从评价理论角度探析《柏舟》三种译文的态度实现
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语文学刊・外倍教育赦学 2013年第3期
Analysis of Attitude Resources in Three English Versions of Baizhou—the Appraisal Perspective
o Zhang Hongyan ( re Language Department,Zhou Kou Normal University,Zhoukou,ttenan,466001) [Abstract]Appraisaltheoryisthe new development oftheinterpersonalmeaningofsystemicfunctionallinguistics, which concludes three sub—systems鹪attitude,engagement,and graduation.Attitude includes three levels of affect, judgement,and appreciation.The essay嗍appraisal approach to analyze the attitude flouzx ̄s in the o giIIal text of Baizhou when translating,and makes the comparative study on the realization ofthe target text.The paper aims to help us tomake a Soed understanding ofthe o ̄#mdtext and producesthe bettertranslation,and explorethe applicationintransla- tion study. [Key words]appraisal,attitude system,Baizhou [中图分类号]H315.9 [文献标识码】A [文章编号]1672-8610(2013)03-0049-02
nle Appraisal framework is a new extension ofthe interper- sonal function of Hallidian systemic functiona1]L' ̄uistics. praisal itselfis regiona]Jzed鹪three interacting domains——Atti- tude,Engagement,and Graduation.Attitude system also in- eludes the afect system(feeling and emotion),judgement sys- tem(personalandjudgments ofadmiration or criticismandmend judgements of praise or condemnation)and appreciation system (attitudes about things,be it specific such 88 books,movie or the quality oflife).【 Attitude sub—system is the core of the appraisal system. Attitude system,as aframeworkformappingfeelings, involves three semantic regions covet ̄g what is traditionally re— ferred to as emotion,ethics and aesthetics. -I1Ie emotive dimension of meaning is as affect.which is concerned with positive and negative feelings of haPpY or sad, confident or an ̄ous,interested or bored,ete. .nIe ethics dimension of meaning is as Judgement.which deal8 with a ̄tudes towards behaviour。which we admlrn or eriti— cize,praise or condemn. .nIe aesthetics dimension of meaning is鹊Appreciation. which involves evaluations of semioticandnatural phenomena,in other wordB。the ways in which they are valued or not in a given 6eld. Ⅱ.ComparativeAnalysis ofAttitudel sou麟inThree Fn¥11 ̄h Versions ofBa/zhou The three English versions 8re respectively by Xu Yuan- chong(2009) ;James Legge(1960) ;Axthur Waley (1960).[4】For the convenience of expression,the translators of three English versions will be abbreviated a8 Xu;Legge;Waley. A good translation should achieve the equivalence at three metafunctions of ideational,interpersonal and textua1.Is]House (1997)maintains that the evaluation ofthe q ̄aty 0ftranslated text shoed only僦whether the ideational and interpersonal meaIling achieve the equivalence.[6lay So in the three English versions 0f Bai:hou。if the attitude reali龃矗on achieves ̄lniva- lent,be the best version. The realization of appraisal meaning in the target text is di- vided into four categories【7】l嚣:a.equivalent(、/)一the sme evaluation between the original and the target text;b.over(+) 一the evaluation 0fthe target text is hlsherthan the original;e. under(一)一the evaluation ofthe targettext lowers than the o- riginal;d.nil(O)一the translator does not translate the ap- praisal meaning ofthe original in the target text. 2.1 The identification 0f attitude resources 0fthe original “隐忧”refers to the deep felings ofthe Borrow and pain of a person,it belongs to afect麟oIlrce.“怒”in the verse of“逢 彼之怒”expresses the angry feling of a person.“愠”in“愠 于群小”refers to being hated by somebody else。also is a kind 0ffeeling 0f people. “据”in“不可以据”me ̄18 dependableandbelongstothe tenacity of positive social esteem injudgement system.In“威仪 棣棣”,“棣棣”is to mod a pemon’s manner of conducting himself.In“不可选也”,“选”meai ̄someone retreat when fa. cing the opposing party’s hiSh pressure,which has to do with a person’spersonality.In“愠于群小”,“小”refersto a groupof mean and unworthy people,which concerns about the moral as— pect of people.Sothese abovewords shouldbelongtothejudge一 [作者简介】张红艳,女,周口师范学院外国语学院助教,硕士研究生,研究方向:翻译理论与实践。 ・--——49・--—
— TRANSLATION Zhang Hongyan/Analyrsis of Attitude Resources in Three En【glish Versions of 口 oⅡ一the Appraisal Perspective ment system・ “多”in“觏闵既多”and“不少”in“受辱不少”both belong to the appreciation construing our evaluation of things.In “胡迭而微”,“微”isto describethe natural phenomena of sun and moon,so“微”belongs to the appreciation system. 2.2 nle appraisal realization and comparative analysis in target text Table 1 Realizations of attitude ̄urces of“柏舟”
据 圳鲫ent警 小 rely depend on 0 st ̄ng—-dignified and good X/0 no wrong nothingwrong correctly the mean X/mean creatures X/8mall men 0 For appreciation,it is concerned with evaluating things. “多”in“觏闵既多”expresses the degree of suffering and hard. ships.Xu doesn’t translate“多”in the target text and its inter- personal meaning is nil in the construction of appraisal re- sources.The other two translators use“many”and“very many’’ which directly express“多”。preserving this appraisal meaning 聃possible asEnglishpermits and achievethe equivalence ofap- praisal meaning.“不少”meaEt8 very much.very many.“not less’’by Xu and“not few”by Waley.“a few’’by Legge all achieve equivalence in the target.The meaning of“日居月诸, 胡迭而微”is:the suEt is always bright and full,while the moon goes through regular changes,now full and now absent from the heavens.In Wei dynasty,the ruler(represent the sun)waft at this time obscured by the unworthy officer(represents the moon) who abusedhis confidenceand controlledthe government.Sothe SUEt became smal1.and the moon took its place.If part of the sun i covered by the moon,it will naturally“become small”, and then its lisht will dim.So ’s version implicitly COD.- structs the changeable image and is equivalent to the original ap- praisal meaning.Xu.and Waley use‘‘dim”一a simple word ——directly describe the twilit and dusky light,also realizes the equivalence of attitude. Affect refers to the whole range of feelings.For“隐忧”, Xu’s“deep SOITOW”,Legge’s“painful wound”,and Waley’s “secret grief”all achieve the equivalence of attitude.“愠” means hate,the vei ̄e of“愠于群小”means“hated by a host of villains.Xu and Legge both realize the equivalence by hated”. Waley’8“harassed”,whichmeansdisturbed,seems not enough to express the feling of being hated by somebody.For“怒”,if the n aIlslat0r8 have different understanding on this poem.they wil identify diferent attitude ofthe ori ̄nal meaning.The choice of Xu’s“disdain”actually reaches the result of rhyming,but not enough to express the o ̄cers’angry and furious feeling. Legge’s“anger”andWaley’s“angry’’realizethe equivalence. For judgment,an important source of attitude,relies on so- cial norms and value system.Xu and Legge give all explicit translation and equivalent to the original judgement,but Waley 一50一 fails to construct the meaning of“据”in the target text.“威仪 棣棣”means a man’s whole manner conducting himself/herself with di ̄ty and selJousness in complete correctness and long practice.The meaning is that nothing in the speaker’s deport- ment c0uld be picked out。and made the subject of remark.So from this point,Xujtmt uses a“strong”mind,not mentions the noble manner of the speaker.SO its appraisal meaning is little lower than the source text.Waley does not translate the verse word for word,so does not translate the meaning ofthe dignmed IIlanner.Waley does transfers the whole meaning correctly,how- ever,from the perspective of interpersonal equivalence of ap— praisal theory,he fails in realizing the equivalence of appraisal meaning.“选”meoJlts there is nothing wrong to be picked out. Xu,Legge and Waley all correctly transfer the meaning.For “小”,Waley uses“small man”which means“notlarge in size, number,degree,amount”or“ ”has no meaning of the mean morality of a person.As analysed above,“小人”in this poem refers to the moral aspect of people,but not the height or age.From this point,Waley draws the wrong attitude of ̄ginal and realize the nil in target.rI1le other translators use“mean”or “mean creatures”rightly transferring the interpersonal ̄tniva— lence.