英语国家概况试卷

2023年自考专业(英语)《英语国家概况》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】The functions of institutions of higher education in the U.S. are________.A.research and teachingB.teaching and degree awardingC.professional training, teaching and public serviceD.teaching, research and public service2.【单选题】In Britain, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of ________.A.the Lord ChancellorB.the Prime MinisterC.the SpeakerD.the Parliamentary Commissioner3.【单选题】The origin of the American party system can be traced to ________.A.the struggle between the Royalists and revolutionaries in the War of IndependenceB.the constitutional debate between the Federalists and the anti--FederalistsC.the struggle between those who upheld slavery and those who opposed slaveryD.none of the above4.【单选题】The theme of Thanksgiving has always been ________.A.friendship and happinessB.peace and plentyC.cooperation and rich rewardD.love and happiness5.【单选题】Thanks to the militant feminist movement of the suffragettes before the First World War, votes were granted to women over the age of ________ in 1918.A.18B.20C.30D.356.【单选题】Why were the French troops in Canada defeated by the British during the Seven Years' War?A.Because they were not used to the weather in Cananda.B.Because they did not get support from the local people.C.Because they did not receive the supplies they needed so badly.D.Because the British had larger and better settlements in Canada.7.【单选题】Australian Aborigines believed in a creative period, usually referred to in English as ________.A.teh DreamlandB.the DreamingC.the Beginning of the WorldD.the Beginning of the Universe8.【单选题】Agricltural changes in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in England were so great that they were worthy of the term “ ________ ”.A.reformB.evolutionC.revolutionD.reformation9.【单选题】What is Ireland called in Irish?A.IreaB.AireC.EareD.Eire10.【单选题】Which of the following is not true about the political system of New Zealand?A.New Zealand has a written constitution.B.New Zealand has a parliamentary government and a constitutional monarchy.C.New Zealand follows the British parliamentary system with some variations.D.New Zealand Parliament has only one chamber.11.【单选题】Australia, which is one of the world's developed countries, has become rich through ________.A.manufacturing industriesB.farming and miningC.service industriesD.forestry and fishing12.【单选题】During the Second World War, Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill met at ________.A.Teheran, Yalta and PotsdamB.Teheran and YaltaC.Yalta, Potsdam and BerlinD.Teheran and Potsdam13.【单选题】The largest and smallest states of the United States are ________.A.Alaska and Rhode IslandB.Texas and MaineC.Texas and Rhode IslandD.Alaska and Maine14.【单选题】As far as Australian culture is concerned, the history of Australia can be divided into the following phases with the exception of ________.A.the period of the original culture of Aboriginal peopleB.the period of the dominant British cultureC.teh period of Asian cultureD.the period of a multicultural society15.【单选题】Which of the following is not true about Canada's manufacturing today?A.Manufacturing is the most important economic activity in Canada.B.Transportation equipment ranks as the nation's leading manufactured product.C.Food processing is still important but it is no longer Canada's chief man ufacturing industryD.The production of paper and paper related products is no longer important in Canada's manufacturing.16.【单选题】The three Puritan traditions are ________.A.religious tolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learningB.religious dissent aggressiveness and respect for learningC.religious intolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learningD.religious intolerance, aggressiveness, respect for achievement17.【单选题】The objective of the Chartist Movement was democratic rights for all men, and it took its name from “ ________ ”.A.The Bill of RightsB.The Agreement of the PeopleC.The People's CharterD.The Great Charter18.【单选题】In the 1960s pop music underwent a revolution when ________ became world famous and turned their home town of Liverpool into a place of pilgrimage.A.teh Beach BoysB.the Rolling StoneC.the AnimalsD.the Beatles19.【单选题】The New Frontier and War on Poverty were put forward respectively by ________.A.Eisenhower and KennedyB.Johnson and NixonC.Johnson and KennedyD.Kennedy and Johnson20.【单选题】The Tories were the forerunners of ________, which still bears this nickname todayA.the Labour PartyB.the Conservative PartyC.the Liberal PartyD.the Social Democratic Party第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】The average life expectancy of the Red Indians is ________.A.higher than the national averageB.lower than the national averageC.about the same with the national averageD.none of the above2.【单选题】In 1900, the United States ranked first in the world in the production of ________.A.coalB.electricityC.oilD.wheat3.【单选题】In Canada the federal governments have always been formed by________.A.the Liberal PartyB.the Progressive Conservative PartyC.either the Liberal Party or the Progressive Conservative PartyD.both the Liberal Party and the Progressive Conservation Party4.【单选题】Australia is located between ________ and the Indian Ocean.A.the South Pacific OceanB.the Atlantic OceanC.the North SeaD.the Arctic5.【单选题】A trend that occurs at the same time with the movement to the South and the Weast of the United States is ________.A.the flow of people to sunbelt areaB.the flow of peole from small cities to big citiesC.the growth of small townsD.the outflow of city residents from the core cities to the suburbs6.【单选题】Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with ________.A.the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinkingB.the North-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinkingC.the South-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinkingD.the South-West slowly rising and the North-East slowly sinking7.【单选题】In “ Song of Myself ” , Whitman writes that ________.A.woman is not worth mentioningB.woman is not as great as manC.woman as the mother of human beings is the greatestD.none of the above8.【单选题】The Mississippi, which is sometimes called ________, has played a vital role in the history of the United States.A.“ Old Man River ”B. “ Moon River ”C.“ Old Father River ”D.“ Mother of the United States ”9.【单选题】During the 1990s many Australians called for their nation to become a republic with ________.A.a president replacing the British monarch as head of stateB.a prime minister replacing the governor--general as head of governmentC.a governor-general replacing the British monarch as head of stateD.a president replacing the governor- general as head of government10.【单选题】In the 1970s oil was discovered in ________, but the revenue from oil did not create an economic for Britain.A.the English ChannelB.the Irish SeaC.St. George's ChannelD.the North Sea11.【单选题】In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ________ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.rgestB.second largestC.third largestD.fourth largest12.【单选题】Since 1971 the Canadian government has adopted a policy of ________, recognizing that cultural pluralism within a bilingual framework is the essence of the Canadian identity.A.assimilationB.integrationC.multiculturalismD.gender equality13.【单选题】What are Ireland's chief exports?A.Foodstuffs(especially beef), electrical machinery, and chemicals.B.Wool, dairy products and fruit.C.Motor vehicles, electrical machinery and petroleum.D.Coal, mining equipment and textiles.14.【单选题】The Mabo Judgement passed by Australia's High Court in June 1992 overturned the concept of terra nullius, which means ________.A.“ land belonging to no one ”B.“ land unknown to everyone ”C. “ Wonderland ”D. “ Dreamtime ”15.【单选题】A fault line runs the length of New Zealand, which means that it often has________.A.floodsB.volcanic eruptionsC.earthquakesD.droughts16.【单选题】For electoral purposes Britain is divided into 659 constituencies, each of whichreturns ________to the House of Commons.A.one memberB.two membersC.three membersD.four members17.【单选题】Which often following statements is not true about British coal mining?A.Brition has used up almost all coal depositsB.The demand for British coal has declined.C.Petroleum, water power, and electric power replacing coal for many purposes.D.The old British mines are narrow and deep, making it difficult to use machines第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：D2.正确答案：B3.正确答案：B4.正确答案：B5.正确答案：C6.正确答案：C7.正确答案：B8.正确答案：C9.正确答案：D10.正确答案：C11.正确答案：B12.正确答案：B13.正确答案：A14.正确答案：C15.正确答案：D16.正确答案：C17.正确答案：C18.正确答案：D19.正确答案：D20.正确答案：B第2卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：B2.正确答案：A3.正确答案：C4.正确答案：A5.正确答案：D6.正确答案：A7.正确答案：C8.正确答案：A9.正确答案：A10.正确答案：D11.正确答案：B12.正确答案：C13.正确答案：A14.正确答案：A15.正确答案：C16.正确答案：A17.正确答案：A。

英语国家概况选择题（英国部分）Exercise 1I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C a ndD are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statements oranswers the question.1. The United Kingdom is located in ____.A. northern EuropeB. western EuropeC. northwestern EuropeD. southeastern Europe2. The two large islands that make up the British Isles are ____.A. Scotland and IrelandB. Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and Northern IrelandD. Great Britain and Ireland3. The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or theCommonwealth of Nations in ____.A. 1921B. 1931C. 1945D. 19504. The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries____.A. that were once colonies of BritainB. that have a large number of British immigrantsC. that have close relations with BritainD. that have fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars5. The English Channel separates the island of Great Britain from ____.A. DenmarkB. BelgiumC. FranceD. the Netherlands6. England has three main land regions. They are the Southwestern Plateau,the Pennines, and ___.A. the Eastern PlainB. the HighlandC. the Central LowlandsD. the Southern Uplands7. Scotland occupies the ____ third of the island of Great Britain in theBritish Isles.A. southernB. northernC. easternD. western8. Northern Ireland, which takes up the northern fifth of Ireland, is afourth political division of ____.A. the United KingdomB. IrelandC. ScotlandD. Wales9. Britain’s longest rivers are ____.A. the Severn and the ClydeB. the Thames and the ClydeC. the Clyde and the HumberD. the Severn and the Thames10. The largest lake in the British Isles is ____.A. Loch LomondB. Loch NeaghC. WindermereD. Ullswater11. Britain’s climate is influenced by____, a warm ocean current that passesthe western coast of the British Isles and warms them.A. the North Atlantic DriftB. the Brazil CurrentC. the Labrador CurrentD. the Falkland Current12. The English people and the English language were born from the unionof ____.A. the Angles and the SaxonsB. Germanic conquerors and the Norman FrenchC. Danes or Vikings and the Norman FrenchD. Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons13. Generally speaking the English southerners speak the type of Englishcloser to ____.A. the CockneyB. the Queen’s EnglishC. the GaelicD. the BBC English14. Although Wales has been united with England for more than 400 years, t heWelsh has kept alive ____.A. their own languageB. their own literatureC. their own traditionD. All of the above15. The Eisteddfod is a(n) ____ festival of poetry, music and other arts.A. EnglishB. ScottishC. WelshD. Irish16. Nowadays the Gaelic language, which is an ancient____, is still heard inthe Highlands and the Western Isles.A. Scottish languageB. English languageC. Irish languageD. Celtic language17. Many Sc ottish names begin with M’, Mc or Mac, which means__A. father ofB. sun ofC. son ofD. some of18. In Northern Ireland ____ make up the dominant group.A. Roman CatholicsB. English ProtestantsC. non-religious peopleD. Jewish people19. Northern Ireland is small, but it is significant because of the__A. the economic problemsB. the political troublesC. the immigration issuesD. the national identity20. About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War ll.They are mainly from the West Indies, India and____.A. IndonesiaB. SingaporeC. Hong KongD. Pakistankey 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.B 1l.A 12.D 13.D l4.D 15.C 16.D 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DExercises 2I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C a ndD are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statements or answers the question.1. The first known settlers of Britain were the ____.A. CeltsB. IberiansC. Beaker FolkD. Romans2. The Celts' religion was ____.A. BuddhismB. IslamC. DruidismD. Christianity3. Roman control was only effective in ____.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. LondonD. The southeast of Britain4. Christianity was first brought to England by the ____.A. RomansB. CeltsC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Danes5. The Romans remained in control of Britain for nearly 400 years and theypulled out in ____.A. 306 ADB. 410 ADC. 446 ADD. 1066 AD6. Which of the following tribes came to Britain first?A. The Angles.B. The Saxons.C. The Gaels.D. The Jutes.7. ____ became the first real king of England, though he did not assume thatstyle.A. OffaB. EgbertC. VortigernD. Hengist8. ____ became the first Archbishop of Canterbury.A. ColumbaB. EthelbertC. St. AugustineD. Egbert9. The Vikings began to attack various parts of England from the end of the____century.A. 7thB. 8thC. 9thD.10th10. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. The Anglo-Saxons.B. The Normans.C. The Vikings.D. The Romans11. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Alfred the Great started the English navy.B. Alfred the Great reorganized the Saxon any, making it more efficient.C. Alfred the Great established schools and formulated a legal System.D. Alfred the Great impose a tax, called the Danegeld, on the Saxons.12. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Canute was chosen by the Witan as king of England.B. Canute was a warrior king and fought many battles against the Norman s.C. Canute divided power between Danes and Saxons.D. Canute forced Malcolm II, king of the Scots, to recognize him as overlo rd.13. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Edward the Confessor was more French than English.B. Edward the Confessor filled his court with 'foreign' favorites.C. Edward the Confessor was on very good terms with his father-in-law, Ea rl Godwin.D. Edward the Confessor appointed a Norman priest Archbishopof Canterbury.14. When Edward the Confessor died, ____was chosen by the Witan as king Of England. A. the king of NorwayB. Harold Godwinson, Earl of WessexC. Edgar, Edward's nephewD. Tostig, the deposed Earl of Northumbria15. Tostig, Harold's brother, joined____, and made an attempt to recover his lo st earldom of Northumbria.A. Harold Hardrada, King of NorwayB. Edgar, Edward's nephewC. Malcolm II, King of the ScotsD. Hardicanute16. William, Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings in____.A. 1086B. 1066C. 1035D. 138117. William won the Battle of Hastings. Later, on____, he was crowned king of England. A. Easter Day B. St. Andrew's DayC. Christmas DayD. Boxing Day18. William, Duke of Normandy, is now known as____.A. William the ConfessorB. William Lion-HeartC. the father of the British navyD. William the Conqueror19. Most of the land belonging to the Saxons was confiscated by William and given to__ __.A. the Norman baronsB. the DanesC. the IrishD. the Scots20. The Norman Conquest is perhaps ____event in English history.A. a triflingB. the best-knownC. a horrifyingD. a sensational1. B2. C3. D4. A5. B6. C7. B8. C9. B l0. A11. D 12. B l3. C l4. B l5. A 16. B 17. C l8. D 19. A 20. BExercises 3I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each u nfinished stat-ement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statements or ans wers the question.1. In the reign of William I, the ____were at the bottom of the feudal scale.A. knightsB. villeinsC. lesser noblesD. freemen2. The Domesday Book was completed in____.A. 1086B. 1085C. 1087D. 10063. When William I died in Normandy in ____he left England to his second sonWilliam.A. 1100B. 1153C. 1087D. 11354. William II was known as William Rufus because of his____A. independenceB. efficiencyC. filial pietyD. red complexion5. ____ was the founder of the Plantagenet dynasty and ruled England for 35years.A. Henry IB. King StephenC. Henry IID. Count of Anjou6. William Rufus (William II) was killed by an arrow when he was hunting in__ __ inAugust l100.A. the New ForestB. PevenseyC. WinchesterD. Gloucester7. Henry II took some measures to bring the disorders of ____reign to an end.A. Henry I'sB. King Stephen'sC. William II'sD. Edward the Confessor's8. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Henry II did some renovations of castles built in Stephen's time.B. Henry II recalled grants of Royal lands made by Stephen.C. Henry II strengthened the powers of his sheriffs.D. Henry II relied for armed support upon a militia made up of EnglishFreemen.9. Henry II divided the country into ____circuits and appointed travelingjudges to each of them.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six10. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The Bishop's courts could punish by means of censure.B. The Bishop's courts could inflict corporal punishment.C. The Bishop's courts could punish by means of excommunication.D. The Bishop's courts could punish by mean of penance.11. After Thomas Becket rejected the Constitutions of Clarendon Henry II____.A. appointed him Chancellor of EnglandB. made him Archbishop of CanterburyC. drove him into exileD. increased the Jurisdiction of the church courts12. Thomas Becket spent ____years on the continent and returned to England in1l70.A. fourB. fiveC. sixD. seven13. The Great Charter (or Magna Carta) was signed by KingJohn at Runnyme dein____.A. 1162B. 1164C. 1210D. 121514. Simon de Montfort summoned in____ the Great Council to meet atWestminster, together with two knights from each county and two citizen sfrom each town.A. 1242B. 1258C. 1265D. 126615. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. In the 13th century a Black Rod went between the two Houses ofParliament for liaison and to discipline the members.B. In the 13th century Parliament only met by royal invitation.C. In the 13th century Parliament's role was to offer advice, not to make d ecisions.D. In the 13th century the most important part of Parliament was the Hou se of Lords.16. During the reign of ____, Wales was brought under English rule.A. Henry IIIB. Edward IC. Edward IID. Edward III17. ____ became the first prince to hold the title of Prince of Wales, whichcontinues to be borne by the eldest son of the reigning monarch.A. Richard IB. Henry IIIC. Edward IID. Edward III18. The chief demand of the peasants during the Peasant Uprising of 1381 w as____.A. the abolition of villeinageB. the punishment of the King's ministersC. the increase of wagesD. the reform of the church19. Wat Tyler was killed by William Walworth, ____.A. Archbishop of YorkB. Mayor of LondonC. Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Treasurer20. The Peasant Uprising of 1381 did not direct against____.A. the rich clergyB. the lawyersC. the landownersD. the town traders1. B2. A3.C4. D5. C6. A7. B8. A9. D l0. B11. C l2. C 13. D l4. C 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. A l9. B 20. DExercises 4I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C a ndD are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statements or answers the question.1.The name of Wars of the Roses was, in fact, coined by the great 19th century novelist ____.A. Charles DickensB. George ElliotC. Sir Walter ScottD. Charlotte Bronte2. Although the Wars of the Roses were fought intermittently for ____ years,ordinary people were little affected and went about their business as usual.A. 20B. 30C. 40D. 503. No less than____ nobles of royal blood were killed in the Wars of the Rose s.A. 80B. 90C. 100D. 1104. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Henry VII refilled the royal treasury through loans, subsidies, property le vies andfines.B. Henry VII forbade the nobles to keep excessive power.C. Henry VII built up England's navy and foreign trade.D. Henry VII completely neglected parliament as though it never existed.5. Henry VIII declared himself Supreme Head of the Church of England in ___ _.A. 1529B. 1534C. 1535D. 15476. Queen Mary burnt at stake some ____men and women who refused to cha ngeback to the Catholic faith.A. 300B. 350C. 400D. 4507. Mary died childless and her half-sister Elizabeth came to the throne asElizabeth I in ____.A. 1547B. 1558C. 1588D. 16038. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Elizabeth I broke Mary's ties with Rome.B. Elizabeth I restored her father's independent Church of England.C. Elizabeth I's religious reform was a compromise of views.D. Elizabeth I's religious settlement was acceptable to both extreme Protest ants andardent Catholics.9. The Renaissance began in northern Italy in the early ____century, and wastypified by the universal genius of Leonardo Da Vinci.A. 11thB. 12thC. 13thD. 14th10. The English Renaissance is said to have begun in ____.A. 1422B. 1478C. 1485D. 149511. James VI of Scotland succeeded Elizabeth I and became James I of Engla ndin ____.A. 1601B. 1603C. 1615D. 162512. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The Puritans believed that the Reformation had gone too far.B. The Puritans became very powerful in Parliament.C. The Puritans were very happy when they heard that Jameshad become king ofEngland.D. The Puritans called for a purer form of worship.13. The Puritans suspected James I of England being a secret ____because ofhis pro-Spanish foreign policy and his son's Spanish marriage alliance.A. BuddhistB. CatholicC. ProtestantD. Muslim14. In ____ a small group of Puritans sailed from Plymouth in the Mayflower,and found New Plymouth in America, Britain's first settlement in the NewWorld.A. 1614B. 1615C. 1620D. 162115. The Great Civil War, as it became known, lasted from ____ until 1646.A. 1639B. 1640C. 1641D. 164216. When the First Civil War broke out ____men were at Charles I's command.A. 1,000B. 2,000C. 3,000D. 4,00017. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of Englan d in 1653 by the Petition of Right.B. Oliver Cromwell crushed without mercy a rebellion in Ireland.C. Oliver Cromwell suppressed the Levellers, a group within his own army whoadvocated total religious and social equality.D. Oliver Cromwell replaced the Rump with an assembly largely chosen by himself.18. In 1660 the monarchy was restored and Charles I's son was brought backfrom ____, where he had fled for safety.A. FlandersB. FranceC. HollandD. Germany19. After the Restoration, Parliament passed a series of severe laws called____against the Puritans, now known as Conformists.A. Agreement of PeopleB. The Petition of RightC. The Clarendon CodeD. The Act of Supremacy20. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The Bill of Rights excluded any Roman Catholics from the succession.B. The Bill of Rights confirmed the principle of parliamentarysupremacy.C. The Bill of Rights guaranteed free speech within both the House of Lor ds and the House of Commons.D. The Bill of Rights requested that no taxes should be raised without con sent ofParliament.1.C2. B3.A4.D5.C6.A7.B8.D9.D 10.C 11.B 12.A 13. B 14. C 15.D 16.A 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.D。

英语国家概况考试试卷注意：请将所有试题答案做在试卷二上，做在试卷一上不得分试卷一Part I Choose the correct answer. (1’×50=50’)1．The British Isles are made up of ________A. two large islands and hundreds of small onesB. two large islands and Northern IrelandC. three large islands and hundreds of small onesD. three large islands and Northern Ireland2. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. They are _____A. Britain, Scotland and WalesB. England, Scotland and WalesC. Britain, Scotland and IrelandD. England, Scotland and Ireland3. In British history, both Saxons and Angels came from ________A. northern EuropeB. northern GermanyC. southern EuropeD. southern Germany4. It was _________ who laid the foundations of the English state.A. the VikingsB. the DanesC. the CeltsD. the Anglo-Saxons5._________ is perhaps the best-known event in English history.A. The Norman Conquest of 1066B. The Great Charter of 1215C. The Hundred Years’ War with FranceD. The English Renaissance6. In the reign of the Norman kings ___________ flowered on the English soil.A. the German cultureB. the British cultureC. the Danish cultureD. the Norman culture7. Black Death, an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas, spread through Europe in the ____centuryA.13thB. 14thC. 15thD. 16th 8. The English Renaissance achieved its finest expression in __________A. Elizabethan dramaB. Leonardo Da Vinci’s worksC. Thomas Moor’s worksD. Thomas Wyatt’s poems9. The English Civil War had been seen as a conflict between ________A. the Commons and the LordsB. the King and the BaronsC. Parliament and the KingD. the Crown and the Church10. Two of the most famous literary works of late 17th century England were John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress and _________A. William Shakespeare’s HamletB. Francis Bacon’s EssaysC. John Milton’s Paradise LostD. Christopher Marlowe’s Tamburlaine11. In Britain, ________ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.A. the ToriesB. the PuritainsC. the WhigsD. the Anglo-Americans12. As a result of the Industrial Revolution, Britain became ________A. “the shop of the world”B. “the workshop of the world”C. “the centre of the world”D. “the leader of the world”13. ________ is generally regarded as the greatest writer in the English languageA. Christopher MarloweB. William ShakespeareC. Edmund SpenserD. Charles Dickens14. In Britain, the prime minister is the leader of the party that holds the most seats in ___A. the House of LordsB. the House of CommonsC. the SenateD. the House of Representatives15. In Britain, private schools or independent schools are called __________A. grammar schoolsB. high schoolsC. public schoolsD. state schools16. In American, the first English colony was founded at _______ in 1607.A. Jamestown, VirginiaB. Plymouth, MassachusettsC. New AmsterdamD. Boston, Massachusetts17. The first immigrants in American history came from _______ and _________A. Ireland/FranceB. England / ChinaC. Scotland / EnglandD. England / the Netherlands18. The British established 13 colonies along ___________A. the west coast of North AmericaB. the west coast of South AmericaC. the east coast of North AmericaD. the east coast of South America19. The American War of Independence began with ________A. the battles of TrentonB. the Boston Tea PartyC. the battles of Lexington and ConcordD. the battles of Gettysburg20. The declaration of Independence was drafted by ________A. Abraham LincolnB. John AdamsC. Benjamin FranklinD. Thomas Jefferson21. The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by _______ during the Civil WarA. George WashingtonB. Abraham LincolnC. Thomas JeffersonD. Franklin Roosevelt22. The 1920s in the U.S. has been described as a period of __________A. cultural revivalB. loss of purposeC. development in science and technologyD. material success and spiritual frustration23. McCarthyism refers to the anti-Communist hysteria whipped up by senator McCarthy ______A. after world war IB. during world war IIC. in the early 1950sD. in the 1960s24. The famous leader of black movements in the U.S. in the 60s is _________A. Abraham LincolnB. George GarrisonC. Douglas MoorD. Martin Luther King25. The functions of institutions of higher education in the U.S. are _______A. research and teachingB. teaching and degree awardingC. professional training, teaching and public serviceD. teaching, research and public service26. Walt Whitman’s masterpiece is ________A. Leaves of GrassB. Song of MyselfC. A tramp AbroadD. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 27.The_____, the backbone of the North American continent, is also known as the Continental Divide.A. AppalachiansB. RockiesC. Blue Ridge MountainsD. Great Smokies28. The American Constitution was drawn up in 1787 when _________A. the War of Independence was startedB. the War of Independence was wonC. the American Civil War was startedD. the American Civil War was won29. 2. The general election in America is held every _____ years.A. 5B. 4C. 6D. 330. Among the following authors, the one who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, is __A. T. S. EliotB. Emily DickensonC. Walt WhitmanD. Richard Wright31. The legal holiday observed annually in the U.S. on the fourth Thursday of November is _____A. Independence DayB. Thanksgiving DayC. Washington’s BirthdayD. Halloween32. The theme of Thanksgiving has always been ____________.A. friendship and happinessB. peace and plentyC. cooperation and rich rewardD. love and happiness33. By long custom, nationally observed holidays in the U.S. include the following except ______A. ChristmasB. V alentine’s DayC. Lincoln’s BirthdayD. Mid-Summer’s Day34. In terms of area Canada is the ________ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest35. The first British settlers in Canada were _______ who refused to fight against the British army the War of American Independence.A. French refugeesB. British merchantsC. American refugeesD. French reformers36. Australia was originally inhabited by ________.A. IndiansB. EskimosC. MaorisD. Aborigines37. _______ is the oldest of the Australian states because it was the first colony established by Britain第2页（本试卷共5 页）in 1788.A. VictoriaB. New South WalesC. South AustraliaD. Queensland38. _________ is an integral and pervasive influence on national life and culture of Ireland.A. ProtestantismB. CatholicismC. Calvinist doctrineD. Idealism39. In Ireland, the constitution provides for both ________ as official languages.A. Irish and EnglishB. English and FrenchC. Irish and FrenchD. English and Welsh40. The capital of New Zealand is __________.A. WellingtonB. ChristchurchC. HamiltonD. Auckland41. The original inhabitants of New Zealand are called ________.A. EskimosB. AboriginesC. IndiansD. Maoris42.The largest city in Australia is _______.A.CanberraB.MelbourneC.SydneyD.Perth43.The climate in New Zealand is ________.A.subtropicalB.arcticC.temperateD.tropical44. _______is/are mainly responsible for education in Australia.A.Federal governmentB.State governmentC.Territory assembliesD.Municipal government45.Of the following,____ is not among the 3 major Australian Parties.A.The Labor PartyB.The National PartyC.The Liberal PartyD.The Australian Democrats46.The Commonwealth of Australia was established in ______.A.1847B.1885C.1900D.190147. Franklin Roosevelt’s program for the depression was called .A. ProgressivismB. laissez faireC. New FreedomD. New Deal48._______is celebrated as New Zealand ‘s National Day.A.February 6B.July 4thC.June 14thD.June 4th49.The most well-known Irish writer is _____. He introduces the stream of consciousness technique.A. Mark TwainB.Emily DickinsonC. James JoyceD.Charles Dickens50.In Ireland the head of state is the ______.A.Prime MinisterB.PresidentC.British monarchD.General GovernorPart II Give one-sentence answer to the following questions. (3’×10=30’)1.What is the official name of Great Britain?2.In the election of 1979, who became the first woman prime minister in Britain?3.In Britain, what does BBC stand for?4.What are the two major political parties in the United States?5.What is the principal river in the United States?6.Why is Australia a dry land?7.When did Ireland declare itself a republic?8.What animal is regarded as a national symbol of New Zealand?9. How many large cities do you know in Canada ?10. In New Zealand what is the Treaty of Waittangi ?PartIII Explain the following items either in English or in Chinese. (5’×4=20’)1.The Industrial Revolution2.English Renaissance3.The Declaration of Independence4.Separation of powers英语国家概况考试试卷第3页（本试卷共5 页）第 4 页 （本试卷共 5 页 ）学院： 专业： 班级： 姓名： 学号： 授课教师：试 卷 二Part I Choose the correct answer. (1’×50=50’)1．[A][B][C][D] 16.[A][B][C][D] 31.[A][B][C][D] 46.[A][B][C][D] 2．[A][B][C][D] 17.[A][B][C][D] 32.[A][B][C][D] 47.[A][B][C][D]3．[A][B][C][D] 18.[A][B][C][D] 33.[A][B][C][D] 48.[A][B][C][D]4．[A][B][C][D] 19.[A][B][C][D] 34.[A][B][C][D] 49.[A][B][C][D]5．[A][B][C][D] 20.[A][B][C][D] 35.[A][B][C][D] 50.[A][B][C][D] 6．[A][B][C][D] 21.[A][B][C][D] 36.[A][B][C][D] 7．[A][B][C][D] 22.[A][B][C][D] 37.[A][B][C][D] 8．[A][B][C][D] 23.[A][B][C][D] 38.[A][B][C][D]9．[A][B][C][D] 24.[A][B][C][D] 39.[A][B][C][D] 10 [A][B][C][D] 25.[A][B][C][D] 40.[A][B][C][D] 11.[A][B][C][D] 26.[A][B][C][D] 41.[A][B][C][D] 12.[A][B][C][D] 27.[A][B][C][D] 42.[A][B][C][D] 13.[A][B][C][D] 28.[A][B][C][D] 43.[A][B][C][D] 14.[A][B][C][D] 29.[A][B][C][D] 44.[A][B][C][D]15 [A][B][C][D] 30.[A][B][C][D] 45.[A][B][C][D]Part II Give one-sentence answer to the following questions. (3’×10=30’)1. What is the official name of Great Britain?2. In the election of 1979, who became the first woman prime minister in Britain?3. In Britain, what does BBC stand for?4. What are the two major political parties in the United States?5. What is the principal river in the United States?6. Why is Australia a dry land?7. When did Ireland declare itself a republic?8. What animal is regarded as a national symbol of New Zealand? 9. How many large cities do you know in Canada ? 10. In New Zealand what is the Treaty of WaittangiPartIII Explain the following items either in English or in Chinese. (5’×4=20’)1. The Industrial Revolution2. English Renaissance3. The Declaration of Independence4. Separation of powers英语国家概况考试试卷 (答案)Part I: Choose the correct answer. (1’×50=50’)1-5: A B B D A 6-10: D B A C C11- 15: A B B B C16- 20: A D C C D21-25: B D C D D26-30: A B B B A31-35: B B D B C36-40: D B B A A41-45: B C C B D46-50: D D A C BPart II Give one-sentence answer to the following questions. (3’×10=30’)1．The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2．Margaret Thatcher3．British Broadcasting Corporation4．The Republic Party and the Democratic Party.5．The Mississippi6．Because more than half of Australia is covered by dry lands.7．In 19498．The Kiwi.9．Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver .10.It’s an agreement between the chiefs of the Maori people and the Brithish Crown. Part ⅢExplain the following items either in English or in Chinese. (5’×4=20’)1.The Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanizaton ofindustry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and 19th centuries.2.English Renaissance: Politically, the English Renaissance marks the end of the period ofcivil war among the old feudal aristocracy in mid-15th century, and the establishment of amodern, efficient, centralized state. Technically, the date is close to that of the introduction of printing into England. And culturally, the first important period in England was the reign of the second Tudor monarch, Henry VIII.3.It it an important document in the war of Independence. Thomas Jefferson drafted theDeclaration of Independence. On July 4,1776, the Congress adopted the declaration. It marked the indepencence of the United States.4.Separation of powers is the concept thought to be the safeguards of the U.S. government.The government is divided into three branches: the legislative, the executive and the judicial. Each branch has part of the powers but not all the power. And each branch of government can check or block the actions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This is called “caecks and balances”第5页（本试卷共5 页）。

《英语国家概况》模拟试卷（二）(考试时间150分钟) (英语专业)I. Direction: Read the following unfinished statements of questions carefully. For each unfinished statement of question four suggested answers A; B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your answer sheet (25%)1. There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four2. Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses of which the most important matters could be seen in three of the following except _______.A. no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council;B. no serf should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the landC. London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privilegesD. There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country.3. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ________ modified and improved the design in 1765.A. Abraham DarbyB. James WattC. John KayD. Richard Arkwright4. In some areas factory farming methods are used, particularly for ________.A. growing cropB. producing milkC. catching fishD. rearing poultry5. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House6. Under the Anglo - Irish Treaty, Britain established _______ with dominion status in Ireland in 1921.A. the Anglican Church of IrelandB. the Irish Free StateC. the Irish Republican ArmyD. the Anglo - Irish Intergovernmental Council7. Irish broadcasting began in ______ in a small studio called Dublin Broadcasting Station.A. 1906B. 1916C. 1926D. 19368. _______ realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery.A. Frederick DouglassB. George WashingtonC. John AdamsD. Abraham Lincoln9. But even after the abolition of slavery, organized or individual discrimination was practiced against ______.A. Chinese - AmericansB. American IndiansC. Japanese - AmericansD. black Americans10. From 1948 to 1966 average yearly growth in real spendable earnings was ______ percent in the United States.A. 1.1B. 2.1C. 3.1D. 4.111. After a period of prosperity (1920 ~ 1929), government involvement in the economy increased _________.A. during the Great DepressionB. after the WW IC. after the WW IID. during the Cold War12. The United States grows nearly _____ of the world’s grain and s upplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world.A. one thirdB. one fourthC. one sixthD. one seventh13. Through the Department of _____, the President is responsible for the protection of Americans abroad and of foreign nationals in the United States.A. StateB. JusticeC. LaborD. Defense14. The community college embodies ________ belief that an education should be practical as well as liberal.A. George Washington’sB. Thomas Jefferson’sC. Abraham Lincoln’sD. Franklin Roosevelt’s15. The exploratory voyage made by ______ brought to a close to an era of European discovery of Australia that had lasted nearly two hundred years.A. Arthur PhilipB. Mathew FlindersC. Port JacksonD. Peter Lalor16. After the outbreak of the First World War, Australia followed Britain’s lead and declared war on ________.A. JapanB. TurkeyC. ItalyD. Germany17. The European discovery of Canada can be traced back to the end of the ______ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16thD. 17th18. Northern provinces and territories tale up _____ of Canada.A. halfB. two thirdsC. one thirdD. four fifths19. In New Zealand, hydroelectricity from rivers and dams supplies ________ of total energy.A. 15%B. 16%C. 17%D. 18%20. In the United States, Halloween is night - time ______ holiday.A. children’sB. men’sC. women’sD. old men’s21. Australia is generally divided into the following three topographical regions except _____.A. the Great Western PlateauB. the OutbackC. the Eastern HighlandsD. the Central Eastern Lowlands22. In Britain the succession order of the Crown can be altered only by common consent of _____.A. all members of the royal familyB. the House of Lords and the House of CommonsC. cabinet and ministryD. the countries of the Commonwealth23. New Zealand is the world’s largest exporters of ________.A. lambB. expertiseC. honeyD. potatoes24. Today _____ is Ireland’s most influential daily.A. the Irish PressB. the Irish IndependenceC. the Irish TimesD. the Irish Daily25. In the United States, _____ is a leading commercial crop in the South.A. cottonB. tobaccoC. peanutD. appleII. Directions Read each of the following statements carefully and see if it is true of false. Put T if you think it is true of F if you think it is false in the corresponding space on you answer sheet. (15%)1. ______ William Walworth launched the Peasant Revolt of 1381 in England.2. ______ In the English Civil War, the Puritans were not the King’s opponents.3. ______ The Chartists could be roughly divided into two groups: the Moral Force Chartists andthe Physical Force Chartists.4. ______ In Britain, changes of Government do not involve changes in departmental staff, who continue to carry out their duties whichever party is in power.5. ______ The British criminal law presumes the innocence of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.6. ______ As committed to the goal of a united Ireland, Dublin refuses to negotiate a settlement of the problem of Northern Ireland with London.7. ______ After the abolition of slavery, organized or individual discrimination was never practiced against black Americans.8. ______ When the Korean War broke out in June, 1950, Truman sent the 7th Fleet to the Taiwan Straits to prevent the PLA from liberating Taiwan.9. ______ Canada possesses rich and vast natural resources which are significant in the Canadian economy.10. ______ The rich green mountains and valleys make New Brunswick Nova Scotia, Prince Edward island, and Newfoundland the most beautiful in Canada.11. ______ The minerals and energy industry is supplementary to the Australian economy.12. ______ Captain Matthew Flinder’s exploratory voyage to Australia between 1802 and 1803 brought a close to an era of European discovery.13. ______ In 1995, about 14% of the US population lived under the poverty line.14. ______ In 1948, Ireland voted itself out of the British Common wealth.15. ______ Formal education in the United States consists of elementary, secondary and higher education.III. Directions: For each of the following blanks, only one word is suitable. Write the word in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (25%)1. The England Civil War not only overthrew _____ in England, but also undermined the feudal rule in Europe.2. Two of the most important literary writers of the late 17th Century England were _____ and _____. Both were Puritans.3. During the WW II, the leaders of the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain met at ______, _______ and _______ conferences.4. The American War of Independence show that a ______ nation can defeat a _______ one.5. Canada’s early economic development was founded on a number of resource - based ______: fishing, forestry, _______ and mining.6. Britain is a welfare state which is funded out of ______ and ______.7. The government education departments _____ education policies and are also responsible for the ________ and training of teachers.8. The South’s lending industries are those that make use of the _______ supply of natural resources and _____ materials.9. The Senate serves a term of _____ years, and every two years, _______ of the Senators stands for re - election.10. Fianna Fail continues to demand that the British be withdrawn from ______ but it opposes the use of violence to achieve this goal.11. Australia’s two territories ar e Australian Capital Territory and ________.12. Australia’s rural children can learn their lessons through a radio educational system called _____.13. According to the Treaty of Waitangi, if Maori owners wanted to sell _______, only the Crown had the right to ______.14. Mrs. Thatcher’s government used both _____ and _______ policies to improve the efficiency of the British economy in the 1980’s.15. In 1885 ________ was completed and the country was linked from coast to coast.16. Ireland is a ______ republic and a unitary state under the 1937 Constitution.17. The highest peak of Britain is ______. It is about ________ meters high, located in the Highlands of Scotland.18. ________ is the largest and most populous of the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain.19. In the 1770s _______ visited New Zealand and claimed it for England.20. The New York Stock Market crash of 1929 marked the beginning of ________.21. By 1918 car _______ had reached 2.5 million, which showed the United States was on the way to becoming a nation on ______.22. The Paris Conference ending the First World War was dominated by the Big Four: the United States, _______, France, and _______.23. Many of Canada’s earliest settlements were founde d by fur traders and _______.24. Besides the Great Lakes, Canada is also endowed with three “inland seas”, known as _______, Lake Winnipeg and ________.25. In the UK, the party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House becomes _______, with is one leader, and forms a ________.26. The Governor - General of a Commonwealth state is appointed by the Queen on the advice of ______ of the country concerned and completely independent of the British Government.27. In 1453 England was at last defeated in the ______ Years War. At that time power in England was in the hands of a number of rich and ______ nobles.28. During the First Civil War of the England Bourgeois Revolution, those who stood on the side of the king were called ________ and those who supported the Parliament were called ______ because of their short haircuts.29. The legislative body in the province of Quebec is called the “National Assembly” while in Newfoundland it is called ________.30. Canadian law has its source in ______ and judicial _____, and also in British “common law”.31. During World War II, Australian women took over the _______ left vacant by men who were engaged in the _______ effort.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (15%)1. Thatcherism2. diversity of American education3. the Canadian Shield4. Australia’s service industries5. the New DealV. Directions: Give a brief answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (12%)1. Look at a physical map of the United States and find out and name the main monition ranges, rivers and lakes in the United States.2. How many constituencies are there in Britain today?How many members are there in the House of Commons?3. What were the effects of European settlement on the Aborigines?4. Sinn FeinVI. Directions: Write between 100 ~ 150 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (8%)1. Tell briefly the history of the two - party system in the United States. What are the characteristics of the two major parties in the United States today?全国高等教育自学考试模拟试卷(二)英语国家概况参考答案I.1. C2. B3. B4. D5. A6. B7. C8. D9. D 10. B11. A 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. D 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. A21. B 22. D 23. A24. C 25. AII.1. F2. F3. T4. T5. T6. F7. F8. T9. T10. T 11. F 12. T 13. T 14. F 15. TIII.1. the feudal system2. John Bunyon, John Milton3. Teheran; Yalta; Potsdam4. strong5. industry; agriculture6. contributions national insurance, taxation7. formulate; supply8. abundant; raw9. one, one third10. Northern Ireland11. Northern Territory12. School of the air13. land; buy14. macreconomic, microeconomic15. the Canadian Pacific Railway16. Parliamentary17. Ben Nevis; 1,300018. England19. Captain James Cook20. the Great Depression21. registration; wheels22. Britain; Italy23. trappers24. Great Bear Lake; Great Slave Lake25. the Opposition, Shadow cabinet26. the ministers27. Hundred, ambitious28. Cavaliers, Roundheads29. House of Assembly30. Acts; decisions31. jobs, warsIV.1. ThatcherismThe election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly referred to as Thatcherism. It included the return to private ownership of state - owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions, the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order.2. diversity of American educationDiversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education. This can be seen not only in type, size and control of the institutions, but educational policies and practices. As is stated by the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, education is a function of the state, not the federal govemment. As each state has the freedom to develop its own school system and delegates its power over education to local districts, many variations can be found in the education system of the 50 states.3. the Canadian ShieldThe Canadian Shield is a semicircular band of rocky highlands and plateaus around Hudson Bay from the northern shores of Quebec to the Arctic shores of the Northwest Territories. It is a region of rounded hills, and tens of thousands of lakes and swamps.4. Australia’s service industriesService industries are also called “tertiary industy”. This sector now includes an additional “quaternary” level, which covers the research, processing and storage of information. Australia’s service sector is the fastestgrowing one. It has been growing in importance, due to higher living standards and greater demand for more and better transport and housing, and the expansion by government of educational, health and welfare services.5. the New DealIn order to deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt put forward the New Deal program. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security systems. TheNew Deal helped to save American democracy and the development of American economy.V.1. Look at a physical map of the United States and find out and name the main monition ranges, rivers and lakes in the United States.There are two main mountain ranges in the United States. They are the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky Mountains. There are many important rivers in the United States. The Mississippi River and its two branches, the Missouri River and the Ohio River, flow south to the Gulf of Mexico. On the Pacific side there are two great rivers: the Colorado River and the Columbia River. The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States. Other well known rivers include the Hudson River which meets the Atlantic Ocean at New Yurk and the Potomac boarding the national capital of Washington. The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lade Michigan.2. How many constituencies are there in Britain today?How many members are there in the House of Commons?To hold general elections, Britain is divided into 651 constituencies, each of which returns one member to the House of Commons. There are 651 members in the House of Commnos.3. What were the effects of European settlement on the Aborigines?White settlement in 1788 proved disastrous for the Aborigines. (1) Aboriginal culture and society were totally disrupted because of a total conflict of cultures. (2) The loss o land to white people led to the breakdown of their tribal life because Aboriginal culture was based on the land. (3) After losing their land, Aborigines became dependent on white handouts. They copied the European habit of drinking alcohol, which destroyed large numbers of Aborigines. (4) The whites also brought many diseases which the Aborigines had no resistance to. (5) All these, combined with the violence between Europeans and Aborigines resulted in the drastically reduction in Aboriginal population. The Aborigines have always been in unfavorable position ever since 1788. The Aborigines still face legal, political, economic and social discrimination today.4. Sinn FeinSinn Fein was the Irish guerrilla movement that wrested independence from the British in 1921. It spit in 1921 over the Anglo - Irish Treaty and became two parties, Fianna Fail and Fine Gael, which remains to be the two major political parties in Ireland today.VI.1. Tell briefly the history of the two - party system in the United States. What are the characteristics of the two major parties in the United States today?There nave been four periods in the history of the two - party system in the United States.(1) During the Ratification period, the first two major parties appeared. They were the Federalists and the Anti - Federalists. After the adoption of the Bill of Rights, the Anti - Federalists began to call themselves Democratic - Republicans. The Federalists gradually disintegrated. (2) After the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson, the Democratic - Republican Party split. The main faction led by Jackson was called the Whig Party which formed in 1834. As the struggle over slavery intensified, the majority of the Whig Party, part of the democrats, and other anti - slavery elements formed the Republican Party in 1854. (3) From 1860s to 1920s, the Republican Party dominated the political scene. (4) From the time of President Franklin Roosevelt to the 1980s, the DemocraticParty was dominant, with short interruptions.Traditionally, the Democrats support government intervention in the economy and a strong social security system. While the Republicans stress the role of the market more and oppose large government social security programs. But the two parties are not really very different. They both believe in individualism, defend capitalism and uphold private ownership of means of production. Their organizations are both very loose. But they are both very significant in political life.。

F ----- 1 .People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country・T ----- 2.The Severn River is the longest river of Britain ,which originates in Wales and flows through western England.F ----- 3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language・F ----- .In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.F ----- 5.Although the climate in Britain is generally mild ,the temperature in northern Scotlandoften falls bellow-10°C in January.T ----- .The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.T ----- 7.The Celtic people were the earliest known in habitants of Britain.T ----- &English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16th century. T ----- l.Birtish history before 55 BC is basically undocumented・T ----- 2.The Anglo Saxon came to Britain in the 5th century・F ----- 3.The chief or king of the Anglo Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.T ----- .The Viking began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.T ----- 5.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of france・F ----- 6.The Magana Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class andtownspeople.F ----- 7.The Hundred Years "War was a series of wars fought between the British and the Vikingsfor trade and territory.T ----- 8.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen ElizabethI actually defended the fruit the Reformation.T ----- l・Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of the England government.F ----- 2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history・F ----- 3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the house of all government powers.F ----- .The British Parliament is the law making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.F ----- 5.The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected・T ----- .The British Prime Minister is the leader of the minority party in Parliament.F ----- 7.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties inParliament.T ----- S.The legal systems in England .Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law,orgalizations and practice.T ----- 1 .Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world•T ----- 2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.F ----- 3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent.F ----- .Thatcher^ revolution turned out to be agreat success in dealing with all the Britisheconomic and social problems.T ----- 5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair was different from that of the old Labor Party and the Conservetive Party.T ----- 6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in oder to separate politics from economic policy.F ----- 7.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history・T ----- 8.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.- 1.The Britain government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.F-F ----- cation inBritain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.F ----- 3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the states system and the independentsystem.T ----- .When children finish their schooling at 16,they are required to take a national GCSE examinatio n・T ----- 5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from in dependent schools.F ----- 6.The Times is the world oldest Sunday newspapers.F ----- 7.The BBC World Service broadcast only in English throughout the world.T ----- & Some British holidays are celebrated to mark important events in the Christian calendar,and some others are related to local customs and traditions.F ----- l.The Canterbury Tales is representative work of the old English period・T ----- 2.The Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classic works.T ----- 3.As a great English peot^Alexander Pope also translated Horner^ Iliad・F ----- .Jhonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language,andRobinson Crusoe is his masterpiece.F ----- 5.William Wordsworth amd Sumuel Taylor Colerdge brought the Romantic Movement to itsheight.F ----- 6.Lord Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short poems,such a s “Odeto the West Winds”.F ----- 7.Jane Austen is a well known novelist of the stream of consciousness school.T ----- 8.Joseph Conrad is classified as a forerunner of Modernism,which prevailed before World War II.F ----- l.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachian Range hold one-third of the country'scontinental territory.T ----- 2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate, with some mild subtropical and tropical zones.T ----- 3. A 50-centimeter rainfall line runs through the middle of the United States.T ----- .New York is composed of five boroughs, in eluding Man hatta n, Brooklyn, the Bronx，Staten Island and Queens・F ----- 5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world-famous Hollywoodis located here.T ----- ・During the 1830s and the 1840s, many Northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America.T ----- 7. Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were Asians.T ----- 8.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of living・T ----- 1.American was named after Amerigo Vespucci,who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.F ----- 2.The Second Continental Congress was held in Fhiadelphia.and the Continental Army andNavy was established under the command of Thomas Jerfferson.T ----- 3.The Amemrican Civil War not only put an end to slavery,but also make American a single,indivisible nation.F ----- 4.Most American people approved of the Vietnam War.T ----- 5.In 1990,American troops and the troops from allied nations took joint military action in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.F ----- 6.According to the American government,Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden wereresponsible for the terrorist event on Septemblel 1,2001.T ----- 7.The Bush administration regarded Iraq a nation among the “axis of the evil：F ----- 8.On March 20,2003.American and United Nations9troops, supposed by several othercountries,began an invasion of Iraq.F ----- l.The Bill of Right was written into the Constitution in 1787.T ----- 2.The form of the American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers and respect for the Constitution and rule of law.F ----- 3.The US Congress consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. T ----- .The judicial branch of the US federal govemmenl consists of a series of courts: the supreme court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.F ----- 5.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology・T ----- .The American presidential campaigns adhere to the 44winner-takes-air, practice.F ----- 7.The American foreign policy throughout World War 2 was neutrality.T ----- &The American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and interventio n.T ----- 1 .America is the world's largest industrial nation.T ----- 2.1n the US Constitution ,the recognition of the importanee of 'intellectual property5 could be identified・F ----- 3.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantations inthe South made more profits from selling their agricultural products.F ----- 4. President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in theearly 1930sF ----- 5. The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American business.T ----- • American agriculture exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.T ----- 7. Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.F ----- 8. The growth and decline of the American foreign trade has little to do with the worldeconom y.T ----- 1. Education is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.T ----- 2. All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.F ----- 3. After 12 years o schooling, American students receive a bachelor^ degree upongraduation ・T ----- . When selecting a college or university, students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.T ----- ually,an undergraduate student has to earn at least 120 credits to receive a degree・F ----- 6. Outstanding graduates of Yale university include President Wilson and more than 80senators ・F ----- 7.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972.F ----- & Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in Novembe匚I .Walt Whitman introduced great innovations to American literature ,and devised a poeticstyle , free verse ・F ----- 2.Emily Dickinson's poems are usually long , exploring the inner life of the individual.F ----- 3.Stephen Crane is famous for his writings about the meeting of America and Europe .T ----- .Ezra Pound leads the School of Imagism , which advocates a clear , highly visual presentation .T ----- 5.Jack Kerouac's On the Road is a representative work of the Beat Writers・T ----- 6.Alice Walker was passionate about the civil rights movements and the women's movement of 1960s , and The Color Purple is her masterpiece .F ----- 7.America's most renowned playwright is Tennessee Williams , and his plays are highlyexperimental in form and style ・T ----- 8.Arthur Miller is concerned with the conflicts of the individual within society , and Death of a Salesman is his masterpiece .II .Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements^1.The two main islands of the British Isles are -----A.Great Britain and IrelandB.Edinburgh3・ Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, ----- is the smallest.D.Northern Ireland4.English belongs to the ------ g roup of the Indo-European family of languages.C.Germantic5・ The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of ------------- w ords to English ・tin and Greek6.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the ---- i nfluence・A.Norman7・ Samuel Joh nsorfs dicti onary was in flue ntial in establishing a stan dard form of -- ・C.spelling8. At present,nearly ------- of the world's populations communicate in English.C.one third1 ・ The ---- a ttack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410・D.Germanic2.By the late 7th century, ----- became the dominant religion in England・D. Roman Christianity3.The ----- m arked the establishment of feudualism in England・C.Norman Conquest4.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of -----C. the House of Tudor5・ The direct cause ofor the Reformation was King Henry Vlll's effort to ---- ・A.divorce his wife6.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between -----B.the Royalist and the Parliamentarianwas passed after the Glorious Revolution.7.A.The Bill of Rights8・ The Industrail Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the ------ entury.C.19th1.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of thefollowing branchs EXCEPT the ----- .C.monarchy2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on ---- .D.p ublic attitude3.As a revising chamber ,the House of Lords is expected to ----- the House of Commons.B.c omplement4.------- i s at the center of the British political system.A.The Cabinet5・ The main duty of the British Privy Council is to ------ ・B.give advice6.Generally speaking,the British Parliament operates on a ----- s ystem.B.two party7.The politices of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and ---- ・D.a belief in individualiam& In Britain,the parliamentary general election is held every ------ years.C.five1.The ------in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A.oil crisis2.Of the following practices, ----- id not belong to Thatcher's social welfare reform.C.reducing unemployment3.The Blair government was successful in the following aspect EXPECT ----- ・D.reducing inequality4.Britain has devoted about ----- f its land area to agriculture.C.70%5.Britain^ important fishing areas include all the following EXCEPT ------ ・D.the sea area between Britain and Ireland6.Coal mining industry in Britain provides ----- the energy consumed in the country.B.one fourth7.The car industry in Britain is mostly ----- .A.foreign owned8.Of the following sectors in Britain, ----- h as experienced spectacular growth since the end ofthe World War II.C.the service sector1.In Britain,the division between granuner schools and vocational schools was ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the ------ ・D.1960s2.Over ------of British children receive primary and secondary education through theindependent system.C.7%3.Partially funded by central government grants,most of the British universities receive theremaining funds from all the following sources EXCEPT ----- ・B」o ans4.To be admitted to the Open University, one needs ----- .B.no educational qualifications5・ Among Britain's quality press,the following newspapers are regarded as the "Big Three^EXCEPT——.C.The Observer6.Life On Earth is a kind of ----- program produced by the BBC is popular worldwide.C.documentary7.----- is Britain^ top pay television provider.D.BSkyB& The following Christmas traditions are particukirly British EXCEPT ---- .A.Trooping the Color1.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is ---- ・B.drama2.----- is viewed as Romantic poetry's "Declaration of independence^.C.The preface to Lyrical Ballads3・Of DickerTs novels, --- i s considered most autobiographical.B.Davied Copperfied4.----- is a representative of English Critical Realism in the turn of the 19th century.D.T homas Hardy5.Of the following books, ----- is NOT written by Thomas Hardy.C.Adam Bede6.----- is not included in the modernist group.A.O scar Wilde7.Of the following writers, ------ is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.B James Joyce8.Waiting for Godot is written by ----- ・A.Samuel BeckettB 1. The U.S. lies in ——North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, theAtlantic to its ——and the Pacific to its -- .A.northem, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western，west, eastC 2. The continental United States has ------ states.A.50B.49C. 48D. 35A 3. The state of ------- is the largest in area of all the U.S・ states.A.AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. FloridaB 4. The longest river in the U.S. is -------A.the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Lake ItascaC 5・ Some of the world-famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located in——・A. the SouthB. the WestC. New EnglandD. the MidwestD 6. San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego all belong to ——A. MontanaB. UtahC. MaineD. CaliforniaA 7. The Immigration Act of 1924 restricted further immigration into the United States,particularly from ------ .A. EuropeB. AsiaC.AfricaD. South AmericaD 8. The characteristics of the dominant American culture are一-A. English-speaking, Northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB・ English-speaking, Western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC・ English-speaking, Northern European, Protestant and upper-classD.English-speaking, Western European, Protestant and middle-classC 1. The first successful English conoly in North America was founded at ------- in ----- .A Jamestown,Louisiana B・ Boston, MassachusettsC.Jamestown,VirginiaD.Plymouth.GergiaC 2. The Seven Years。

湖南广播电视大学开放教育英语专业专科英语国家概况（2）考试样题（开卷）注意事项一、将你的学号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。

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Part I. Multiple Choice (20小题，每题2分，共40分)Directions: Choose the best answer according to the coursebook.1. The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except ______.A. challenging the authority of the PopeB. salvation through faithC. salvation through the churchD. establishing a direct contact with God2. Which of the following statements was NOT correct when the Constitution was written?A. There was a Bill of rights in the Constitution.B. There was no Bill of rights.C. The constitution did not have any words guaranteeing the freedom or the basic rights.D. A “Bill of Right” was added to the Constitution 4 years after the Constitution was made.3. The first factory in the United State was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the state of______.A. New YorkB. Rhode IslandC. ConnecticutD. Georgia4. The United States had the first standard paper currency ______.A. in 1839B. in 1863C. in 1880D. in 19135. Which of the following was written by Thoreau?A. Nature.B. Walden.C. The Scarlet Letter.D. The Fall of the House of Usher.6. Mark Twain’s works are characterized by the following except ______.A. sense of humorB. egotismC. jokesD. tall tales7. Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities inAmerica, which is the exception?A. Large universities offer the best libraries and facilities for scientific research.B. Large universities provide the students with “mainframe” computers.C. Large universities offer scholarships to all students.D. Large universities attract students with modern laboratories.8. The most notorious terrorist group against black civil rights in the South was known as______.A. the Black MuslimsB. Federal Bureau of InvestigationC. Students for a Democratic SocietyD. Ku Klux Klan9. Which of the following does NOT belong to white-collar crime?A. Bribery.B. Tax evasion.C. False advertising.D. Robbery.10. Which organization in the United States demonstrated strongly against any laws that mightrestrict gun ownership?A. The NRA (National Rifle Association).B. The Supreme Court.C. The Asian Society.D. The Labor Union11. From the 1960s onward, learning from the tactics of the great black leaders, Martin LutherKing Jr., feminists took the following actions except ______.A. violenceB. demonstrationsC. sit-insD. letter campaigns to their Congressmen12. The American foreign policy up to WWII can be described as ______.A. containmentB. swinging between containment and interventionismC. swinging between isolationism and internationalismD. unilateralism13. The Clinton Administration made the following elements the three pillars of Americanforeign policy. Which of them is not included?A. National security.B. Contraction.C. Economic prosperity.D. Promotion of democracy.14. Ronald Reagan used to be a ______.A. basketball playerB. sports radio announcerC. conservative political columnistD. sports writer15. The main mountain range in the west of US stretching from the Canadian border to NewMexico is ______.A. the Appalachian MountainsB. the Green MountainsC. the Blue Ridge MountainsD. the Rocky Mountains16. Jazz music gains acceptance in all classes in American society because of the followingreasons. Which is the exception?A. It initially appealed to the young and rebellious.B. Jazz Musicians worked Indian American music into the music.C. Jazz music was made modified and became more refined.D. Both A and C.17. The two main land masses in New Zealand are ______.A. the White Island and the thermal regionB. the North Island and the South IslandC. the Southern Alps and the North IslandD. Auckland and the South Island18. The three levels of local governments of New Zealand are ______.A. regional councils, District Courts and community boardsB. the High Court, District Courts and Dispute TribunalsC. regional councils, territorial authorities and community boardsD. regional councils, city councils and community boards19. Who is the most influential person in the Canadian government?A. The Queen.B. A Cabinet Minister.C. The Prime Minister.D. The Governor General20. To promote peace and cooperation among nations, Canada played an active role in thefollowing international organizations. Which is the exception?A. The United Nations.B. The Commonwealth.C. La Francophonie.D. The National Organization of Women.Part II. TRUE / FALSE (10小题，每题2分，共20分)Directions: Write a T in the space provided if the statement is true. Write an F in the space if the statement is false. Your judgment should be based on your understanding of the coursebook. ( ) 21. American Indians had developed three brilliant civilizations before the Europeans arrived.These three civilizations were the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas.( ) 22. The freedom of religion, speech and the press is guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.( ) 23. A great economist in the Industrial Revolution Era was an American named Adam Smith. ( ) 24. According to John Locke, the right to govern comes from an agreement or social contract voluntarily entered into by free people.( ) 25. Emily Dickinson, Edith Wharton, Willa Cather and Kate Chopin were American women novelists in the late 19th and early 20th century.( ) 26. To get a bachelor’s degree, an undergraduate student is required to attend lectures and complete assignments, pass examinations, and earn a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college.( ) 27. After World War I, the Anglophile WASPs gradually lost their privileged position.( ) 28. Apple Computers made the first desktop PC. (Unit 13)( ) 29. In 1976, James Cook visited New Zealand and claimed it for Britain.( ) 30. The capital of Canada is Montreal and the second largest city is Ottawa.Part III. Term Explanation: (5小题，每题4分，共20分)Directions: Explain each of the following in no more than five sentences.31. George Washington32. Mark Twain33. Thomas Alva Edison34. The New Zealand Parliament35. The Canadian identityPart IV. Reflection Questions: (2大题，每题10分，共20分)Directions: Answer each of the following questions in no less than100 words.36. By whom was the Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted? And when was itadopted? What did the Declaration of Independence declare?37. When and where did early jazz music appear? Why was it a blend? What was a defendingmark of the early New Orleans jazz? What instruments do the jazz bands use? How many styles did Jazz music develop into?湖南广播电视大学开放教育英语专业专科英语国家概况（2）考试样题答题纸Part I. Multiple Choice (20小题，每题2分，共40分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.Part II. TRUE / FALSE (10小题，每题2分，共20分) 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.Part III. Explanation: (5小题，每题4分，共20分) 31.32.33.34.35.Part IV. Reflection Questions: (2大题，每题10分，共20分) 36.37.湖南广播电视大学开放教育英语专业专科英语国家概况（2）考试样题标准答案及评分细则Part I. Multiple Choice: (20小题，每题2分，共40分)1. C2. A3. B4. C5. B6. B7. C8. D9. D 10. A11. A 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. D16. D 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. DPart II. TRUE / FALSE (10小题，每题2分，共20分)21. T 22. T 23. F 24.T 25. F26. T 27. F 28. F 29. F 30. FPart III. Term Explanation: (5小题，每题4分，共20分)31. George Washington (Unit 3)George Washington was one the founding fathers of the American Republic. (2分) He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the War of Independence against the British colonial rule and the first President of the United States. (2分)32. Mark Twain (Unit 7)Mark Twin is the pen name of Samuel Clemens. (1分) He was one of the great American writers. He captured a peculiarly American sense of humor. (1分) He represented a new American voice. His major works was “The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn” (1884) which has been called the greatest novel in American literature. (2分)33. Thomas Alva Edison (Unit 13)Thomas Alva Edison is a well-known American inventor. (2分) Among his many inventions are: electric lamp, phonograph, motion pictures and parallel circuit. (2分)34. The New Zealand Parliament (Unit 2)Since 1950 Parliament has had a single chamber, the House of Representatives. (1分) It’s functions include passing laws, supervising the government’s administration and receiving petitions from citizens with grievances. (2分) Currently there are 120 Members of Parliament, all elected by voters. (1分)35. The Canadian identity (Unit 17)The Canadian identity refers to something which is distinctively Canadian, which is different from other countries, and which is the very reason for making Canada so special. (2分) For example, two official languages of English and French can be considered as part of the Canadian identity. (2分)评分细则：第三部分为解释题，5题，每题4分，共20分。

英语国家概况模拟试卷英语专业《英语国家文化（I）》模拟练习卷1. European culture is made up of many elements, which have gone through changes over the centuries. Two of these elements are considered to be more enduring and they are: the Greco-Roman element, and the Judeo-Christian element.2. Around the 6th century AD, British Celts displaced from Glasgow and occupied the area around what is now Edinburgh.3. The island of Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries: England, Scotland and Wales.4. The Good Friday Agreement assures that the Dublin government was able to make representations to the British government on matters affecting the northern Catholic minority.5. “Ulster”, referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom.6. As the king in theory had God on his side, it was thought that he should exercise absolute power.7. The term “parliament” was first officially used in 1066 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and town.8. There are three major national parties in the UK: Labor, Conservatives, and Liberal Democrats.9. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children.10. The southeast of England is the best agricultural land in Briatin.1. In the history of the UK, who is the hero against invaders by English people?A. King Arthur against Anglo-Saxons, the forefather of today’s English people.B. Alfred the Great against V ikings from Scandinavia in the Central Europe.C. William Wallace against King Edward the first.D. Llywelyn against King Edward the first.2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Wales was invaded by the Romans.B. Wales was occupied by the Anglo-Saxons.C. Wales was threatened by the English.D. Wales was threatened by the Anglo-Saxons. 3. How many counties are there in Northern Ireland?A. 26B. 6C. 32D. 84. In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland Street. They came first ___.A. to protect CatholicsB. to maintain traffic order in Northern IrelandC. to protect ProtestantsD. to place the Royal Ulster since they were unable to keep social order5. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?A. James IIB. William of OrangeC. Oliver CromwellD. George I6. Which of the following is NOT related to the Constitution?A. UK constitution is unwritten.B. It is made up of Act of Parliament, Common laws, Equity laws and European Community legislation.C. Prime Minister summons and dissolves Parliament.D. Queen must assent to Bills passed by Parliament7. Which government lost a vote of no confidence and was forced to resign in 1979?A. the Conservative governmentB. the Liberal governmentC. the Labor governmentD. the radical government8. Which of the following party adopts a “fatherly” sense of obligation to poorer people in the society?A. the Conservative PartyB. the Liberal PartyC. t he Party of WalesD. the Labor Party9. Which of the following about British economy is true?A. UK is still the world factory although it declined absolutely.B. British government did not elect to transit to Euro and instead retained the pound as its currency.C. Except for coal, natural gas, and oil, the UK has few natural resources.D. The best agricultural land in Britain is in the southwest of England.10. Which of the following is true about present UK’s schools?A. The minority of the students attend schools wholly or partly supported with public funds.B. Private school means good quality of education, better universities and better jobs for the wealthiermiddle class.C. “Public schools” in the UK are part of the national educational system and most of students attendthe public schools.D. In the UK those who pass the GNVQs exams will go to university.得分评卷人复核人I. Decide whether the following statements is true(T) or false (F). (1 point each, 10 points)得分评卷人复核人II. Choose the answer that best completes the statementor answers the question. (1 point each, 20 points)得分评卷人复核人III. Read the following statements and fill in theblanks. (1 point each, 20 points)1. In 1066, William Normandy crossed the English Channel and defeated an English army under _____. This marks the last time that an army from outside Britain succeeded in invading.2. In 1314, the Scots defeated English army under the leadership of Robert Bruce at the Battle of _____ and won the independence of Scotland for 300 years.3. To pursue Irish independence, the most spectacular event in the Irish history was of 1916, in which the rebels took over Dublin’s Post Office, forcing the British to retake it by military means.4. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in _____, but the process was overtaken by the WWI and was suspended for the duration of the war.5. The most important function of the Parliament is to ______.6._____, the ancestor of the present Queen, Elizabeth II, unitedEngland under his rule in 829.7. The Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore _____.8. _____ was established by the Labor government in 1948, providing health care for all the people.9. The immigrants have problems of unemployment, under-representation in politics and unfair treatment by police and by the _____ system.10. Periodic national elections are very important in the western model of _____.1. The Provisional IRA2. The House of Lords3. V ote of No Confidence4. The Open UniversityDirections: Write a short essay after reading the following article. In the first part of your writing, you should summarize the characteristics of UK population. In the second part, you should explain some related concepts about it with the knowledge you learned in the Course.Britain’s predominant historical stock is called Anglo-Saxon. Germanic peoples from Europe—the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes—arrived in Britain in massive numbers between the 5th and 7th centuries AD. These people tended to be tall, blond, and blue-eyed. Their language became the foundation of the basic, short, everyday words in modern English. These groups invaded and overwhelmed Roman Britain, choosing to settle on the plains of England because of the mild climate and good soils. Native Britons fought the great flood of Germanic peoples, and many Britons who survived fled west to the hill country. These refugees and native Britons were Celts who had absorbed the earliestpeoples on the island, the prehistoric people known as Iberians. Celts tended to be shorter than Anglo-Saxons and have rounder heads. Most had darker hair, but a strikingly high percentage of Celts had red hair.After the Anglo-Saxon conquest, the Celts remained in Wales, Scotland, Ireland, and the West Country (the southwestern peninsula of Britain), where Celtic languages are still used to some extent and Celtic culture is still celebrated. This geographic separation between the Germanic Anglo-Saxons and the Celts has broken down over the centuries as people have migrated and intermarried.A substantial number of Scandinavians raided and settled in Great Britain and Ireland during the 9th century. By then the Anglo-Saxons had established agricultural and Christian communities, and eventually they succeeded in subduing and integrating the Scandinavians into their kingdoms. In 1066 the Normans, French-speaking invaders of Norse origin, conquered England, adding yet another ethnic component. Although the Normans were the last major group to add their stock to the British population, waves of other foreigners and refugees have immigrated to Britain for religious, political, and economic reasons. Protestant French sought refuge in the 17th century, sailors of African ancestry came in the 18th century, and Jews from central and Eastern Europe immigrated in the late 19th century and during the 1930s and late 1940s.Most British people attribute their origins to the early invaders, calling themselves English, Scottish, Irish, Welsh, or Ulsterites. The Ulsterites are an ethnically controversial group—some claim they are Scottish and others identify themselves as Protestant Irish. The remaining share of the population areminorities who arrived, for the most part, in the decades following the end of World War II in 1945.These minorities—Chinese, Asian Indians, Pakistanis, Africans, and Caribbean people of African ancestry—came to Britain in substantial numbers after 1945. Immigration from the South Asian subcontinent (India and Pakistan) stabilized in the 1990s, but immigration from African countries continued to rise. By the late 1990s more than half of the people in these categories had been born in the United Kingdom. These newer ethnic groups tend to live in the more urban and industrial areas of England, especially in London, Birmingham, and Leeds. It is estimated that 60 percent of black Britons live in the London area, along with 41 percent of the Asian Indian population.得分评卷人复核人IV. Tell what you know about the following in yourown words. (5points each, 20 points)得分评卷人复核人V. Essay writing. (30 points)Although population censuses have been taken in the United Kingdom every decade since 1801, the 1991 census was the first to include a question on ethnic origin. More than 94 percent of the population is described as white. According to the most recent estimates, based on 1994 statistics, Asian Indians make up 1.5 percent of the British population; Pakistanis, 0.9 percent; Bangladeshis, 0.3 percent; Chinese, 0.3 percent; Caribbeans, 0.08 percent; and Africans, 0.03 percent.Irish immigration to Britain is unique. The Irish have migrated to Great Britain for centuries and continue to do so. If their descendants are included along with the 2.4 percent counted as ethnic Irish living in Great Britain today, they form a large component of the British population. Originally the Irishmigrated to Britain to perform hard labor, such as building the railroads, but in recent years college graduates with high-tech skills are making up a higher percentage of Irish immigrants. Some live in largely Irish communities and others are quickly and completely absorbed into mainstream society. All children born to Irish parents in Britain are called British. Any citizen of Ireland who settles in Britain automatically has British citizenship.The United Kingdom is generally a prosperous, well-educated, and tolerant society, and ethnic differences have sparked relatively little violence and hostility. Even so, black and Asian populations tend to cluster in certain urban neighborhoods, where economic and social disadvantages have become pronounced. There was significant rioting in the 1980s, which was attributed to several causes. One factor was tension between the predominantly white police force and the poorest ethnic communities. Another was competition between unskilled whites and unskilled workers from ethnic minorities. Still another factor was the resentment by white middle-class businesspeople, particularly smaller shopkeepers, of the keen competition presented by Asians, who tend to work long hours and have support from family members and members of their own ethnic community in running their businesses.Many individuals from ethnic minorities hold managerial and professional positions, and several sit in Parliament. Local and national government programs exist to seek fairness and justice for ethnic minorities. Educational programs and the law bolster equal opportunity. The Race Relations Act of 1976 makes it illegal to discriminate against any person because of race, color, nationality, or origin, and it is a criminal offense to incite racial hatred.From the 18th century until well into the 19th century, Britain’s population soared as the death rate dropped and the birth rate remained high. During this period the total population increased from approximately 6 million in the 1760s to 26 million in the 1870s. Toward the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century the birth rate stabilized and the death rate remained low. The population took on the characteristics of a modern, developed, and prosperous state. Family size decreased and the median age of the population rose. Compared to the rest of the world, the UK has a smaller percentage of younger people and a higher percentage of older people, with 20.5 percent over the age of 60; those under the age of 15 years make up only 19.5 percent of the population. Life expectancy in 2005 was 76 years for men and 81 years for women. The British government has more strictly controlled immigration in recent decades, and emigration has continued steadily. Nevertheless, the population of the UK is expected to continue growing slowly.The United Kingdom has a population of 60,441,457 (2005 estimate), with an average population density of 250 persons per sq km (648 per sq mi). The population density of the United Kingdom is one of the highest in the world, exceeding most Asian and European nations. England is the most populated part of the United Kingdom, with 49,855,700 people (2003), which means more than four-fifths of the United Kingdom’s population resides in England. It is also the most densely populated portion of the United Kingdom, with a population density of 382 persons per sq km (990 per sq mi). Scotland possesses 5,057,400 people, and a population density of 64 persons per sq km (166 per sq mi). Wales has 2,938,000 people, with a population density of 142 persons per sq km (367 per sq mi). Northern Ireland’spopulation is 1,702,600, and it has 120 persons per sq k m (311 per sq mi).Britain’s population is overwhelmingly urban, with 88.9 percent living in urban areas and 11.1 percent living in rural areas. The Industrial Revolution built up major urban areas, and most of Britain’s people live in and around them to th is day. England’s population is densest in the London area, around Birmingham and Coventry in the Midlands, and in northern England near the old industrial centers of Leeds, Sheffield, Manchester, Liverpool, and Newcastle upon Tyne. In the 1980s and 1990s southern England, particularly the southeast, became a center of population growth, due in large part to the growth of the high-tech and service sectors of the economy.The population of Greater London is about 7 million (1995 estimate), making it by far the most populous city in the United Kingdom. It is the seat of government, center of business, and the heart of arts and culture. Birmingham is the second largest city, with 976,400 people. Other large cities in the United Kingdom include Leeds with 715,500, Glasgow with 578,700, and Sheffield with 513,100. Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, has a population of about 449,000; Cardiff, the capital of Wales, has 305,200 people; and Belfast, the capital of Northern Ireland, has a population of 277,200..。

模拟试题三 一、单项选择题 1、The only surviving large mammals are _____. A、red deer and wolves? B、boars and wolves? C、roe deer and boars? D、red deer and roe deer? 2、The Anglo-Saxons brought ________ religion to Britain. A、Druidism? B、Roman Catholic? C、Teutonic? D、Christian? 3、The Independent Labor Party was led by _____. A、Jeremy Bentham? B、James Cook? C、Abel Tasman? D、Keir Hardie? 4、On _____, Queen Elizabeth II approved a same-sex marriage bill.. A、April 29, 2011? B、July 7, 2012? C、July 17, 2013? D、August 17, 2012? 5、The poverty line in the UK is commonly defined as being _____ of the median household income. A、50%? B、65%? C、55%? D、60%? 6、______ prepare them for higher education. A、Grammar schools? B、Secondary modern schools? C、Private schools? D、Higher schools? 7、The modern game of ______ is generally accepted to have originated in England. A、swimming? B、football? C、skiing? D、diving? 8、In ______, figure skater Madge Cave Syers became the first female athlete to win a medal in the Winter Olympic Games. A、1896? B、1908? C、1948? D、1920? 9、The UK’s biggest-selling newspaper is ______. A、the Daily Mail? B、the Daily Telegraph? C、the Daily Mirror? D、the Sun? 10、The rivers that descend from the eastern slopes of the Rockies flow into _____. A、the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico? B、the Gulf of California and the Mississippi? C、the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California? D、the Mississippi and the Gulf of Mexico? 11、Between 1980 and 1989, the South and West of the United States added ______ million people through net migration. A、8.8? B、8.4? C、8.9? D、4.9? 12、The ______ founded their first permanent settlement on the continent at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. A、English? B、Spanish? C、Dutch? D、Portuguese? 13、State governments have the power to make laws for all citizens that are not granted to the federal government or denied to the states in the US Constitution. These include _____, and most crimes. A、education, family law, constitution? B、education, family law, contract law? C、education, constitution, contract law? D、family law, constitution, contract law? 14、In December ______, the Senate condemned McCarthy for certain improper, extreme behavior. A、1955? B、1956? C、1953? D、1954? 15、Vietnam got independence in ______. A、1945? B、1944? C、1943? D、1946? 16、By _____ Champlain had reached Quebec. A、1605? B、1606? C、1607? D、1608? 17、The Constitution Act assigns specific responsibilities to the provinces and reserves all others for _____. A、the federal government? B、the president? C、the representative? D、the monarch? 18、Pennsylvania was established by ______. A、Separatist Congregationalists? B、Quakers? C、Roman Catholics? D、Puritans? 19、______ is a four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize for drama and the only American playwright to win the Nobel Prize for literature. A、O’Neill? B、Henry James? C、Walt Whitman? D、James Fenimore Cooper? 20、To a lesser degree in the early ______ century, film types that were previously considered to have only a minor presence in the mainstream movie market began to arise as more potent American box office draws. A、20ty? B、19th? C、18th? D、21st? 21、______ is observed on the last Monday of May. A、Martin Luther King, Jr. Day? B、Washington’s Birthday? C、Memorial Day? D、Independence Day? 22、Canada covers about ______ of the North American continent. A、a half? B、a third? C、a quarter? D、two fifths? 23、______ is the floral symbol of Australia and is celebrated on National Wattle Day each year on September 1. A、Eucalyptus trees? B、Maple tree? C、Dahurian larch? D、The golden wattle? 24、The average maximum temperature in _____ is 23℃ in summer, 14℃ in winter. A、Dunedin? B、Auckland? C、Christchurch? D、Nelson? 25、The secondary school system comprises private schools that are predominantly owned by _____. A、the enterprise? B、the state? C、the army? D、religious communities? 26、Much of the world’s wool comes from ______. A、Ireland? B、Australia? C、New Zealand? D、Britain? 27、The cinema of ______, often generally referred to as Hollywood. A、China? B、Janpan? C、the United States? D、England? 28、The work of filmmakers and actors throughout the UK is supported by ______, a government board that helps fund productions and secure film-related services. A、Arts Council? B、British Broadcasting Corporation? C、Channel Four Television?

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------英语国家概况试卷5英语国家概况考试试卷题号 I 得分II III总分注意：请将所有试题答案做在试卷二上，做在试卷一上不得分试卷一Part I Choose the correct answer. (1’×50=50’)1．The British Isles are made up of ________A. two large islands and hundreds of small onesB. two large islands and Northern IrelandC. three large islands and hundreds of small onesD. three large islands and Northern Ireland2. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. They are _____A. Britain, Scotland and WalesB. England, Scotland and WalesC. Britain, Scotland and IrelandD. England, Scotland and Ireland3. In British history, both Saxons and Angels came from ________A. northern EuropeB. northern GermanyC. southern EuropeD. southern Germany4. It was _________ who laid the foundations of the English state.A. the VikingsB. the DanesC. the CeltsD. the Anglo-Saxons5._________ is perhaps the best-known event in English history.A. The Norman Conquest of 1066B. The Great Charter of 1215C. The Hundred Years’ War with FranceD. The English Renaissance6. In the reign of the Norman kings ___________ flowered on the English soil.A. the German cultureB. the British cultureC. the Danish cultureD. the Norman culture7. Black Death, an epidemic1/ 12disease spread by rat fleas, spread through Europe in the ____centuryA.13thB. 14thC. 15thD. 16th命题组组长签字：8. The English Renaissance achieved its finest expression in __________A. Elizabethan dramaB. Leonardo Da Vinci’s worksC. Thomas Moor’s worksD. Thomas Wyatt’s poems9. The English Civil War had been seen as a conflict between ________A. the Commons and the LordsB. the King and the BaronsC. Parliament and the KingD. the Crown and the Church10. Two of the most famous literary works of late 17th century England were John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’sProgress and _________A. William Shakespeare’s HamletB. Francis Bacon’s EssaysC. John Milton’s Paradise LostD. Christopher Marlowe’s Tamburlaine11. In Britain, ________ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.A. the ToriesB. the PuritainsC. the WhigsD. the Anglo-Americans12. As a result of t he Industrial Revolution, Britain became ________A. “the shop of the world”B. “the workshop of the world”C. “the centre of the world”D. “the leader of the world”13. ________ is generally regarded as the greatest writer in the English languageA. Christopher MarloweB. William ShakespeareC. Edmund SpenserD. Charles Dickens14. In Britain, the prime minister is the leader of the party that holds the most seats in ___A. the House of LordsB. the House of CommonsC. the SenateD. the House---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------of Representatives15. In Britain, private schools or independent schools are called __________A. grammar schoolsB. high schoolsC. public schoolsD. state schools16. In American, the first English colony was founded at _______ in 1607.A. Jamestown, VirginiaB. Plymouth, MassachusettsC. New AmsterdamD. Boston, Massachusetts17. The first immigrants in American history came from _______ and _________A. Ireland/FranceB. England / ChinaC. Scotland / EnglandD. England / the Netherlands18. The British established 13 colonies along ___________第1页（本试卷共 5 页）3/ 12A. the west coast of North AmericaB. the west coast of South AmericaC. the east coast of North AmericaD. the east coast of South America19. The American War of Independence began with ________A. the battles of TrentonB. the Boston Tea PartyC. the battles of Lexington and ConcordD. the battles of Gettysburg20. The declaration of Independence was drafted by ________A. Abraham LincolnB. John AdamsC. Benjamin FranklinD. Thomas Jefferson21. The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by _______ during the Civil WarA. George WashingtonB. Abraham LincolnC. Thomas JeffersonD. Franklin Roosevelt22. The 1920s in the U.S. has been described as a period of __________A. cultural revivalB. loss of purposeC. development in science and technologyD. material success and spiritual frustration23. McCarthyism refers to the anti-Communist hysteria whipped up by senator McCarthy ______A. after world war IB. during world war IIC. in the early 1950sD. in the 1960s24. The famous leader of black movements in the U.S. in the 60s is _________A. Abraham LincolnB. George GarrisonC. Douglas MoorD. Martin Luther King25. The functions of institutions of higher education in the U.S. are _______A. research and teachingB. teaching and degree awardingC. professional training, teaching and public serviceD. teaching, research and public service26. Walt---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ Whitman’s masterpiece is ________A. Leaves of GrassB. Song of MyselfC. A tramp AbroadD. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer27. The_____, the backbone of the North American continent, is also known as the Continental Divide.A. AppalachiansB. RockiesC. Blue Ridge MountainsD. Great Smokies28. The American Constitution was drawn up in 1787 when _________A. the War of Independence was startedB. the War of Independence was wonC. the American Civil War was startedD. the American Civil War was won29. 2. The general election in America is held every _____ years.A. 5B. 4C. 6D. 330. Among the following authors, the one who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, is __A. T. S. EliotB. Emily DickensonC. Walt WhitmanD. Richard Wright31. The legal holiday observed annually in the U.S. on the fourth Thursday of November is _____A. Independence DayB. Thanksgiving DayC. Washington’s BirthdayD. Halloween32. The theme of Thanksgiving has always been ____________.A. friendship and happinessB. peace and plentyC. cooperation and rich rewardD. love and happiness33. By long custom, nationally observed holidays in the U.S. include the following except ______A. ChristmasB. Valentine’s DayC. Lincoln’s BirthdayD. Mid-Summer’s Day34. In terms of area Canada is the ________5/ 12country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest35. The first British settlers in Canada were _______ who refused to fight against the British army theWar of American Independence.A. French refugeesB. British merchantsC. American refugeesD. French reformers36. Australia was originally inhabited by ________.A. IndiansB. EskimosC. MaorisD. Aborigines37. _______ is the oldest of the Australian states because it was the first colony established by Britain第2页（本试卷共 5 页）---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------in 1788.A. VictoriaB. New South WalesC. South AustraliaD. Queensland38. _________ is an integral and pervasive influence on national life and culture of Ireland.A. ProtestantismB. CatholicismC. Calvinist doctrineD. Idealism39. In Ireland, the constitution provides for both ________ as official languages.A. Irish and EnglishB. English and FrenchC. Irish and FrenchD. English and Welsh40. The capital of New Zealand is __________.A. Wellington B. ChristchurchC. HamiltonD. Auckland41. The original inhabitants of New Zealand are called ________.A. EskimosB. AboriginesC. IndiansD. Maoris42.The largest city in Australia is _______.A.CanberraB.MelbourneC.SydneyD.Perth43.The climate in New Zealand is ________.A.subtropicalB.arcticC.temperateD.tropical44._______is/are mainly responsible for education in Australia.A.Federal governmentB.State governmentC.Territory assembliesD.Municipal government45.Of the following,____ is not among the 3 major Australian Parties.A.The Labor PartyB.The National PartyC.The Liberal PartyD.The Australian Democrats46.The Commonwealth of Australia was established in ______.A.1847B.1885C.1900D.190147. Franklin Roosevelt’s7/ 12program for the depression was called .A. ProgressivismB. laissez faireC. New FreedomD. New Deal48._______is celebrated as New Zealand ‘s National Day.A.February 6B.July 4thC.June 14thD.June 4th49.The most well-known Irish writer is _____. He introduces the stream of consciousness technique.A. Mark TwainB.Emily DickinsonC. James JoyceD.Charles Dickens50.In Ireland the head of state is the ______.A.Prime MinisterB.PresidentC.British monarchD.General GovernorPart II Give one-sentence answer to the following questions. (3’×10=30’) 1. What is the official name of Great Britain? 2. In the election of 1979, who became the first woman prime minister in Britain? 3. In Britain, what does BBC stand for?4. What are the two major political parties in the United States?5. What is the principal river in the United States?6. Why is Australia a dry land?7. When did Ireland declare itself a republic?8. What animal is regarded as a national symbol of New Zealand?9. How many large cities do you know in Canada ?10. In New Zealand what is the Treaty of Waittangi ?PartIII Explain the following items either in English or in Chinese. (5’×4=20’) 1. The Industrial Revolution 2. English Renaissance 3. The Declaration of Independence 4. Separation of powers英语国家概况考试试卷第3页（本试卷共 5 页）---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------学院：姓名：专业：学号：班级：授课教师：试卷二Part I Choose the correct answer. (1’×50=50’)1．[A][B][C][D] 2．[A][B][C][D] 3．[A][B][C][D] 4．[A][B][C][D] 5．[A][B][C][D]16.[A][B][C][D] 17.[A][B][C][D] 18.[A][B][C][D] 19.[A][B][C][D] 20.[A][B][C][D]31.[A][B][C][D] 32.[A][B][C][D] 33.[A][B][C][D] 34.[A][B][C][D] 35.[A][B][C][D]6．[A][B][C][D] 7．[A][B][C][D] 8．[A][B][C][D] 9．[A][B][C][D] 10[A][B][C][D]21.[A][B][C][D] 22.[A][B][C][D] 23.[A][B][C][D]24.[A][B][C][D] 25.[A][B][C][D]36.[A][B][C][D] 37.[A][B][C][D] 38.[A][B][C][D] 39.[A][B][C][D] 40.[A][B][C][D]11.[A][B][C][D] 12.[A][B][C][D]13.[A][B][C][D] 14.[A][B][C][D] 15[A][B][C][D]26.[A][B][C][D] 27.[A][B][C][D] 28.[A][B][C][D]29.[A][B][C][D] 30.[A][B][C][D]41.[A][B][C][D] 42.[A][B][C][D] 43.[A][B][C][D] 44.[A][B][C][D] 45.[A][B][C][D]46.[A][B][C][D] 47.[A][B][C][D] 48.[A][B][C][D] 49.[A][B][C][D] 50.[A][B][C][D]Part II Give one-sentence answer to the following questions. (3’×10=30’)1. What is the official name of Great Britain? 2. In the election of 1979, who became the first woman prime minister in Britain?3. In Britain, what does BBC stand for?4. What are the two major9/ 12political parties in the United States? 5. What is the principal river in the United States?6. Why is Australia a dry land? 7. When did Ireland declare itself a republic? 8. What animal is regarded as a national symbol of New Zealand? 9. How many large cities do you know in Canada ? 10. In New Zealand what is the Treaty of WaittangiPartIII Explain the following items either in English or in Chinese. (5’×4=20’)1. The Industrial Revolution2. English Renaissance3. The Declaration of Independence4. Separation of powers英语国家概况考试试卷 (答案)Part I: Choose the correct answer. (1’×50=50’)1-5: A B B D A6-10: D B A C C第4页（本试卷共 5 页）---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 11- 15: A B B B C16- 20: A D C C D21-25: B D C D D26-30: A B B B A31-35: B B D B C36-40: D B B A A41-45: B C C B D46-50: D D A C BPart II Give one-sentence answer to the following questions. (3’×10=30’)1． The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2．Margaret Thatcher 3．British Broadcasting Corporation 4．The Republic Party and the Democratic Party. 5． The Mississippi 6． Because more than half of Australia is covered by dry lands. 7． In 1949 8． The Kiwi. 9． Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver . 10.It’s an agreement between the chiefs of the Maori people and the Brithish Crown.Part Ⅲ Explain the following items either in English or in Chinese. (5’×4=20’)1. The Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanizaton ofindustry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and 19th centuries.2. English Renaissance: Politically, the English Renaissance marks the end of the period ofcivil war among the old feudal aristocracy in mid-15th century, and the establishment of a第5页modern, efficient, centralized state. Technically, the date is close to that of the introduction of printing into England. And culturally, the first important period in England was the reign11/ 12of the second Tudor monarch, Henry VIII.3. It it an important document in the war of Independence. Thomas Jefferson drafted theDeclaration of Independence. On July 4,1776, the Congress adopted the declaration. It marked the indepencence of the United States.4. Separation of powers is the concept thought to be the safeguards of the U.S. government.The government is divided into three branches: the legislative, the executive and the judicial. Each branch has part of the powers but not all the power. And each branch of government can check or block the actions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This is called “caecks and balances”（本试卷共 5 页）。