段落听写passage1-12
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Passage 1The MoonHave you ever seen the man in the moon? If you look closely at the moon on some nights, you can see the face of a man in the moon. Some people say that they can see an old man carrying a stick. Others see a girl reading a book. These pictures are made by the mountains and plains on the moon. The moon is a large round rock that is completely barren. It never rains on the moon, and everything is covered with dry white dust. Not even a sound can be heard there. When the sun shines on it, it is very hot. In the shade, however, it is as cold as ice. The moon is much smaller than the earth. It weights much less than the earth, too. If you were on the moon, you would weigh 6 times less than you do now. Even the fat man would be able to jump high off the ground.Passage 2Oil FieldsAll the oil fields in the world began under the sea. There are still many large and important oil fields under seas and lakes. But most of them are now under dry land, because the earth’s shape changed wh ile the oil was forming in the rocks. Many things happened during those millions of years. In some parts of the earth dry land went under the sea. In other parts great pressures below pushed up the land. The land rose above the water and the shallow seas flowed away or dried up. So the oil fields in these parts are now under dry land. The deserts in the Middle East are good examples. Millions of years ago these deserts were under the sea. Oil formed in the mud below the water. The shape of the earth then slowly changed. The sea went away and left great deserts of sand in its place.Passage 3A Strange WomanOld Sally was a very strange woman. Her house overlooked a lovely valley. But she hardly ever went out. Her only real companions were two cats. For years she had refused to see any of her relations. For she felt that all they were interested in was her money.In this she was right. After her death, the few relations she had gathered at the house to hear Sally’s lawyer read her will. They were all su re that Sally had left a great fortune and they each demanded a share. This led to violent arguments and there was an angry scene in the living-room while they were waiting for the lawyer to arrive. When the lawyer finally appeared, he asked them to sit down and began to read the will in a solemn voice. Sally had indeed been immensely rich, but she had left all her fortune to her cats.Passage 4WaterMan depends on water for many things. He needs it for drinking, for growing food, for keeping himself clean and free from illness. He needs more and more waterfor industry. The growing demand for water is closely connected with the increasing population and with the pressing problem of providing enough food. But the world has not yet found ways of storing enough water to satisfy all these important needs. Great efforts are being made today to store water, particularly in hot countries where the rainfall is small.Three quarters of the earth is covered with water. But only three percent of this water is fresh. All the rest is salty, and fills the oceans and the great inland seas. It is the salt which makes sea water useless to man. If the salt is taken away, the water can be used for drinking and for watering plants.Passage 5A World of WordsWhatever else people may do when they come together, they talk. We live in a world of words. We talk to our parents and children, our wives and husbands, our friends and colleagues, and our students and teachers. We talk to bus drivers and total strangers. We talk face to face and over the telephone. And everyone responds with more talk. Television and radio further swell this torrent of words. As a result, hardly a moment of our waking lives is free from words, and even in our dreams we talk and are talked to. We also talk when there is no one around. Some of us talk aloud in our sleep. We talk to our pets and sometimes to ourselves. And we are the only animals that do this. The possession of language distinguishes humans from other animals. To understand humans one must understand the language that makes us human. Passage 6Automobiles in AmericaAmerica is full of automobiles. There are still many families without cars, but some have two or even more. Cars are used for more than pleasure. They are a necessary part of life.Cars are used for business. They are driven to offices and factories by workers who have no other way to get to their jobs. Sometimes small children must be driven to school. In some cities school buses are used only when children live more than a mile from school. When the children are too young to walk that far, their mothers take turns driving them to school. This is called a car pool. More car pools should be formed in order to put fewer automobiles on the road and to use less gasoline. The traffic in and around cities is a great problem. Too many cars are being driven. Something must be done about the use of cars.Passage 7Learning to WriteImitation is a powerful learning strategy. We learn to cook partly by watching our parents put together a meal. We learn how to drive by observing how others drive. Learning to write essays works the same way. We learn to write partly by reading essays written for various purposes and audiences. We can’t learn to cook if we just sit in the kitchen and eat. We have to watch from the cook’s point of view. We have topay attention to what the cook is doing and must not be distracted by the smells coming out of the oven. To learn to drive, we have to imagine ourselves in the driver’s seat, doing what the driver does, making decisions and choices. In learning to write, we cannot read passively, hoping just to be entertained or informed. We must learn to read actively, to read with a writer’s eye.Passage 8A Snow BlowerWinters have been hard in our part of the state, and my husband has spent many an hour clearing snow from our long driveway. He often admired our neighbor’s snow blower, so one fall day I decided this would make a perfect Christmas gift. I bought one and hid it away for the holiday.When snow was predicted for December 15, I broke down and gave my husband his present earlier than I had intended. He was excited. That night he made sure his new machine was fuelled and ready to run. Then he carefully laid out his warm clothes in prep aration for the next day’s adventure. He was so excited he couldn’t sleep at all that night.In the morning, my eager husband dressed quickly and glanced out the window. Sure enough, the ground was covered with a blanket of snow, but not one inch on the driveway. It had been cleared by our neighbor doing us a favor.Passage 9Working WivesShould married women work outside the home? The question seems almost odd today although it was a serious one in the past. More and more married women are working and for most of them the reason is obvious. They must work if their families are to survive in an age of soaring inflation and unemployment. But what about those who don't really have to work? Do their rewards justify their efforts? The answer is pretty clearly yes.In families in which the wife has a choice, the extra pay check may ease the financial burden on her husband. For young couples, it may mean the possibility of buying a house of their own. Unless the wife works, buying a house is simply out of the question. Another important reason is that a job provides a wife with additional security, psychological as well as financial, in the event of the illness or death of her husband.Passage 10The Use of DictionariesIf a student meets a word he does not know he usually consults a dictionary. This is perfectly natural. But many students use the dictionary far too much. They look up all new words and make vocabulary lists to learn by heart.Are these methods wrong? Like most things in language teaching, there are arguments for and against. It would be foolish to ban the use of dictionaries or the learning of vocabulary lists.But too much attention to vocabulary can have a harmful effect on a student's reading habits. If a student keeps stopping to look up new words, it may actually make him a less effective reader. Every time he breaks off his reading to consult a dictionary, he may slow down his reading speed because of the time involved. What’s more serious, he may interrupt his own thought processes, which should be engaged in following the continued development of thought in the text.Passage 11A Miser and His GoldThere was once a miser who sold all his property and turned it into a great lump of gold. He hid it in a hole in the ground and went continually to visit and inspect it. This roused the curiosity of one of his workmen, who suspected that there was a treasure hidden there.One day, the workman went to the spot and stole away the lump of gold. When the miser returned and found the place empty, he wept and tore his hair. But a neighbor who saw him in this grief and learned of the cause of it, said:" Don't feel so sad. Just take a stone and put it in the same place, and think that it is your lump of gold. Since you never meant to use it, the one will do you as much good as the other. "This story shows that the worth of money is not in its possession, but in its use. Passage12Childhood FearsI remember my childhood as generally happy and carefree. But I can also remember, even more vividly, moments of being deeply frightened. As a child, I was truly terrified of the dark.Maybe it was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that scared me so much. There was never total darkness, but a streetlight or passing car lights made clothes hung over a chair take on the shape of an unknown beast. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw curtains seem to move when there was no breeze. A tiny creak in the floor would sound a hundred times louder than in the daylight, and my imagination would take over, creating burglars and monsters. Darkness always made me feel so helpless, too. My heart would pound, and I would lie very still so that the "enemy” wouldn't discover me.。
