded trials, patients who get statins are no more likely to report feeling muscle aches than patients who get a placebo（安慰剂）. Yet, in clinical practice, according to one study, almost a fifth of patients taking statins report side effects, leading many to discontinue the drugs.Silicon Valley needs to own this problem. When human health is at risk, perhaps search engines, social media platforms and websites should be held responsible for promoting or hosting fake information. The scientific community needs to do its part to educate the public about key concepts in research, such as the difference between observational studies and higher-quality randomized trials（随机对照试验）.Finally, journalists can do a better job of spreading accurate information. News sites are more likely to cover catchy observational studies than randomized controlled trials, perhaps because the latter are less likely to produce surprising results. Such coverage can overstate benefits, claiming for example, that statins could cure cancer; it can also unduly emphasize potential risks, such as suggesting a misleading connection with dementia（痴呆）.56. The lady's experience of a heart attack is mentioned in paragraph 1 and 2 in order to_________.A. introduce the topicB. warn against a diseaseC. explain an established theoryD. highlight the writer's opinion57. Which of the following examples best illustrates the "nocebe effect"?A. You feel better after taking the medicine that you think will work.B. You feel dizzy after taking the medicine that you believe has side effects.C. You have a fever after taking the medicine even if you know it is harmless.D. You have a headache after taking the medicine even if the doctor says it's safe.58. According to the writer, what should journalists do?A. Use as few social media platforms as possible.B. Educate the public about key medical ideas.C. Report as complete a story as possible.D. Spread more benefits than risks.59. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Doctor Internet is a LiarB. Why "Nocebo Effect" WorksC. Watch out for Partial CoverageD. Stand up for Better Human Health(B)When did the postal service really get started? When was it possible for an average someone to send a letter across town or country? I'm told that in America it was no later than 1639.And what did it feel like when the first phones were installed? The first switchboards came in around 1877. What a rush it must have been to pick up a phone and hear the voice of a friend across town. How precious those first numbers must have been. Probably complete neighborhoods got wired all at the same time. Did everyone really know their neighbors in those days? Did they have to go door to get their neighbor's number, or were those numbers public right form the start?Sometime in the late 1960s those huge answering machines became commonplace, so you could leave a message for someone unable or unwilling to answer the phone. Suddenly the guy who wanted to say something trumped the guy who didn't want to hear anything. The speaker became the focus. Email, and then the communication staple, the cell phone, emerged. Not soon after that it seemed like the Web was born. It look several years before it found its feet, but now it has. And those days, if you are in an office building that loses its Internet during the work day, you'll see people flood out to the street, cell phones in hand, as if the electricity had been cut and the inside was dark.I've wondered why all the technology took so long to break. For thousands of years there was just the messager. Just three hundred and seventy years ago the postal service comes along and it's only another two hundred and forty years before the next change. Since high school I've seen the answering machine, cell phone, and Internet. If we were to trace the development of the key communications devices and the technology that we are the most dependent upon, we would see the dots on the chart being closer and closer toward the end of the line to the degree where the current time, now, would be one big indistinct dot. The curve is shooting straight up.Personally, I don't give us much credit for it all. I don't think we are smarter today than those who ran those letters by horse and runner. In fact, we are not nearly as smart as the man and women before us. Nonetheless, at least technologically, we are racing forward as if about to cross the finishing line.60. The word "trumped" in paragraph 3 most probably means _________.A. preventing someone from meeting themB. trying to take control of someone elseC. having advantage over someone elseD. making someone feel unhappy or sad61. Which of the following chart best suits the une described at the end of paragraph 4?62. Which of the following best concludes the topic of this passage?A. The timeline of growing communication options.B. The concern over our dependence on the Internet.C. The strong desire we all share for communication.D. The need to develop new communications devices.(C)Parents exhausted by their children may have suspected it all along.Youngsters have greater energy levels than professional endurance athletes, scientists have discovered, meaning it is virtually impossible for the average adult to keep up. And for mothers and fathers hoping that tiring out their little ones will ensure a good night's sleep, be warned. Children also have an impressive recovery time, and will be back to their best quicker than parents' expectation."We found the children used more of their aerobic metabolism（有氧代谢）and were therefore less tired during the high-intensity physical activities," said Sebastien Ratel, associate professor in Exercise Physiology who completed this study. "This may explain why children seem to have the ability to play and play and play, long after adults have become tired."Previous studies have shown that children do not tire as quickly as untrained adults during physical tasks and it was suggested they had energy profiles comparable to endurance athletes, but there was no evidence to prove it until now.To find out, the researchers recruited 12 youngsters aged between nine and 11, 12 untrained men and 13 male endurance athletes who were national-level professional athletes orlong-distance runners and cyclists. All were asked to perform two seven second resistance sprints （冲刺跑）, followed by one minute recovery while their aerobic energy output was measured. On a second visit they were asked to cycle as fasts as they can for 30 seconds. Anaerobic exercise produces lactic acid, which causes muscle fatigue. The participants' heart-rate, oxygen levels and lactate-removal rates were checked after the cycling tasks to see how quickly they recovered. It was found that during the cycling test, untrained adult's power output fell by 51.8 per cent, and athletes by 41.8 per cent, but children's only decreased by 35.2 per cent.The researchers believe the findings could help develop athletic potential in children as well as improve our understanding of how our bodies change from childhood to adulthood. "Many parents ask about the best way to develop their child's athletic potential," said co-author AnthonyBlazevich, professor in Biomechanics. "Our study shows that muscle endurance is often very good in children, so it might be better to focus on other areas of fitness such as their sports technique, sprint speed or muscle strength. This may help to improve physical training in children, so that they perform better and enjoy sports more."63. What does the "it" in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Children are better at many sports than most adults.B. Children recover from wounds quicker than adults.C. Children have a higher energy level than most adults.D. Children sleep better than adults when they are tired.64. Compared to previous studies, the study by Sebastien Ratel is unique because it ________.A. found out for the first time why children were less exhausted by physical activitiesB. provided parents with scientific evidence for how to ensure children rest wellC. proved for the first time that children's endurance could be greater than athletes'D. showed that children could be trained to complete high-intensity sports activities65. What can be inferred from the data collected during the cycling test in paragraph 5?A. Children have more muscle strength than adults.B. Children experience less muscle fatigue than adults.C. Children develop less lactic acid than adults when exercising.D. Children show better techniques than adults in sporting activities.66. According to Anthony Blazevich, the findings of this study may help us to _________.A. improve adults' muscle enduranceB. develop children's athletic abilityC. lower children's decreased power outputD. life children's aerobic metabolism levelSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Super-white Paint Reflect 95.5% of Sunlight to Cool Buildings Researchers from Purdue University have developed a new white paint that can reflect over95 percent of sunlight, which can cool the surface even lower than the ambient temperature - the temperature of the surrounding area. Painted on a building, the new paint could help cut cooling costs and energy use.It's a basic fact of physics that white surfaces and objects reflect more light, and therefore remain cooler. _________67_________ After all, air conditioning is one of the biggest consumers of energy in the summer months, and studies suggest that painting buildings white can cool entire cities.Many different rediative cooling paints have been developed over the years, reflecting sunlight using glass, Teflon or, most commonly, titanium dioxide（钛）, but they all have their drawbacks. _________68_________ Instead of titanium dioxide, they used calcium carbonate（碳酸钙）fillers, which are much more abundant, cheaper, and absorb less UV light, so they busy cooler. In total, the new radiative cooling paint can reflect 95.5 percent of the light that strikes it. That's better than many of the other paints in development, which manage between 80 and 90 percent, although it falls short of the record holder - the Teflon coating, which reflects 98 percent of light.The team tested the new coating outdoors over two days, and showed that under direct sun it remained 1.7℃cooler than the ambient temperature, exhibiting a cooling power of 37 W/m2. At night, the paint dropped to 10℃below the ambient temperature.In another set of tests, the researchers painted some parts of a pattern with the new paint, and others with a regular white paint of the same thickness. _________69_________.The team says that the new paint could not only help cool buildings, but prevent outdoor electrical systems from overheating. _________70_________"Our paint is compatible with the manufacturing process of commercial paint, and the cost may be comparable or even lower," says Ruan, an author of the study. "The key is to ensure the reliability of the paint so that it can be used in long-term outdoor applications."IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71.New Year's ResolutionEvery time a new year rolls around, people set out to better themselves. They promise they will lose weight, find a new job, or maybe even take that vacation they've always talked about. But why do we make these promises to ourselves, and where did this tradition come from? Why does this tradition live on when so many people fail to keep the resolutions they make? Well, we can start by blaming the ancient Babylonians.Around 4,000 years ago in Babylon, the earliest recorded celebration honoring the coming of a new year was held. The collective ceremonial events lasted 11 days. The Babylonians felt thiswould help them start the new year off on the right foot. Resolutions continued on with the Romans. Julius Caesar decided to make a change. He consulted with the best astronomers and mathematicians of the time and introduced a calendar which more closely represents the modern calendar we use today. Caesar declared January 1 the first day of the year to mark new beginnings.To this day, the traditions of the ancient Babylonians and Romans continue on around the world. So much so that a website event launched a Resolution Map in 2013 where people could add resolutions and see others adding theirs in real time. The most common New Year wishes are Lose Weight, Get Organized, Save More Money, Enjoy Life, Stay Healthy, Learn Something New, Quit Smoking, Help Others Pursue Their Goals, and Spend More Quality Time With Family Members.However, how many resolutions finally come true? No matter how many people participate in the project, only few can maintain their resolutions; only eight percent of people are successful in sticking them out. If those fail resolutions look familiar and remind you that the whole concept is a complete failure, or if they inspire you to create your own list of promises for a new year, just remember that this tradition is destined to live on. We have 4,000 years of history telling us so, and that's a statistic that's hard to argue with.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 把窗帘拉上吧，外面太晒了。
