北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题2010年(总分90,考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ V ocabularyDirections: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.1. The ______ is used by astrologers to help calculate the influence of the planets on people's lives.A. zephyr B. zodiac C. zyme D. zest2. It's a ______ timetable. Sometimes lessons happen, sometimes they don't.A. haphazard B. odious C. haughty D. handicapped3. The poor man's clothes were so ______ that they couldn't be repaired any more.A. oozed B. ragged C. mopped D. mocked4. The actor amused the audience by ______ some well-known people.A. embroidering B. rigging C. yelping D. mimicking5. No men was allowed to ______ on the livelihood of his neighbor.A. wade B. invoke C. muffle D. infringe6. The machinery had been wrecked so efficiently that police were sure it was a case of ______.A. vagabond B. sabotage C. paradox D. tachyon7. The island is maintained as a ______ for endangered species.A. wetlands B. sanctuary C. mire D. heath8. The hunter kept the lion's skin and head as ______.A. trophies B. fillet C. tulip D. clown9. If you ______ something, such as food or drink, you reduce its quality or make it weaker, for example by adding water to it.A. adulterate B. moor C. vaccinate D. sue10. The orphanage is just one of her ______ causes.A. phonetic B. philanthropic C. prevalent D. lunatic11. Many animals display ______ instincts only while their offspring are young and helpless.A. cerebral B. imperious C. rueful D. maternal12. The guests, having eaten until they were ______, now listened inattentively to the speakers.A. contradicted B. satiated C. griped D. trespassed13. While she had the fever, she ______ for hours.A. raved B. sniggered C. tittered D. perforated14. If you spill hot liquid on your skin it will ______ you.A. scale B. scald C. shun D. shunt15. The mice ______ when the cat came.A. rambled B. lingered C. sauntered D. scampered16. The chimney is no longer ______ volumes of waste gas into atmosphere, as protective filters are being used.A. giving away B. giving off C. giving in D. giving up17. At three o'clock ______ a cold morning, he arrived here.A. in B. at C. on D. of18. I'm sure dirty, ______?A. am I B. aren't I C. isn't I D. am not I19. ______, there is no place like home, wherever you go.A. It may be humble B. As humble it may be C. Humble it may be D. Humble as it may be20. But for his help, I ______.A. did not succeed B. had not succeeded C. should not have succeeded D. have not succeeded21. Try and calm yourself, ______ your mind will be easy again.A. and B. or C. when D. before22. The price of the real estate in this area may ______ to unexpected values, so everyone should be conscious of the maximum price that he would want to pay for a particular property.A. stagger B. stink C. soar D. suspend23. Contrary to popular belief, epidemics do not occur ______ after a natural disaster.A. spontaneously B. simultaneously C. homogeneously D. instantaneously24. Immigration from countries and cultures that are ______ with the cultural core of this nation has been generally prohibited.A. interior B. invisible C. incompatible D. integral25. This course is designed to help children ______ such real life situations as separation and loss.A. cope with B. settle down C. intervene in D. interfere with26. Foreign language teachers of this university are busy designing a test of spoken English to ______ the original written examination.A. contaminate B. compliment C. complement D. coordinate27. Idlers, no matter how poor they are, are always ______ at finding reasons not to take action to improve their living conditions.A. intrinsic B. ingenious C. initial D. inherent28. As the graduation is drawing near, every student began to ______ his future.A. compensate B. contemplate C. jeopardize D. manifest29. Although the resistance groups do not show great military ______, they frequently penetrate deep into the interior.A. prowess B. prowl C. psalm D. psyche30. The Great ______ in the USA is 1900 meters deep and 25 kilometers wide at its maximum.A. Canyon B. Ford C. Abyss D. QuarryPart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Passage TwoHormones in the BodyUp to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous system was thought to control **munication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought, emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view. From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas. There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ, the pancreas.Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals alone. This discovery spurred Starting to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin, taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning "to excite" or "to set in motion." A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue tomake things happen elsewhere.As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary. Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth and form; others may even define an individual's personality characteristics. The quantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.In fact, some hormone therapies are already **mon. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) , the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of **plicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.1. To be considered a hormone, a chemical produced in the body must ______.A. be part of the digestive process B. influence the operations of the nervous system C. affect processes in a different part of the body D. regulate attitudes and behavior2. The glands and organs mentioned in paragraph 3 are categorized according to ______.A. whether scientists understand their function B. how frequently they release hormones into the body C. whether the hormones they secrete influence the aging process D. whether they secrete chemicals into the blood3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage.9A. Most moods and actions are not voluntary because they are actuallyproduced by the production of hormones in the body. B. Because the effects of hormones are difficult to measure, scientists remain unsure how far-reaching their effects on moods and actions are. C. When the body is not producing enough hormones, urgent treatment may be necessary to avoid psychological damage. D. The influence of many hormones is not easy to measure, but they can affect both people's psychology and actions extensively.4. Which patients are usually treated with growth hormone.?A. Adults of smaller statue than normal B. Adults with strong digestive systems C. Children who are not at risk from the treatment D. Children who may remain abnormally small5. Which of the following sentences explains the primary goal of hormone replacement therapy.?A. The quantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging. B. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. C. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. D. Because of **plicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it.Passage ThreeStudents of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as "solitary" and "individual theorists" were in reality connected to a movement—utopian socialism—which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that cachinnated in the first women's rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group's contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two accounts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents' energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians' appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.Saint-Simon's followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. **plementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.6. It can be inferred that the author considers those historians who describe early feminists in the Unrated States as "solitary" to be ______.A. insufficiently familiar with the international origins of nineteenth-century American feminist thought B. overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in the period before 1848 C. not focused narrowly enough in their geo-graphical scope D. insufficiently aware of the ideological consequences of the Seneca Falls conference7. According to the passage, which of the following is true of the Seneca Falls conference on women's rights?A. It was primarily a product of nineteenth-century Saint-Simonians feminist thought. B. It was the work of American activists who were independent of feminists abroad. C. It was the culminating achievement of the Utopian socialist movement. D. It was a manifestation of an international movement for social change and feminism.8. The author's attitude toward most European historians who have studied the Saint-Simonians is primarily one of ______.A. approval of the specific focus of their research B. disapproval of their lack of attention to the issue that absorbed most of the Saint-Simonians' energy after 1832 C. approval of their general focus on social conditions D. disapproval of their lack of attention to links between the Saint-Simonians and their American counterparts9. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that study of Saint-Simonianism is necessary for historians of American feminism because such study ______.A. would clarify the ideological origins of those feminist ideas that influenced American feminism B. would increase understanding of a movement that deeply influenced the Utopian socialism of early American feminists C. would focus attention on the most important aspect of Saint-Simonians thought before 1532 D. promises to offer insight into a movement that was a direct outgrowth of the Seneca Falls conference of 184510. According to the passage, which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?A. A society in which women were highly regarded for their extensive education. B. A society in which the two genders **plementary roles and had equal status. C. A society in which women did not enter public life. D. A social order in which a body of men and women would rule together on the basis of their spiritual power.Section BDirections: There is one passage in this part. The passage is .followed by some questions.The Wright BrothersWilbur and Orville Wright were two brothers from the heartland of America with a vision as sweeping as the sky and a practicality as down-to-earth as the Wright Cycle Co, the bicycle business they founded in Dayton, Ohio, in 1592. But while there were countless bicycle shops in turn-of-the century America, in only one were wings bring built as well as wheels. When the Wright brothers finally realized their vision of powered human flight in 1903, they made the world a forever smaller place. I've been to Kitty Hawk, N. C, and seen where the brothers imagined the future, and then literally flew across its high frontier. It was an inspiration to be there, and to soak up the amazing perseverance and creativity of these two pioneers.The Wright brothers had been fascinated by the idea of flight from an early age. In 1875 their father, a bishop in the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, gave them a flying toy made of cork and bamboo. It had a paper body and was powered by rubber bands. The young boys soon broke the fragile toy, but the memory of its faltering flight across their living room stayed with them. By the mid-1890s Wilbur was reading every book and paper he could find on the still earth-bound science of human flight. And four years before they made history at Kitty Hawk, the brothers built their first, scaled-down flying machine—a pilotless "kite" with a 5-ft. wingspan, and made of wood, wire and cloth. Based on that experiment, Wilbur became convinced that he could build an aircraft that would be "capable of sustaining a man. "When published aeronautical data turned out to be unreliable, the Wright brothers built their own wind tunnel to test airfoils and measure empirically how to lift a flying machine into the sky. They were the first to discover that a long narrow wing shape was the ideal architecture of flight. They figured out how to move the vehicle freely, not just across land, but up and down on a cushion of air. They built a forward elevator to control the pitch of their craft as it nosed up and down. They fashioned a pair of twin rudders in back to control its tendency to yawn from side to side. They devised a pulley system that warped the shape of wings in midflight to turn the plane and to stop it from rolling laterally in air. Recognizing that a propeller isn't like a ship's screw, but becomes, in effect, a rotating wing, they used the data from their wind-tunnel experiments to design the first effective airplane props—a pair of 8-ft, propellers, carved out of laminated spruce, that turned in opposite directions to offset the twisting effect on the machine's structure. And when they discovered that a light-weight gas-powered engine did not exist, they decided to design and build their own. It produced 12 horsepower and weighed only 152 lbs.The genius of Leonardo da Vinci imagined a flying machine, but it took the methodical application of science by these two American bicycle mechanics to create it. The unmanned gliders spawned by their first efforts flew erratically and were at the mercy of any strong gust of wind. But with help from their wind-tunnel, the brothers amassed more data on wing design than anyone before them, compiling tables of computations that are still valid today. And with guidance from this scientific study, they developed the powered 1903 Flyer, a skeletal flying machine of spruce, ash and muslin, with an unmanned weight of just over 600 Ibs.On DeC. 17,1903, with Orville at the controls, the Flyer lifted off shakily from Kitty Hawkand flew 120 ft.—little more than half the wingspan of a Boeing 747-400. That 12-seC. flight changed the world, lifting it to new heights of freedom and giving mankind access to places it had never dreamed of reaching. Although the Wright brother's feat was to transform life in the 20th century, the next day only four newspapers in the U. S. carried news of their achievement—news that was widely dismissed as exaggerated.The Wright brothers gave us a tool, but it was up to individuals and nations to put it to use. The airplane revolutionized both peace and war. It brought families together: once, when a Chile or other close relatives left the old country for America, family and friends mourned for someone they would never see again. Today, the grandchild of that immigrant can return again and again across a vast ocean in just half a turn of the clock. But the airplane also helped tear families apart, by making international warfare an effortless reality.Now, on the eve of another century, who knows where the next Wright brothers will be found, in what grade of school they're studying, or in what garage they're inventing the next Flyer of the information age. Our mission is to make sure that wherever they are, they have the chance to run their own course, to persevere and follow their own inspiration. We have to understand that engineering breakthroughs are not just mechanical or scientific—they are liberating forces that can continually improve people's lives. Who would have thought, as the 20th century opened, that one of its greatest contributions **e from two obscure, fresh-faced young Americans who pursued the utmost bounds of human thought and gave us all, for the first time, the power literally to sail beyond the sunset.The 20th century has been the American Century in large part because of great inventors such as the Wright brothers. May we follow their flight paths and blaze our own in the 21st century. 1. What great difficulties did the Wright Brothers **e while building an aircraft that would be "capable of sustaining a man"?2. What quality of the Wright Brothers impresses you most? Illustrate it briefly with an example.3. What's the purpose of this article? What is the tone of the passage?Part Ⅲ WritingDirections: Please write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic1. Translation and Interpreting in the Global Age。
