白马鸡繁殖早期栖息地选择和空间分布

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动物学报 51(3):383-392,2005

ActaZoologicaSinica

 2005201210收稿,2005203203接受

 3国家自然科学基金重点项目(No.30330050);芝加哥动物学会芝加哥濒危物种贸易公约基金(CZS)项目[Thisresearchwasfunded

bythegrantsfromNationalNaturalSciencesFoundationofChina(No.30330050);ChicagoZoologySocietyπsChicagoBoardofTradeEndan2

geredSpeciesFund]

33通讯作者(Correspondingauthor)1 E2mail:zhenggm@bnu1edu1cn,jiafei197146@tom1com

 动物学报ActaZoologicaSinica白马鸡繁殖早期栖息地选择和空间分布3

贾 非 王 楠 郑光美33

北京师范大学生命科学学院,生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,北京100875

摘 要 2003年1-6月和2004年4-6

月考察了分布于四川省稻城县著杰寺周围的白马鸡(Crossoptiloncrossop2

tilon)种群,分析繁殖早期白马鸡繁殖对的栖息地选择和空间分布特征。雌雄个体配对前,对整个研究区域进行

系统取样并测量若干环境变量的参数。配对后,利用随机样线调查繁殖对出现的位置和数量。有繁殖对出现的

栅格定义为探测栅格,反之为非探测栅格。水源距离、灌木盖度、灌木高度和草本高度等变量在探测和非探测

栅格间差异显著。将显著差异变量及这些变量间的一级互作经单变量逻辑斯蒂回归进行筛选,以保留变量为自

变量进行向前筛选的逐步逻辑斯蒂回归,最后选择具有最小AICC值的回归等式为最佳的回归模型。模型表明繁

殖对的栖息地选择与水源距离负相关,与灌木盖度正相关。2004年进行了重复调查,获得实际的探测和非探测

栅格与模型预测值之间无显著差异。计算繁殖对在0°(东-西),45°(东北-西南),90°(南-北)和135°(西

北-东南)4个方向上的变异函数。结果表明:繁殖对的方向性变异函数可用球状模型来拟合,拟合曲线和实验

曲线间的拟合程度达到显著水平,繁殖对呈明显的各向异性聚集分布[动物学报51(3):383-392,2005]。

关键词 白马鸡 繁殖对 逻辑斯蒂回归 模型 变异函数 空间变异 空间格局

Habitatselectionandspatialdistributionofwhiteeared2pheasantCrossoptiloncrossop2tilonduringearlybreedingperiod3

JIAFei,WANGNan,ZHENGGuang2Mei33

CollegeofLifeSciences,MinistryofEducationKeyLaboratoryforBiodiversitySciencesandEcologicalEngineering,BeijingNormalUni2

versity,Beijing 100875,China

Abstract Inordertocharacterizethehabitatselectionandspatialdistributionofwhiteeared2pheasantCrossoptilon

crossoptilonbreedingpairs,wesurveyedthespeciesaroundZhujieMonasteryinDaochengCounty,SichuanProvince,

ChinafromJanuarytoJune2003andApriltoJune2004.Linetransectsofsystematicsamplingwereusedtocharacterize

severalenvironmentalvariablesofthewholestudyareabeforetheoccurrenceofbreedingpairs.Thedistancebetweenany

twonearesttransectswas100mandgrids(100m×100m)wereobtainedevery100malongtransects.Randomtran2

sectswerethenappliedtocountthenumberofthebreedingpairsandrecordtheactualpositionstheyoccurredafterthee2

mergenceofthebreedingpairs.Randomtransectsasawholetraversedallthegrids.MoranπsIcoefficientofdependent

variableπsresidualswasthelowestwhenthelagwas200m.Therefore,thegridsizewas200m×200mand99grids

wereobtainedbyunitingfourcoterminous100m×100mgridsintoone.Thegridswithpresenceofthebreedingpairs

weredefinedasdetectedgridsandvalued1,thegridswithabsenceasundetectedonesandvalued0.Distancetothenear2

estwater,shrubcover,shrubheightandherbheightshowedsignificantdifferencesbetweendetectedandundetected

grids.Univariateanalysisoflogisticregressionwasderivedwiththeabovevariablesandtheirfirst2orderinteractionasin2

dependentvariables.Inunivariateanalysisthevariableswithprobabilitylessthan0130wereremained.Forwardelimina2

tionstepwiselogisticregressionwasconductedwiththeremainedvariablesasindependentvariables.Finally,regressione2

quationwiththelowestAICCvaluewasregardedastheoptimalmodel.Themodelcouldbeformallyexpressedas:π

(x)=eg(x)/1+eg(x),g(x)=21473+01223×shrubcover-01011×distancetonearestwater.Themodelsuggest2

edthathabitatselectionofbreedingpairswasnegativelyrelatedtodistancetonearestwaterandpositivelyrelatedtoshrub

cover.ThevalueofCTthatsuggestedthepredictiveaccuracyofthewholemodelwas78179%,thevalueofCPsuggest2

ingthepredictiveaccuracyofthedetectedgrid77155%andthevalueofCAsuggestingthepredictiveaccuracyoftheun2detectedgrid80100%.Theobservedpointswiththepresenceofthebreedingpairsweremostlylocatedinthegridswith

highprobabilityofoccurrencepredictedbythemodel.Wesurveyedthestudyareaagainin2004totestthegoodness2of∃

fitofthemodel.Theobserveddetectedandundetectedgridsinthisyeardidnπtshowsignificantdifferenceswithwhatthe

modelpredicted.Themodelcouldwellpredictthehabitatselectionofthebreedingpairs.Variogramsofthebreedingpairs

in0°(east2west),45°(northeast2southwest),90°(north2south)and135°(northwest2southeast)directionswerecalcu2

lated.Resultsshowedthatthedirectionalvariogramscouldallberegressedbysphericalmodel.Sphericalmodelvariograms

in4directionsrevealedthebreedingpairshaddistinctivespatialpropertiesthatwereeffectivelyquantifiedbytheparame2

tersnugget(C0),sill(C0+C),rang(a)andfractual(D).Thelowestnugget,sillandrangexistedin0°direction,

thehighestnuggetin90°,thehighestsillandrangin45°.TheKrigingdistributionofthebreedingpairswasobviously

nothomogenousbutratherclustered[ActaZoologicaSinica51(3):383-392,2005].

Keywords Whiteeared2pheasant,Crossoptiloncrossoptilon,Breedingpairs,Logisticregression,Model,Variogram,

Spatialvariance,Spatialpattern

白马鸡是国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物(郑光美和王

岐山,1998),主要分布在云南西北部,四川西部,

西藏东南部以及青海南部高海拔地区(3000-

4300m)的针叶林、针阔混交林和高山灌丛中

(Chengetal1,1978)。冬季,白马鸡形成个体数量

不等的群体;春季形成繁殖对进行繁殖活动

(Chengetal.,1978;郑光美和王岐山,1998)。目

前对该物种非繁殖期的栖息地选择和利用已有报道

(LuandZheng,2001,2002,2003),但有关繁殖对

的栖息地选择尚无研究。

数学模型是研究动物栖息地选择的重要方法之

一(GuisanandZimmermann,2000),这些模型从