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2017、2018年春考&秋考语填、词汇、完型专项（一）2017年春II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.“Zootopia” Broke Disney RecordsLast weekend, the latest Disney movie, “Zootopia,” broke records. The movie had the largest opening weekend for a Disney animation（动画片）. People across the United States bought more then $75 million worth of tickets.“Zootopia” is a city of animals. The movie stars a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal (21) team up to find a missing otter（水獭）.He is among several animals that have suddenly disappeared from the city.“Zootopia” (22) (praise) for its sharp humor and strong message since its release. The film explores racism and other issues in its description of relations (23) two kinds of animals in the city.Jared Bush and Phil Johnston wrote “Zootopia.” They told reporters that it started out as a spy movie (24) (set) in several different contexts. But they changed the story (25) they found the animal world especially interesting. They said to (26) something like this. “What’s this world like? What’s the history of this world?” And then, Bush said, they went to the experts. Not only (27) the writers speak with people who study couture and group behavior, but also they talked with animal experts like zookeepers.The creators have noted that the variety of animals was not easy (28) (produce) in drawings. In the movie, 64 species live in multiple neighborhoods (29) (represent) different animals’ living environments. Disney says “Zootopia” is its (30) (complex) animation yet. The extra effort is certainly paying off at the box office.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Does “qaz2ws” strike you as a nice safe password? What about “adgjmptw”? An analysis has found them to be among the passwords that are most 31 used, which of course means they are not secure at all.When ten million passwords were leaked on to the internet, they appeared to 32 that attempts by internet security experts to make us improve our password strength had been successful, even if, in the specific case of the leaked passwords, they are also completely pointless.While many of the passwords were still single words, such as “password”, there was also a clear attempt by many to make them harder to 33 . The problem was that people seemed to doso in the same way.“Users are becoming slightly more 34 of what makes a password strong,” explained WP Engine, an internet company that performed the analysis. “For instance, adding a number or two at the end of a text phrase. That makes it better, right?”But 35 no. They found that almost half a million passwords did this---and in 20 per cent of those all people did was put the number “1” at the end.Perhaps this is why some companies are now trying to move gradually beyond passwords. Yahoo! is giving users the option to associate their mobile phone with an account, had have a single use passwords texted to it each time they want to 36 on.Although the services is voluntary, Dylan Casey an executive at Yahoo!, said that it was “the first step to 37 passwords”. He said it was a(n) 38 that it was increasingly hard for people to remember all the passwords they had. “I don’t think we, as an industry, have done a good enough job of putting ourselves in the shoes of the people using our products,” he said.It would certainly be a more sensible strategy than same people’s improving upon “password” by using “wasspord” or, tran5p053d numb3r5 f0r 13tt3r5.“We are, for the most part, predictably 39 when it comes to choosing passwords, despite a decade of warnings from password strength checkers during sign-ups,” said WP Engine. “We love taking a(n) 40 , and so do password crackers.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ever been just about to call someone when the phone rings and the person in question is on the other end? Or have you experienced a sudden feeling of unease or danger even though you’re in a(n) 41 situation? If you don’t believe in it, you’ll put it down to 42 and on overactive imagination. But some people believe it is 43 that there is a sixth sense beyond smell, taste, touch, hearing and sight. Now, scientists are carrying out experiments not only to prove that it exists, but also to find out how you can 44 it to your advantage.Dean Radin, a researcher in California, has set up the Boundary Institute in Los Altos and is currently using its website to recruit（招募）4,000 people in 57 countries to find out if there are any 45 instances of sixth sense or, as he calls it, “precognition”—the ability to predict outcomes. The results so far are 46 . In a card test, where you have to 47 which of the five cards on a computer screen will be turned over to reveal a picture, the top scorers hit the right card 48% of the time—the 48 of this happening are 2,669 to 1.49 , Radin’s most famous study involves participants looking at a variety of images that are designed to stimulate a specific responses. In the experiment, participants sit alone in a room in front of a computer, with devices attached to their bodies to measure changes in skin resistance and blood flow, which are measures of emotional arousal. Radin has found that one in six people has a rise in arouse before they see the road accident-type pictures, while remaining 50 before the tree-type pictures.But even if you do accept that a sixth sense exists, the question is, does it actually 51 ? Radin says it does. “the future of our civilisation depends on 52 that are being made now,whether it’s about how we farm our food, how we get rid of our waste or whether we allow chemicals to be included in everyday products. We don’t have answers to these important questions, yet what we decide on will 53 our lives for decades or longer. Anything we can do to improve our ability to predict future events is well worth the 54 ,” he says. “If it turns out that some people can genuinely forecast the future some of the time, as I believe the data shows, then 55 this ability is as important as cutting-edge science.41. A. unfamiliar B. tough C. harmless D. ridiculous42. A. coincidence B. resistance C. innovation D. distraction43. A. mystery B. evidence C. falsehood D. innocence44. A. alter B. define C. find D. use45. A. historical B. strange C. mistaken D. true46. A. extraordinary B. inevitable C. alarming D. disappointing47. A. ask B. guess C. recall D. learn48. A. figures B. methods C. scores D. chance49. A. However B. Otherwise C. Meanwhile D. Consequently50. A. active B. calm C. silent D. alert51. A. serve any purpose B. take any advantage C. make any progress D. win any support52. A. inquiries B. decisions C. donations D. comparisons53. A. ruin B. improve C. affect D. wait54. A. expense B. risk C. effort D. wait55. A. proving B. challenging C. limiting D. understanding2017、2018年春考&秋考语填、词汇、完型专项（二）2017年秋II.. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.In the presence of animalsA professor of public health at UCLA says that pet ownership might provide a new form of health care. As far back as the1790s, the elderly at a senior citizens' home in England 21___________ (encourage) to spend time with farm animals. This would help patients' mental state more than the cruel therapies 22__________ (use) on the mentally ill at the time. In recent years, scientists have finally begun to find proof 23__________ contact with animals can increase a sick person's chance of survival and has been shown 24___________(lower) heart rate, calm upset children, and get people to start a conversation.Scientist think that animal companionship is beneficial 25___________animals are accepting and attentive, and they don't criticize or give orders. Animals have the unique ability to be more social. For example, visitors to nursing homes get more social responses from patients when they come with animal companions.Not only do people seem 26___________ (anxious) when animals are nearby, but they may also live longer. Studies show that a year 27___________ heart surgery, survival rates for heart patients were higher for those with pets in their homes than those without pets. Elderly people with pets make fewer trips to doctors than those without animal companions, possibly because animals relieve loneliness. Staying with animals is believed to create a peaceful state of mind, 28___________(result) in a favourable environment for everyone.Research confirms that the findings concerning senior citizens can be applied to restless children. They are more easy-going when there are animals around, with 29___________ company they tend to calm down more easily. They involve 30___________ in playing with animals and the presence of animals comforts them greatly.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in theII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Fa mous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is to “do what you love.” But mastering a skill, even one that you deeply love, (41) ______ a huge amount of dull work. Anyone who wants to master a skill must run through the cycle of practice, (42)______ feedback, modification, and increasing improvement again, again, and again. Some people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and take pleasure in their gradual improvement. Yet others find this kind of focused, time-intensive work to be (43) ______ or boring. Why?The difference may turn on the ability to enter into a state of “flow,” the feeling of being completely (44) ______ in what you are doing. Wh ether you call it being “in the zone,” or something else, a flow state is a special experience. Since Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi developed the (45) ______ of flow in the 1970’s, it has been a mainstay of positive-psychology research. Flow states can happen in the course of any activity, and they are most common when a task has well-defined goals and is at a(n) (46) ______ skill level, and where the individual is able to (47) ______ their performance to clear and immediate feedback.Csikszentmihalyi suggested that those who most (48) ______ entered into flow states had an “autotelic personality(自带目的性人格)”—a disposition to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow. While those without such a personality see difficulties, autotelic individuals see opportunities to build skills. Autotelic individuals are receptive and open to new challenges. They are also (49) ______ and have low levels of self-centeredness. Such people, with their capacity for “disinterested interest” have a great (50) ______ over others in developing their innate abilities.Fortunately for those of us who aren’t (51) ______ blessed with an autotelic personality, there is evidence that flow states can be (52) ______ by environmental factors. (53) ______, the learning framework prescribed by Montessori schools seems to encourage flow states.While there isn’t (yet) a pill that can turn dull practice into a thrilling activity for anyone, it is heartening that we seem, at least to some (54) ______, to be able to push ourselves toward flow states. By giving ourselves unstructured, open-ended time, minimal (55) ______, and a task set at a moderate level of difficulty, we may be able to love what we’re doing while we put in the hard work practicing the things we love doing.2017、2018年春考&秋考语填、词汇、完型专项（三）2018年春Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.My Kid-Free LifeI had expected to have more free time after my sons, Evan and Alex, each left for college, and I do. The kitchen calendar looks spare. Rarely (21) ______ I need to prepare family dinner every day. There is a lot (22) ___________ (little) laundry.When the boys were infants, I wondered how I (23) __________ (spend) all the hours before they were born. (24) ______ ______ I have those hours back, I can focus on my own needs.I had also expected to worry about them when they were away. And I do. Did they get their flu shots (流感疫苗注射)? Will they remember the talks about "good choices"? On the other hand, the worry is mixed with relief. I have seen (25) ______ vigorously they grow without me.Do I miss them? Yes. Both more and less than I'd guessed. Do I feel united for having lost my primary role in life? No, because over the years, I took great pride (26) ______ the fact my identity was not dependent on theirs. But, surprisingly, yes. (27) ___________ (be) a different kind of mother defines me now.The missing comes at unexpected moments: seeing the school bus drive by, starting to put too many plates on the table… When they have doubts about friendships or job prospects, I can only say, “I'm sure you will figure it out.”And yet, the spaces (28) ___________ (empty) by loss are more than filled by what I've found. I now have the chance (29) ___________ (see) them as the whole world does but also like no one else ever will. As adults I happened to help create.The rooms (30) ______ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. I knew they would leave, but they will find their way back.My home is empty, but overflowing.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.CastlesPalaces are known for their beauty and magnificence, but they offer little protection against attacks. By comparison, classic European castles are both ___31___ and well-fortified (防御坚固的) against attacks. Across the ages castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the ___32___ of English culture.Castles were ___33___ built in England by Norman invaders in 1066. As the invaders ___34___ through England, they fortified key positions to secure the land they had taken. The castles they built allowed the Norman lords (贵族) to move back to safety when threatened by English ___35___. Castles also served as bases of operation for attacks. Troops were assembled and organized around castles. In this way castles served both ___36___ and defensive roles in military operations.Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord administered control over his land. That is to say, the lord of the land often held meetings in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord came to report the affairs of the lands that they ___37___ and pay respect to the lord. They ___38___ arguments, handled business, feast, andenjoyed festivals. In this way castles served as important social centers in the Middle Ages in England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on high sites ___39___ the surrounding areas, castles were constantly there in the background of many peasants’ lives and served as a daily ___40___ of the lord’s strength.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The idea that “you get what you earn” is widely accepted as what is “fair” in most Western societies. __41__, this attitude appears very early in childhood: Children as young as three believe that hard work deserves more reward. But is this belief __42__?German psychologist Marie Schafer and her team decided to put this to the test, studying the __43__ of children, four to eleven years old, in three different cultures: Germany, Namibia and Kenya. The scientists asked the children to go fishing. In this case, the “fish” were metal balls, which the children tried to “catch” with magnetized fishing rods (磁性钓鱼竿). The idea was to test how much the children valued merit (值得嘉奖的成果). So each child was given a number of sweets equal to the total number of fish in the catch, and was told to __44__ the sweets any way he or she wanted. If they valued merit, children should divide up the sweets according to shares of the catch. This is, if they caught the same number of fish, they would choose to reward each one __45__, but if one did a better job of fishing, rewards would also be disproportionate.__46__ matters. That’s the main finding from the study published in the journal Psychological Science. The German children divided up the rewards exactly in proportion to __47__, even when this meant a very unbalanced distribution of rewards. __48__, children from Namibia and Kenya, the two rural African societies, barely took merit into consideration at all. These findings suggest that the basic concept of merit and distributive justice is far from universal in our species, and that __49__ is culturally defined.But __50__? The scientists offer some thoughts on this. It could be that in large-scale societies like Germany, merit is __51__ for regulating interactions between people who don’t know each other and may not interact again. In small-scale societies, however, most exchanges take place between people who are __52__ with one another. It may be more important in such societies to build long-term relationships based on equity (公道)---rather than to insist on equity in a single __53__. In societies like the one where the group of children from Namibia came from, sharing is an important approach to __54__ differences in wealth and increasing harmony. Children may accept these social values early on, and apply them even when the fishing trip is __55__.41. A. On the contrary B. First of all C. In addition D. What’s more42. A. universal B. old-fashioned C. childish D. deep-rooted43. A. intelligence B. growth C. behavior D. emotion44. A. contribute B. distribute C. move D. claim45. A. specially B. additionally C. generously D. equally46. A. Quality B. Relationship C. Culture D. Justice47. A. status B. productivity C. difficulty D. progress48. A. For instance B. In particular C. By contrast D. On average49. A. success B. fairness C. tradition D. diligence50. A. how B. where C. when D. why51. A. crucial B. inadequate C. debatable D. vague52. A. patient B. satisfied C. familiar D. honest53. A. interaction B. society C. individual D. factor54. A. highlighting B. exploring C. indicating D. balancing55. A. imaginary B. boring C. occasional D. informal2017、2018年春考&秋考语填、词汇、完型专项（四）2018年秋Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.S&A’s plan to fight theftThe S&A Supermarket is the only place where residents in Boise can go shopping. It’s also the most frequently (21) __________ (visit) shop for local police. In the first six months of 2016,14% of the city’s reports originated there, most for shoplifting(商店货物扒窃)---a figure that would be even higher if S&A called the police for every minor theft.(22) __________ (ease) that burden and reduce shoplifting losses, S&A is starting to do police work. Earlier this summer, 90 employees (23) __________ (hire) to guard its doors and check receipts. As part of a program called Justice, they will work with existing employees to manage some small crimes internally. If an employee catches a thief (24) _______ name is not in the police database---that is, a first-time offender---that person will get a choice: pay to take an online course about the consequences of their actions, or face charges. This idea, according to S&A, is to educate lawbreakers (25) _______ involving the police.But the efforts (26) __________ (raise) concerns. For one, it’s unclear (27) _______ the online courses are as helpful as they seem. It is because one of the administrative organizations is being accused of both overcharging and falsely (28) __________ (send) so-called shoplifters to prison. And ______ ______ there are extra staff members, S&A will remain difficult to secure because of its size and accessibility, especially during late-night hours, when fewer employees are working.Still, there are signs (30) _______ the program could work. The local police department says the program reduced police calls to the store by 40.5% from last October through July. But something truly transformational will likely take years---and more police runs in the meantime.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.Some Very “American” Words Come from ChineseMany of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. Some are from Cantonese(广东话).The English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems ___31___. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one’s head as a sign of respect to ___32___. In 1793, Britain’s King set Lord George Macartney and other tradesmen to China to ___33___ a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the emperor. Lord Macartney refused for his ___34___ to do more than bend their knees. Soon after, the English word “kowtow” was born.Another borrowed word that came about through ___ 35___ between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters “gong” and “he” together mean “work together, cooperate.” The original term---gongyehezuoshe---means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. Evans Carlson of the United States Marine Corps observed these cooperatives while in China. He was impressed, saying “…all the soldiers ___36___ themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over.” He thenbegan using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to create the same spirit he had ___37___.In English, a typhoon is a very powerful and ___38___ storm occurring around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. According to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were India and were called “touffons.” Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese world taifung, which means “great wind.” It is a coincidence that the word is ___39___ to touffon. The modern form of the word---typhoon---was influenced by the Cantonese but ___40___ to make it appear more Greek.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don’t drink beer or drive around with their dates. __41__, they stick to activities such as rock-climbing or talking about books.They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as signs of passage into __42__. The study found that the percentage of adolescents in America who have a driver’s license, who have tried alcohol, who date and who work for pay has dropped since 1976, with the most dramatic __43__ in the past decade. To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the __44__ have slimmed considerably. Between 1976, 86 percent of high school seniors had gone on a date; between 2010 and 2015, only 63 percent had, the study found.“People say, ‘Oh, it’s because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring,’ but they’re __45__ the larger trend,” said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study. Instead, she said, youths may be less __46__ activities such as dating or driving because in today’s society, they no longer need to be.According to an evolutionary-psychology theory, a person’s life strategy slows down or speeds up depending on the person’s __47__. Thus, exposure to a fierce and unpredictable environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the __48__ effect. In the first __49__, “you’d have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more __50__ and fewer resources,” said Twenge. A century ago, when life expectancy was lower and college education less common, “the goal back then was survival, not violin lessons by 5,” Twenge said. In that model, a teenage boy might be thinking more __51__ about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important.But the United States is shifting more toward the __52__ model, and the change is apparent in socioeconomic terms, Twenge said. “Even in families whose parents have never been to college, the idea that children need to be carefully __53__ has become widely accepted.”The __54__ of “adult activities” could not be due to more homework or after-school activities, the study said, nothing that teens today spend fewer hours on homework than they did I the 1990s and the same amount of time on after-school activities. Nor could the use ofsmartphones and the Internet be entirely the __55__, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available.41. A. Rather B. Consequently C. Moreover D. Unfortunately42. A. adolescence B. work C. schooling D. adulthood43. A. effects B. conflicts C. decreases D. costs44. A. options B. majorities C. responsibilities D. resources45. A. predicting B. challenging C. analyzing D. missing46. A. interested in B. distracted from C. particular about D. disappointed in47. A. contributions B. virtues C. surroundings D. outlooks48. A. equivalent B. opposite C. insignificant D. immediate49. A. round B. place C. strategy D. case50. A. disease B. opportunities C. properties D. benefits51. A. regretfully B. hesitantly C. seriously D. innovatively52. A. smarter B. slower C. more scientific D. more responsible53. A. observed B. organized C. selected D. educated54. A. arrangement B. implementation C. postponement D. promotion55. A. cause B. burden C. trend D. pattern2017、2018年春考&秋考语填、词汇、完型专项Keys:2017年春II. Grammar21. who 22. has been praised 23. between 24. set 25. because 26. themselves 27. did 28. to produce 29. representing 30. most complexIII. Vocabulary 31-35 CDFEB 36-40 IGAKJIV. Cloze 41-45 CABDD 46-50 ABDCB 51-55 ABCCD2017年秋21. were encouraged 22. used 23. that 24. to lower 25. because/as/ since26. less anxious 27. after 28. resulting 29. whose 30. themselves41-55 BDACA BDCBC ADABD。
Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to deal with Whiners（抱怨不停的人）?There are always some people radiating negativity in the work place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always a fool, the canteen food is awful, and they (21) ______ (treat) unfairly.Career experts say such habitual complainers are highly contagious(会蔓延的) , (22) ______ attitude can easily affect an entire team in a company. ―While s ome complaints might be reasonable, (23) ______ are taken from thin air. You need to see between these different types and adopt the right strategy towards each,‖ said Li Ming, HR manager at Wal-Mart (China).It is especially hard to deal with complaints at work (24) ______ you can‘t just walk away or put your colleagues‘ words out of mind. If you do, it will hurt your co-workers and you might be isolated. In a team-based company you belong to a group and need to behave accordingly. But don‘t show too much sympathy. Listening passively to others‘ complaints could damage your image and give others the impression (25) ______ you agree with them. ―Listen to the whiners actively,‖ said HR Li. ―Help them find a solution, or see (26) ______ there are ways to impr ove the situation.‖Zhai Min, 24, a software engineer at Kingdee International Software Group in Shenzhen, found that 3 elderly workers liked to complain about everything, from (27) ______ (extend) working hours to cheap hotels on business trips. ―I let them talk about their opinions,‖ she said, ―They feel better when (28) ______ (tell) someone how they want things to be.‖But listening actively is far from enough. Wang Dianxue, 27, is an Internet engineer at Beijing Push Marcom Group. His co-workers always complain that their computer systems are not working properly. ―I ask about the specifics and work together with them (29) ______ (fix) everything technically.‖ he said.HR managers believe that when staffs complain, it is more a matter of recognition than an actual problem. ―The real problem is that the whiners don‘t feel they are being taken seriously,‖ said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd. ―(30) ______ (give) them advice or perspectives attentively and the problem will usually di sappear.‖Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelersto TravelAfter 15 people died during Easter in 1967, the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign ‗Welcome to the mountains, but be responsible‘. Fjellvettreglene, the ‗mountain code‘(21) ______ encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature, has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture. It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment (22) ______ (assist) yourself and others, seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally, Norway (23) ______ (experience) an 11% increase in tourism in the past decade. From just 1,000 tourists in the whole of 2010, Trolltunga, a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain, (24) ______ (see) 1,800 visitors in one 2017 day alone. Why? Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook. A lot don‘t care about the experience of the hike. They just want proof (25) ______ they did it.But, while good for the economy, this tourism boom has become a threat (26) ______ Norway‘s natural environment.Used toilet paper, (27) ______ (abandon) tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike, Norway‘s leading hiking group, Friluftsliv, also has called for regulations on the number oftourists (28) ______ (hike) to Trolltunga. Lasse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said, ―On a busy day, you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just to get a picture. To control this, we‘d like to regulate (29) ______ _____ people can hike in a day. Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don‘t start too late and find (30) ______ stuck up here.‖Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneur (创业者). She won the 2015Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence, (21) _____recognizes innovative business solutions to social problems— the same recognition given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causingexcitement internationally (22)_______their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype(原型) for a flashlight (23)_______(power ) by the heat of one‘s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, but Makosinski‘ goal was (24)________(offer) a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity.― I‘m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school (25)_________ she couldn‘t afford electricity. She had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration,‖Makosinski explained.―I‘ve always been interested in doing sc ience projects, so I thought, why don‘t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people with light?‖The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when one side (26)______（heat）and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beam of LED light for 20 minutes, (27)______（use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators? ― Start now. There (28)________be nothing holding you back. Some students at colleges or even in high scho ol think ‗ Oh, I‘m a student. I just need to study.‘ (29)________may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot of other things. You can do (30)_______you want. Just go ahead.‖II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Developing Competent TeachingNations that have greatly improved their students‘achievements, such as Finland, Korea, Singapore, and others, attribute much of their success to their focused investments in teacher preparation and development. (21) (Create) a system that can routinely hire and prepare teachers effectively and can support successful teaching is the arena (竞技场) in which the United States (22) (fall) behind the most. Although there are some great teachers in every community, the landscape of the supports for quality teaching looks like Swiss cheese. In some states, the holes are smaller, and in others they are bigger. Nor in no case is there a fully (23) (develop) system of instructional support even remotely comparable to that in high-achieving nations. And of course, as we have seen, the system is the weakest in communities (24) students‘ needs are greatest.Some have argued that the answer to weak teaching in the United States id to eliminate ―barriers‖ to teaching, such as teacher education and certification requirements, allow anyone who wants to teach into the classroom, and fire those who prove not to be effective. Although the interest in teaching effectiveness is important, this approach does not offer strategy (25) (ensure) thatteachers will have opportunities to gain the knowledge and skills they need in order to be effective, or that all schools will have the resources to attract and hire the best teachers. (26) does it protect the students in low-income schools, who will be the victims of unprepared and inexperienced teachers in the years until these teachers have demonstrated their incapability and left the field.A regulation (27) (focus) on easy access and easy firing ignores the question of how to develop widespread teaching skills and ensure a strong supply of highly able teachers for schools.(28) such supply, principals will be unable to hire strong teachers even if they are free to hire whomever they are pleased with, and, evidence shows that schools are likely to fire weak teachers, (29) they feel they won‘t be able to replace them. Even if they do, there is little guarantee that the quality of teaching (30) (improve). although there are good reasons to argue for stringer evaluation practices for removing incapable teachers and for recognizing excellent ones, a theory that the major problems with teaching can be solved by carrots and sticks alone leaves the development of teaching abilities to chance.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21)_______(hide) secrets in themasterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a deadgrasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh‘s Olive Trees, when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spot ted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work‘s lower foreground. ―(23)_______(look) at the painting with the microscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.―We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he‘s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What‘s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25)_______ the insect landed in the paint.‖Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26)_______(far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27)_______(examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect‘s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ it som ehow landed on the artist‘s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30)_______ they can spot the dead insect.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blankHonesty, my mum always used to tell me, is the best policy. But when it comes to medicine, I had assumed it was important to always be honest with my patients. After all, the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential, or so I thought.I had just started working in geriatrics(老年病科). Mr. McMahon（21）in when his body was found very swollen（浮肿的）. I took a medical history （22）his daughter who had accompanied him in the ambulance. She'd been his main career for years. I stood （23）(look) at him as she gave a detailed history. "Has he lost any weight recently?" I asked, "Well, it's funny you should mention that, but yes." She said slowly. There was silence for a few moments. "Why? What are you worried about?" she asked. She was obviously very involved in his care and it was only fair that I told (24) the truth. "Well, we need to prove it's not cancer." I said and talked briefly about some of the tests I was going to order.Half an hour later, a nurse called me: "Mr. McMahon's daughter broke down－she said you told her he had cancer." My heart sank. By the time I arrived at the ward, my consultant was already there, explaining that we still had to run lots of tests and that it was by no means confirmed (25) he had cancer. I stood silently at the end of the bed. My consultant was obviously angry with me and as we left Mr. McMahon, she turned to me. "Why on earth did you do that?" she asked in disbelief. I looked at her and bit my lip. "She asked me what I was worried about and I told her." I said, hanging my head. "And give her more (26) (worry) about?" replied my consultant. "You don't say the word 'cancer' until it's confirmed. (27)you suspect it, think very carefully before you tell people."(28) it turned out, it wasn't cancer. But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their loved one they're sometimes selective in (29) they hear－and as a doctor it's important to be mindful of this. In being truthful, I'd made the situation (30) (bad).II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Different background shouldn‘t mean less education. Fifty years ago, in a primary school classroom, two boys aged 11 took an examination called the 11-plus,(21)______would make decisions about the rest of their lives. Paul passed and went to a ―grammar school‖. Baz failed the examination and went to a ―secondary modern school‖. They did not see each other again for years.Many grammar schools(22)______(establish) hundreds of years ago to teach the Latin language to children who were not from rich families. They encouraged students to study (23)______they were 18 and then to go to university. Secondary modern school students left at 16, usually with fewer qualifications than grammar school students. Baz says the secondary modem school had(24)______(few)resources and the quality of teaching was not as good.Things have changed. In the 1960s and the 1970s ―comprehensive schools‖were created. Today, 90 percent children aged 11 to 16 from the same area to the same school without(25)______(take) any entry examination.The British often disagrees about the best way(26)______(educate) their children. Many people say that comprehensive schools help more children to succeed because they provide everybody(27)______similar opportunities in a fairer way. Another view, though, is that more intelligent children, especially(28)______from poor homes are better supported at grammar schools. Now, the government plans to open new grammar schools(29)______ ______almost two million children will go to the same type of school that Paul attended.And Paul and Baz? Aged 60, they met again and compared (30)______had happened to them. After university, Paul qualified as a teacher. Baz went to work in a factory at 16 and later became an engineer. In fact, Baz had a much higher salary than Paul--so perhaps life is fair after all.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Today, Mandatory(强制的) recycling is a hard sell in the United States, where the economy runs largely along free market lines and the current landfilling waste remains inexpensive and efficient.Plain and simple, recycling still costs more than landfilling in most places. This fact, (21)______(couple) with the disappearance of the so-called ―landfill crisis‖ of the mid-1990s,means that recycling has not caught on, which runs (22)______ some environmentalists‘ wishes.However, many cities have found ways to recycle economically. They have cut costs by automating sorting and processing. They‘ve also found profitable markets for the recyclables(可回收物) (23)______ cast-off items are acceptable or even welcome. Increased efforts by green groups (24)______(educate) the public about the benefits of recycling have also helped.(25)______ ______ ______ uneconomical recycling seems to some people, some cities, such as Pittsburgh, San Diego and Seattle, have made recycling mandatory. In these cities, recyclables are banned from both household and business garbage. Families (26)______ recycle all basic recyclables, such as paper, cardboard, glass and plastic. To businesses with garbage containers ―polluted‖ with more than 10 recyclables，warnings (27)______(issue). If they fail to take action, fines are expected.New York, a national leader on recycling, decided to stop its least cost-effective recycling programs (plastic and glass) in 2002. But rising landfill costs ate up the $39 million savings expected.As a result, the city brought back plastic and glass recycling and committed to a 20-year contract with a recycling firm, Hugo Neu Corporation, which built the (28)______(advanced) recycling facility in the country.The company focuses on (29)______could cut costs. Automation hasstreamlined the sorting process, and easy access to rail has cut both the environmental and transportation costs. The new deal and new facility have made recycling efficient for the city and its residents,(30)______(show) once and for all that responsibly-run recycling programs can actually save money, landfill space and the environment.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Star Giraffe Finally Gives BirthApril, a giraffe who became an Internet star after her pregnancy was broadcast online, has finally given birth, ending months of excitement for her audience.The live broadcast from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, the State of New York, began during the winter. (21) drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after the period (22) _____ _____ April was expected to give birth had gone. Others became frustrated, questioning (23)she was really pregnant.Finally, (24)_____ April was pacing in her pen (畜栏) on April 15, two hooves (蹄) began to appear. After a few hours, a newly-born giraffe was lying on the floor, (25)_____ (look) around confusedly. The calf (幼崽) tried to stand a few times but (26)_____ not. An hour later, it was (27)_____ its feet, walking around carefully. A spokesman for the animal park said the calf was a boy. ―After months of pregnancy, both mom and calf are doing fine,‖ said Jordan, the owner of Animal Adventure Park.People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April (28)_____ (draw) will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years.Fortunately, there are already signs (29)_____ April‘s fame is breathing new life into the area. Dozens of families recently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving, only (30)_____ (find) it closed for the winter. A nearby hotel has booked more than 100 reservations for a package that includes admission to the park when it reopens in May.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Recreational Vehicles (房车): On the RoadRecreational vehicles (RVs) are a typically American invention. Nationally, sales rose to 430,000 units last year, a 40-year high. At the inexpensive end, they sell for as little as $5,000 for a caravan (大篷车); deluxe versions cost up to $1,000,000 and are typically equipped with a bedroom,kitchen and bathroom that are bigger than ones in many European flats. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-manufacturer in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, (21)_ (rise) by 43% and 17%, respectively so far.That is a big change. During the 2008-09 recession, notes Mr. Troiano, the owner of Continental R V, R V dealerships everywhere closed down, leaving his shop among the very few (22)(leave) servingtheNewY orkmetropolitanarea. Mr. Troianoisontrack(23) (sell) more RVs this year than in any other since the early 2000s. The current rebound ( 反弹) ismostly(24) the economy‘s recovery, but it also springs from the fact that new typesof customer are embracing thelifestyle.A decade ago, the average age of an RV-owner was 49, and over 90% were white, says Kevin Broom of the Recreational V ehicle Industry Association (RVIA), which doesn‘t indicate a brightfuture. Another boost comes from sufficient immigrants,(25)are keen toexperiencelong, self-planned road trips in America. Mr. Troiano‘s most recent big sale wasto(26)richAsian family.The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales — last year less than 1% of R Vs produced domestically (27)(ship) to foreign markets —may improve, too. China‘sgovernment, for example, has planned to build 2,000 campgrounds by 2020, up from an estimated 300 today, in a bid to promote domestic tourism, particularly to remote rural regions. Chinese firms such as Y utong Bus make RVs, but not of the quality that many Chinese want. The country imported 1,000 vehicles last year, over half of themAmerican.R V manufacturers are also marketing theconcept(28)their motor homescanbe commercial as well as leisure vehicles.They(29)allow travelling salesmen,businessmento save on food and hotelcosts. (30)you park it, it can be your office, as well as yourhome.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.At first glance, these impressive images look like moment captured by a talented photographer. But you cannot always believe what you see. These pictures, with their incredible photographic details, are in fact the creations (21)_______ (draw) by Scottish hyper-realist Paul Cadden.With often nothing more than a pencil in hand, the 47-year-old artist produces elaborate drawings that could easily (22)______ (mistake) for the work of any modern digital camera. From the wrinkles on a woman‘s face and beads of water, to a breath of smoke from a cigarette, Cadeenis able to capture (23)______ (complicated) features of his subjects in such painstaking detail that the images look astonishingly real.Cadden said he began drawing at a very young age and has always been interested in art. With some experience in animation and graphic design, he moves into hyper-realism (24)______ he has a special gift for capturing details.His creations reflect his love for details, with a single image (25)______ (take) up to six weeks to produce. Working with pencil, graphite and white chalk, Cadden is able to create seven poster-size pieces a year, (26)_____ sell for up to $5,000 each.The artist explained that he does not want people to focus completely on the techniques involved in his pieces. ―I want them to think about the work and (27)_______ I‘m actually drawing,‖ he said, ―Iprefer to study the internal aspect of the subject (28)______ _______ focus solely on the external part.‖Now, Cadden is planning to take his pieces to more foreign countries, and to hold exhibitions in China, Cuba and Brazil. He hopes to get established enough(29)______ (make) a living from his work. ―I want to be doing lots of exhibitions in five years‘ time. To have a successful solo show is a long-cherished dream of mine,‖he said. ―It‘s such a fantastic feeling (30）______ somebody buys your paintings and you know the paintings are sitting somewhere in their houses.‖II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.One of my (21) ________ (memorable) vacations took place on a farm.When I was a boy, my parents and I traveled from New York City to the Pennsylvania countryside for a weeklong taste of rural life. We stayed in a guesthouse on a farm, (22) ________ (join) in the daily routines and eating meals with the farmer and his family. We got up early to seethe cows as they (23) ________ (milk). I even tried my hand at milking one, and then joined the farmer as he released the cows into the field afterward.Decades later I still have vivid memories of that trip and of experiencing a lifestyle so different (24) ________ my own. It made me realize the value of a vacation.To this day, I wonder (25) ________ that farmer ever managed to enjoy a vacation of his own. There is never a day when the animals don‘t need to be fed. But I still think of that family trip when I plan my approach to taking time off with my wife and kids. Vacations are a time for resting and connecting. As a bank manager, I spend much of my workday encouraging my customers to save their money. One of the reasons I give is that we should all have enough for a family vacation every year. In our busy lives, family is what we (26)________ be saving our money and time for.For my family, our vacation starts when we begin planning the trip. We talk about destinations and our budget ahead of time. Among the things we discuss: Can we save money by renting a house instead of spending six nights in a hotel? Would it be better (27) ________ (buy) groceries and cook for ourselves rather than eat out every night?(28) ________ (involve) the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they have a great vacation too. I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim. So I build in some relaxation time for us all (29) ________ ________ the vacation can work for everyone.Each year, setting aside vacation time to spend together is especially important to us. This is the one week a year I don‘t care whether my kids clean their room or do the dishes. (30) ________ matters that week is that everyone is having a great timeSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.。
B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)My father used to work in the fire prevention industry. He saw many terrible situations at the scene of the fire. And he attended Disaster Conferences. That was quite ____75____for a father.As a result, as children, we used to have fire drills at home.My father would call us to a room. Whatever we were doing, we would go to the room ____76____and stand in front of my father.“OK,” he would say and point in one direction or another, “the fire is OUT THERE. How would you get out of here?”If we knew, we would answer him with what he had taught us before.“Open the window and climb out!”“But, what will you do if the window is____77____?”“Break the window?”“What with? What would you use in the sitting room to break the window? And once you’ve broken the window, how would you make it ____78____to climb out? What would you put over the broken glass?In the sitting room, we would use the cushions off the sofa and armchairs to cover any broken glass. Upstairs, he taught us how to climb out of a bedroom window: throw out as many soft things to land on, such as pillows, blankets, quilts and even teddy bears, and then climb out and lower ourselves down to make the ____79____to the ground as short as possible.Besides, we should put wet towels at the bottom of the door to prevent smoke from coming in.Whenever we moved house, he would ____80____the advice accordingly (相应地). It made us aware of the risk of fire.If we can pay more attention to fire risk in our daily life, there will be fewer tragedies.75. A) unusual B) important C) strange D) perfect76. A) in this way B) with great care C) at once D) all the way77. A) stuck B) broken C) open D) clean78. A) comfortable B) pleasant C) safe D) easy79. A) road B) distance C) weight D) rope80. A) discover B) take C) provide D) changeB. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)My husband Bill, was diagnosed with cancer(癌症）.Over the course of seven months. he went from beating me silly at tennis to needing my help to go to the bathroom.It was the best seven months of my life. Maybe I don't____75____mean that, but it was certainly the time when I felt most alive. I had become a respected professor, and a responsible wife. During those seven months, I came to understand that nothing would____76____more than what I had done to my husband.When I couldn't sleep at night, I prayed(析祷）to God. Then I began praying it daily even if I had no difficulty sleeping, which____77____.my breathing and calmed my mind.During his last week. a relative visited I noticed that she'd changed her appearance. but in a funny way. It was the kind of ____78____I kept to myself. After she left .Bill voiced exactly what I'd been thinking, in that truthful way he bad and I found myself laughing out in my heart.I could live with this man, even needing as much care as he does, for the next 40 years, I thought. ____79____,he would be dead very soon. I will never again have that high a purpose in my life. I will try to be a little less unhappy, and a little more ____80____for the small moments in life .I am a better person for caring for Bill. It was his last, best gift to me.75. A)completely B)hardly C) actually D)carefully76. A)care B)matter C) change D)cost77. A)slowed B)increased C)held D)took78. A)jokes B)friends C)work D)thought79. A)Luckily B)However C)Instead D)Finally80. A)sorry B)excited C)thankful D)worriedB. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)Do you ever have one of those days when everything goeswrong? Your alarm clock doesn’t go off, so you oversleep. you spill coffee on your clothes at breakfast and have to change. Your scooter has a flat tire, so you have to catch the bus. But you miss the bus and end up walking to school.You can wait for the feeling to____75____, but why not do something to make yourself better?Write down your thoughtsWhen someone annoys you, write a letter. Tell the person made you mad how you feel. Then tear（撕）the letter up, ____76____you don’t mail it, you will feel better when you get those feelings out your systemEat something you enjoyEat a favourite "comfort food. "These foods vary from person to person and are usually something with a good____77____, Your comfort food could be peanut candy, like you ate when you were a child. If might be bubble tea, which you used to drink when you spent time with your best friendExpect the good feelings connected with that food to lift your spirits. They will! But if you always turn to food when you feel down, the____78____weight you gain will make you feel worse.Do something nice for someone elseWhen you do something for someone else, you stop focusing on yourself. You don't have to do something big. Just do something you know a friend or classmate will appreciate, Put flowers and a card on your teacher's desk. But don't sign the card. You'll smile all day as you____79____your teacher is puzzling over who gave her gift.Play with your petAnimals____80____seem to have bad days. They are always happy to see you. Scientists say paying with a pet comforts you and lowers your blood pressure. If you don’t have a pet of your own, visit a friend who doesBeating a bad mood not only makes you feel better. A positive attitude might also help you keep fit. A recent medical study showed sad or angry people are much more likely to get sick than people who are happy. So get busy and cheer.75. A) go over B) go away C) go out D) go wrong76. A) If B) Because C) Since D) Although77. A) taste B) memory C) smell D) message78. A) average B) other C) extra D) enough79. A) imagine B) suppose C) judge D) decide80. A) sometimes B) often C) always D) neverB. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)The Thanksgiving turkey is the cause of stress for me. I have____75____it as an enemy on Thanksgiving.Over the years I had tried just every method of cooking the turkey. When I just got married I tried the traditional pan roasting method. But I forgot to buy my turkey____76____the day before Thanksgiving. And I bought a big one because I wanted to be sure to have enough turkey for everyone. Unfortunately, it wasn’t thawed (解冻) by the time I needed to cook it. I ended up with a dry turkey overcooked on the outside and rarely done____77____. And I had lots and lots of leftover turkey because nobody liked it.The following year I was busy with a baby. So again I forgot to buy my turkey in time to get it____78____thawed. I had to be up most of the night before Thanksgiving running cold water over my turkey to get it thawed. The turkey ended up turning out okey but I was so tired and sleepy by the time I served dinner.The next year I got a method of cooking turkey from local radio in early November. I was ____79____to give it a try. Making that turkey was like taking care of a baby for nearly two days.I was so pleased with that turkey. I thought it was going to be the best tasting turkey ever since it was the most____80____I ever put in making turkey. But that didn’t happen. Nobody liked the flavour of the turkey.I decided not to make one this year. But my family thought it wasn't Thanksgiving without turkey. The Thanksgiving turkey has been a yearly joke at our house and when I don’t make one there is nothing to complain about.75. A) visited B) considered C) heard D) told76. A) before B) after C) until D) since77. A) on the surface B) on the top C) at the bottom D) in the middle78. A) completely B) carefully C) easily D) slowly79. A) afraid B) responsible C) surprised D) ready80. A) money B) work C) power D) waterB. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)The Chinese used the abacus as early as the 2nd century BC, but now are welcoming “machine brains” to educate the young in this modern age.For the young, e-learning seems so____75____. Zhu Xufei, 12, uses her parents’ mobile phone to study English every day on her way to school and back home. Through an app, she can listen to and repeat back words and sentences in English. The app even tells the differencebetween her speech and proper pronunciation, andthen____76____provides the score.The mother of 12-year-old Zhu said, “The apps haveenabled her to learn and practice spoken English anytime,anywhere,” she says. “The apps also have been designed to use ga mes to encourage learning.”It’s very popular nowadays, especially with parents. WeChat accounts of parents post progress reports every day on____77____their children are doing. For example, “Day 30: My son Thomas has learned 99 English words on Talking Pe ts.”It’s not only children using mobile devices (设备) to learn new things. Many Metro or bus passengers can be seen with earplugs tuned into app courses, like business management or the driving test. “I don’t have to____78____books around and turn pages on crowded buses,” an office lady says. “With just a touch of the screen on my smartphone, I can do practice tests whenever I have time. It also records my____79____and makes it easier for me to review them.”E-learning has been welcomed among education services. Zheng Lili, owner of an English training school, says the learning apps help____80____better monitor the performances of students.We believe that education should be ‘whole-person’ development and such devices are just support tools.75. A. strange B. difficult C. natural D. horrible76. A. immediately B. gently C. nearly D. secretly77. A. whether B. where C. why D. how78. A. borrow B. carry C. return D. deliver79. A. mistakes B. jobs C. photos D. interests80. A. bosses B. neighbours C. friends D. teachersB. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)Emily was an eighth grader. To pass her Civics course, she had to do some volunteer services in a nursing home for a week.One Monday, Emily went to the nursing home after school. When she arrived, she was told she would spent an hour every weekday with an elderly lady, Mrs. Blair. She was then led into a room, where an old lady in a flowery dress was sitting on a sofa.Emily stood awkwardly（别扭地）in front of the lady. She cleared her throat and said, “Good afternoon I’m Emily.”“Good afternoon, Emily. Take a seat, please.” Mrs. Blair replied.Then, ____75____filled the space between them. Emily wondered what to say.“Tell me about yourself, Emily,” Mrs. Blair said suddenly.“Well,” Emily started, “I don’t have any grandparents, so I don’t know how to get on well with elderly people. I love the performing arts. I’m here mainly because I have to volunt eer here to get a good grade for my Civics class.”Mrs. Blair didn’t seem to mind. “Many people, especially teens, don’t seem to ____76____old people like me. Now you are here, and I’m going to change that about you. Ask me anything.”Emily thought for a m oment, and finally decided, “What was your job?”“I was a Broadway star in the 1950s.” Mrs. Blair answered.“Cool! Can you tell me about it!” Emily asked, amazed.Mrs. Blair smiled. “Back then, ____77____the lead actress had the honor to wear a special bracelet. I was the lead in almost all of the plays, so I always wore the bracelet. Till this day, I stillhave it.”Emily smiled along with Mrs. Blair and listened to the other stories, attentively. She had become very ____78____Mrs. Blair’s stories. She d ecided to come earlier the next day.Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday passed by quickly. Then came Friday. As she was leaving, Emily was really upset to say goodbye.“Don’t be sad. You can still visit me,” Mrs. Blair comforted her. She then handed a smal l box to Emily, “It’s my gift to you.”Emily ____79____opened the box and was surprised to see what was inside. “It’s the bracelet that you wore. Thank you!” Emily said, with tears in her eyes. “I’m sure to visit you whenever I’m free.”On the way home, Emily thought of her own love for the performing arts. She touched the bracelet and____80____that she would keep her word to Mrs. Blair.75. A. happiness B. friendship C. silence D. humour76. A. care for B. agree with C. depend on D. worry about77. A. even B. maybe C. yet D. only78. A. afraid of B. easily C. carefully D. suddenly79. A. angrily B. easily C. carefully D. suddenly80. A. promised B. denied C. introduced D. liedB. Choose the best answer and complete the passage(选择最恰当的选项完成短文)(12分)How many times has this happened to you? you're trying to pass a crowded sidewalk. And someone talking or texting on a cell phone slows you down, or worse, ____75____ you.What if we could put these multi-taskers(一心二用的人) into their own lane, freeing up half of the sidewalk for pedestrians(行人) who are paying attention?That's the idea behind the new show Mind Over Masses. The show created a separate lane on a Washington, DC sidewalk for those who wanted to look at their phones, while the other lane was for ____76____walkers. It was part of a behavior experiment by the National Geographic Channel in the US.However, the experiment didn't really work ____77____it could have because a lot of phone users didn't notice the markings at all. "it's no surprise walkers didn't notice the lanes because they were ____78____ looking at their phones, "said YahooChecking phones on the go is just one of a few annoying things about modern mobile phone usage. Below are some phone etiquettes (礼仪) tips provided by the Guardian. Take a look You should reply to messages. it's very frustrating to text a friend who takes a long time to reply, yet ____79____to update their statuses(状态)on their social networking sites in the meantime.You should pick a nice ringtone. No one appreciates it when an annoying ringtone breaks into what they’re doingYou should not visit someone's home and immediately ask for Wi-Fi. Do you seriously want to climb over the back of the couch, grab the router(路由器), and read the Wi-Fi password off the back of it? ____80____go to your friend's home, drink and eat what your host gives you, and chat face to face.75. A) runs away B) runs out of C) runs into D) runs after76. A) slower B) quicker C) more careful D) more patient77. A) as well as B) as soon as C) as good as D) as long as78. A) too afraid B) too busy C) too careful D) too difficult79. A) fails B) succeeds C) manages D)enables80. A) Instead B) Instead of C) In addition D)In returnB. Choose the words to complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词完成短文) (12分)Most films set in space are usually horror films and include aliens intheir story. Gravity(地心引力) is different and focuses on the humandrama____75____. The film’s special effects are so amazing that it iseasy to believe that Gravity really was filmed in space. It took more thanthree years for a British team to create all of these effects.We first meet the____76____outside of their spaceship on a spacewalk. Dr Stone, a strong-minded mother whose daughter died in an accident, is on her firstjourney into space and is joined by Matt Kowalski, an experienced astronaut. Kowalski makes jokes and tells stories about his life to help Dr Stone feel less nervous about being in space.The astronauts are soon____77____that pieces of a damaged satellite are flying in their direction. Their spaceship is soon hit and destroyed. Dr Stone is knocked into space. It seems that she will die there. The fast moving camera work and losing____78____with the Earth makes everything even scarier(恐怖的).____79____, Kowalski saves Dr Stone and they decide to go to the nearby International Space Station and see if their escape vehicle can be used to return to the Earth. On the journey, they have trouble and are about to lose their lives in space together. Kowalski allows himself to float away to save Dr Stone.From here Dr Stone is alone and the film explores whether she is strong enough to stay alive, or want to.Gravity is a powerful film about a woman’s journey in a(n) ____80____place. You will find it worth watching because it is not only interesting but also moving.75. A) still B) yet C) instead D) perhaps76. A) characters B) directors C) actors D) fans77. A) agreed B) warned C) shown D) telephoned78. A) energy B) patience C) sight D) contact79. A) Finally B) Recently C) Luckily D) Immediately80. A) dark B) lonely C) horrible D) emptyB. Choose the best answer and complete the passage(选择最恰当的选项完成短文)(12分)Last month some parents visited a pizza restaurant in Floridawith their children. On the door, they saw a sign in capital letters:“NO CHILDREN.” “Why can’t we bring our children?”, “What onearth does the owner intend to do?!” The parents were surprised andcomplained____75____.So why did the restaurant put up the sign on its door?Troy Taylor, the owner of the pizza restaurant, found that many parents couldn’t control their children and many children couldn’t have meals quietly, which____76____other customers. Therefore, he made up his mind to ban (禁止) children from his restaurant.Some people said that this was discrimination (歧视). Mr. Taylor, however, defended (为…辩护) his decision. He said that the restaurant was near a busy road, so there might be some____77____if the parents didn’t take good care of their children. M oreover, the restaurant served alcohol, which is not child-friendly.Others ____78____his decision. They said they were tired of noisy children in restaurants and now they could finally have a place for adults only.____79____, many other restaurants have also met the same problem. Some have done nothing and others have tried to ban children during certain times of the day. There’s one restaurant in Italy which has been____80____in dealing with the problem. They rewarded well-behaved children with a family meal discount (折扣), to encourage parents to control their children.These methods may work for a while, but it may be a long time before restaurants find a permanent (永久的) solution to this problem.75. A) politely B) angrily C) gently D) clearly76. A) disliked B) trusted C) disturbed D) prevented77. A) noise B) joy C) food D) danger78. A) supported B) cancelled C) refused D) explained79. A) In brief B) In fact C) After all D) In return80. A) creative B) responsible C) disappointed D) crazyB. Choose the best answer and complete the passage(选择最恰当的选项完成短文)(12分)When my daughter, Sophie, was admitted to acollege we were very happy, but a little worried aboutbecoming empty nesters(空巢老人). I knew I had to dosomething, starting with the summer before she wasaway from home.Sophie had a pack of colourful blouses. I knew she wouldn’t wear them anymore, so I decided to make a quilt(被子) out of them. I tried to work on the quilt when Sophie ____75____ – which turned out to be often. She was very busy with her friends. Even when she was at home, her door was shut more than usual. This made me feel a bit hurt. ____76____, we didn’t have mu ch time together before she went to college.When we arrived at the college, a wave of emotion flooded me. Sophie saw it in my face. She took a beautiful ____77____from her bag. “I made this for you, Mom,” she said. Then I knew why she had been staying behind a ____78____door that summer. It was an album of photographs recording the life of our family over the last 17 years.I broke into tears. Some of it was sadness at having to let her go, but some of it was ____79____. I knew that our connection was more____80____than ever as we would always be connected by the strongest link, the love that went into every stitch(针脚) of her quilt and every photo in my album.In Sophie’s dormitory room I unfolded the quilt on her bed. For a moment she was speechless. Then she threw her arms around me. “Mom, I love you,” she said. One of her new friends was calling her outside. Sophie turned, and I let her go.75. A. felt tired B. went out C. had time D. fell asleep76. A. By the way B. What’s more C. For example D. After all77. A. model B. dress C. book D. card78. A. heavy B. broken C. closed D. narrow79. A. joy B. surprise C. desire D. fear80. A. important B. powerful C. serious D. difficultB. Choose the best answer and complete the passage(选择最恰当的选项完成短文)(12分)Are you an optimist or a pessimist? Optimists always see the good side of things. Pessimists always expect the worst and see the bad side. The optimist says, “The glass is half-full.” The pessimist says, “The glass is half-empty.”Dr. Seligman is a scientist whose studies show that optimists are____75____than pessimists.Pessimists suffer from depression (抑郁症) more often than optimists do. Dr. Seligman studied a group of men who had heart attacks. After eight years, most of the optimistic men were still alive, while most of the pessimistic men had ____76____ another heart attack.Dr. Seligman also says that optimists are more successful. Sportsmen, politicians, and businessmen who have optimistic views of the world tend to (趋于) succeed.Here’s the good news: Everyone can learn to be more optimistic. The main way is to ____77____the way you talk to yourself. When something bad happens to pessimists, they believe it will affect their whole lives. When something bad happens to optimists, they see it as just one event. They also believe that they can solve the problem, so it won’t happen again.Here’s a(n) ____78____: An optimist and a pessimist take a math test. They are both good students, but both of them fail this test. The pessimist thinks, “I’m probab ly going to fail every test. I’m never going to learn math. It’s too difficult for me. ____79____will like me because I’m a terrible student.” The optimist thinks, “It was only one test. I’m a smart student. I know I can do much better next time.”Be kinder to yourself. Be more ____80____. Always see the glass as half-full!75. A. happier B. healthier C. smarter D. younger76. A. got rid of B. worried about C. died from D. waited for77. A. change B. lose C. choose D. find78. A. saying B. subject C. experiment D. example79. A. Everybody B. Anybody C. Somebody D. Nobody80. A. thankful B. useful C. hopeful D. carefulB. Choose the best answer and complete the passage(选择最恰当的选项完成短文)(12分)Ronny looked like every other kid in the first-grade classroom where I volunteered as the Reading Mum. However, Ronny stood apart from his classmates in other ways. He had a speech problem so he couldn't____75____like other kids in his grade. I worked with all the students in Ronny's class one by one to improve their reading skillsOn the days when it was Ronny’s turn, I gave him a silent smile, and he flew out of his chair. He sat very close to me and opened the book as if he was opening a treasure that nobody had everseen. I watched his fingers move slowly under each letter as he tried his best to read out. Every time he____76____to read a word with a strange pronunciation, the biggest smile would spread across his face and his eyes would shine with____77____.A few weeks before the school year ended, I held an awards ceremony. I presented Ronny with a book --- one of those Little Golden Books that only cost $5. Tears ran down his face as he held the book close to him and went back to his seat. I stayed with the Class for the rest of the day.Ronny never let go of the book, not once. It never left his hands. A few days later, I returned to the school to visit. I____78____Ronny on a chair near the playground, the book open in his lap(大腿). His teacher said, “He hasn't put that book down since you gave it to him. Do you know that's his first book he‘’s ever actually owned?” Keeping back my tears, I walked towards Ronny, placed my hand on his shoulder and asked, “Will you read me your book, Ronny?” And then, fo r the next few minutes, he read to me more____79____than I’ d ever thought possible from him. The pages were already dog-eared, like the book had been read thousands of times already. When he finished reading, Ronny closed his book and said with great satisfaction, "Good book!" What a powerful contribution (贡献) the writer of that Little Golden Book had made in the life of a disadvantaged child. At that moment, I knew I would get____80____about my own writing and do what that writer had done, and probably still dose --- care enough to write a story that changes a child’s life, care enough to make a difference.75. A) write B) copy C) listen D) read76. A) refused B) decided C) managed D) pretended77. A) fear B) pride C) promise D) silence78. A) realized B) noticed C) followed D) heard79. A) coldly B) slowly C) clearly D) quietly80. A) serious B) nervous C) worried D) surprisedB. Choose the best answer and complete the passage(选择最恰当的选项完成短文)(12分)Mrs. Dermit, my drama(戏剧)teacher, wanted to look for someone to play a leading role--an energetic boy in a play. ____75____, she thought that I could act this important part. After hearing the good news, my friend Kevin and I talked about the play happily.____76____Kevin wasn’tchosen for a role on the stage, his job with helping all the actors was important to the success of the play. I told him I was a little____77____because I had a lot of lines(台词)to memorize. “You can do it.” he said. I knew I could depend on him: We had been friends since the third grade, and we made a good team.Preparations for the play moved at a quick pace. While doing his own work, Kevin also spent hours helping me learn my lines. He often said my lines with me by silently moving his lips. We even____78____that he could probably play my part as well as I could.Everything was ready for the performance. However, on the day of the play, I woke up with a high fever and I couldn’t perform. The play was planned to open in fewer than six hours, and we had no time to cancel it. I tried to think of a way to help. Then it hit me--Kevin knew the line as well as I did. I called Mrs. Dermit to give her my ____79____. Within a few short hours, Kevin stood on the stage in costume(戏服)and makeup. The amusing lines he had practised with me so many times made the crowd laugh and cheer. In a strange turn of events, Kevin and I had____80____the day for everyone by working as a team.Of course, I was terribly disappointed to have missed my chance in the spotlight, but I was extremely thankful to have such a good friend.75. A) Recently B) Personally C) Luckily D) Probably76. A) While B) Although C) Because D) After77. A) nervous B) bored C) satisfied D) lonely78. A) proved B) promised C) expected D) joked79. A) question B) information C) suggestion D) explanation80. A) kept B) saved C) provided D) spentB. Choose the best answer and complete the passage(选择最恰当的选项完成短文)(12分)Keeping a good budgetYou may have got much New Year money from your parents and your relatives this year. But if you don’t have a (n) ____75____plan for spending it, it could run out very fast. So you may want to plan a budget.A budget is a plan to____76____where your money goes. Budgeting can help you save forthe things you want, but can’t pay for right now. Sounds useful? Look at the following things before you start your budget:1. Every week, there are things we have to pay for, like school lunches and buses. There are also things we like to spend money on just for fun! These are our weekly expenses (支出).2. Since we can’t have money for everything, we have to make____77____. We need to ask if we really need something or just want it. Needs are what you must have in order to live, like food and water. Wants are things you would like to have or do, ____78____you can still live without them. For example, CDs and cartoons.3. List what you spend on needs---and if there is money left over, you will save for the things you really want. This is called a budget.4. If you don’t have enough money for what you need and want, you may have to____79____one for the other.No budget is fixed. Keep an eye on yours. Maybe you wanted a comic book, but now you want a video game____80____. Your needs may change into wants, or your wants may change into needs.75. A) attractive B) careful C) creative D) important76. A) discover B) stop C) care D) control77. A) choices B) money C) efforts D) changes78. A) or B) and C) so D) but79. A) focus on B) give up C) rely on D) find out80. A) ever B) again C) either D) insteadB. Choose the best answer and complete the passage(选择最恰当的选项完成短文)(12分)It happened one spring morning. I woke up and went downstairs. My mum asked me if I wanted some orange juice.“Yes, thanks,” I replied, but my voice had changed! It sounded very deep. I was quite ____75____, and so was the dog! But my mum just smiled and said, “Oh，that’s just your voice breaking.”Breaking? That did not sound good! So at school that day, I asked my biology teacher what。
Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to deal with Whiners（抱怨不停的人）?There are always some people radiating negativity in the work place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always a fool, the canteen food is awful, and they (21) ______ (treat) unfairly.Career experts say such habitual complainers are highly contagious(会蔓延的) , (22) ______ attitude can easily affect an entire team in a company. ―While s ome complaints might be reasonable, (23) ______ are taken from thin air. You need to see between these different types and adopt the right strategy towards each,‖ said Li Ming, HR manager at Wal-Mart (China).It is especially hard to deal with complaints at work (24) ______ you can‘t just walk away or put your colleagues‘ words out of mind. If you do, it will hurt your co-workers and you might be isolated. In a team-based company you belong to a group and need to behave accordingly. But don‘t show too much sympathy. Listening passively to others‘ complaints could damage your image and give others the impression (25) ______ you agree with them. ―Listen to the whiners actively,‖ said HR Li. ―Help them find a solution, or see (26) ______ there are ways to impr ove the situation.‖Zhai Min, 24, a software engineer at Kingdee International Software Group in Shenzhen, found that 3 elderly workers liked to complain about everything, from (27) ______ (extend) working hours to cheap hotels on business trips. ―I let them talk about their opinions,‖ she said, ―They feel better when (28) ______ (tell) someone how they want things to be.‖But listening actively is far from enough. Wang Dianxue, 27, is an Internet engineer at Beijing Push Marcom Group. His co-workers always complain that their computer systems are not working properly. ―I ask about the specifics and work together with them (29) ______ (fix) everything technically.‖ he said.HR managers believe that when staffs complain, it is more a matter of recognition than an actual problem. ―The real problem is that the whiners don‘t feel they are being taken seriously,‖ said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd. ―(30) ______ (give) them advice or perspectives attentively and the problem will usually di sappear.‖Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelersto TravelAfter 15 people died during Easter in 1967, the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign ‗Welcome to the mountains, but be responsible‘. Fjellvettreglene, the ‗mountain code‘(21) ______ encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature, has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture. It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment (22) ______ (assist) yourself and others, seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally, Norway (23) ______ (experience) an 11% increase in tourism in the past decade. From just 1,000 tourists in the whole of 2010, Trolltunga, a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain, (24) ______ (see) 1,800 visitors in one 2017 day alone. Why? Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook. A lot don‘t care about the experience of the hike. They just want proof (25) ______ they did it.But, while good for the economy, this tourism boom has become a threat (26) ______ Norway‘s natural environment.Used toilet paper, (27) ______ (abandon) tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike, Norway‘s leading hiking group, Friluftsliv, also has called for regulations on the number oftourists (28) ______ (hike) to Trolltunga. Lasse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said, ―On a busy day, you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just to get a picture. To control this, we‘d like to regulate (29) ______ _____ people can hike in a day. Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don‘t start too late and find (30) ______ stuck up here.‖Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneur (创业者). She won the 2015Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence, (21) _____recognizes innovative business solutions to social problems— the same recognition given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causingexcitement internationally (22)_______their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype(原型) for a flashlight (23)_______(power ) by the heat of one‘s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, but Makosinski‘ goal was (24)________(offer) a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity.― I‘m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school (25)_________ she couldn‘t afford electricity. She had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration,‖Makosinski explained.―I‘ve always been interested in doing sc ience projects, so I thought, why don‘t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people with light?‖The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when one side (26)______（heat）and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beam of LED light for 20 minutes, (27)______（use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators? ― Start now. There (28)________be nothing holding you back. Some students at colleges or even in high scho ol think ‗ Oh, I‘m a student. I just need to study.‘ (29)________may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot of other things. You can do (30)_______you want. Just go ahead.‖II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Developing Competent TeachingNations that have greatly improved their students‘achievements, such as Finland, Korea, Singapore, and others, attribute much of their success to their focused investments in teacher preparation and development. (21) (Create) a system that can routinely hire and prepare teachers effectively and can support successful teaching is the arena (竞技场) in which the United States (22) (fall) behind the most. Although there are some great teachers in every community, the landscape of the supports for quality teaching looks like Swiss cheese. In some states, the holes are smaller, and in others they are bigger. Nor in no case is there a fully (23) (develop) system of instructional support even remotely comparable to that in high-achieving nations. And of course, as we have seen, the system is the weakest in communities (24) students‘ needs are greatest.Some have argued that the answer to weak teaching in the United States id to eliminate ―barriers‖ to teaching, such as teacher education and certification requirements, allow anyone who wants to teach into the classroom, and fire those who prove not to be effective. Although the interest in teaching effectiveness is important, this approach does not offer strategy (25) (ensure) thatteachers will have opportunities to gain the knowledge and skills they need in order to be effective, or that all schools will have the resources to attract and hire the best teachers. (26) does it protect the students in low-income schools, who will be the victims of unprepared and inexperienced teachers in the years until these teachers have demonstrated their incapability and left the field.A regulation (27) (focus) on easy access and easy firing ignores the question of how to develop widespread teaching skills and ensure a strong supply of highly able teachers for schools.(28) such supply, principals will be unable to hire strong teachers even if they are free to hire whomever they are pleased with, and, evidence shows that schools are likely to fire weak teachers, (29) they feel they won‘t be able to replace them. Even if they do, there is little guarantee that the quality of teaching (30) (improve). although there are good reasons to argue for stringer evaluation practices for removing incapable teachers and for recognizing excellent ones, a theory that the major problems with teaching can be solved by carrots and sticks alone leaves the development of teaching abilities to chance.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21)_______(hide) secrets in themasterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a deadgrasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh‘s Olive Trees, when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spot ted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work‘s lower foreground. ―(23)_______(look) at the painting with the microscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.―We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he‘s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What‘s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25)_______ the insect landed in the paint.‖Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26)_______(far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27)_______(examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect‘s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ it som ehow landed on the artist‘s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30)_______ they can spot the dead insect.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blankHonesty, my mum always used to tell me, is the best policy. But when it comes to medicine, I had assumed it was important to always be honest with my patients. After all, the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential, or so I thought.I had just started working in geriatrics(老年病科). Mr. McMahon（21）in when his body was found very swollen（浮肿的）. I took a medical history （22）his daughter who had accompanied him in the ambulance. She'd been his main career for years. I stood （23）(look) at him as she gave a detailed history. "Has he lost any weight recently?" I asked, "Well, it's funny you should mention that, but yes." She said slowly. There was silence for a few moments. "Why? What are you worried about?" she asked. She was obviously very involved in his care and it was only fair that I told (24) the truth. "Well, we need to prove it's not cancer." I said and talked briefly about some of the tests I was going to order.Half an hour later, a nurse called me: "Mr. McMahon's daughter broke down－she said you told her he had cancer." My heart sank. By the time I arrived at the ward, my consultant was already there, explaining that we still had to run lots of tests and that it was by no means confirmed (25) he had cancer. I stood silently at the end of the bed. My consultant was obviously angry with me and as we left Mr. McMahon, she turned to me. "Why on earth did you do that?" she asked in disbelief. I looked at her and bit my lip. "She asked me what I was worried about and I told her." I said, hanging my head. "And give her more (26) (worry) about?" replied my consultant. "You don't say the word 'cancer' until it's confirmed. (27)you suspect it, think very carefully before you tell people."(28) it turned out, it wasn't cancer. But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their loved one they're sometimes selective in (29) they hear－and as a doctor it's important to be mindful of this. In being truthful, I'd made the situation (30) (bad).II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Different background shouldn‘t mean less education. Fifty years ago, in a primary school classroom, two boys aged 11 took an examination called the 11-plus,(21)______would make decisions about the rest of their lives. Paul passed and went to a ―grammar school‖. Baz failed the examination and went to a ―secondary modern school‖. They did not see each other again for years.Many grammar schools(22)______(establish) hundreds of years ago to teach the Latin language to children who were not from rich families. They encouraged students to study (23)______they were 18 and then to go to university. Secondary modern school students left at 16, usually with fewer qualifications than grammar school students. Baz says the secondary modem school had(24)______(few)resources and the quality of teaching was not as good.Things have changed. In the 1960s and the 1970s ―comprehensive schools‖were created. Today, 90 percent children aged 11 to 16 from the same area to the same school without(25)______(take) any entry examination.The British often disagrees about the best way(26)______(educate) their children. Many people say that comprehensive schools help more children to succeed because they provide everybody(27)______similar opportunities in a fairer way. Another view, though, is that more intelligent children, especially(28)______from poor homes are better supported at grammar schools. Now, the government plans to open new grammar schools(29)______ ______almost two million children will go to the same type of school that Paul attended.And Paul and Baz? Aged 60, they met again and compared (30)______had happened to them. After university, Paul qualified as a teacher. Baz went to work in a factory at 16 and later became an engineer. In fact, Baz had a much higher salary than Paul--so perhaps life is fair after all.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Today, Mandatory(强制的) recycling is a hard sell in the United States, where the economy runs largely along free market lines and the current landfilling waste remains inexpensive and efficient.Plain and simple, recycling still costs more than landfilling in most places. This fact, (21)______(couple) with the disappearance of the so-called ―landfill crisis‖ of the mid-1990s,means that recycling has not caught on, which runs (22)______ some environmentalists‘ wishes.However, many cities have found ways to recycle economically. They have cut costs by automating sorting and processing. They‘ve also found profitable markets for the recyclables(可回收物) (23)______ cast-off items are acceptable or even welcome. Increased efforts by green groups (24)______(educate) the public about the benefits of recycling have also helped.(25)______ ______ ______ uneconomical recycling seems to some people, some cities, such as Pittsburgh, San Diego and Seattle, have made recycling mandatory. In these cities, recyclables are banned from both household and business garbage. Families (26)______ recycle all basic recyclables, such as paper, cardboard, glass and plastic. To businesses with garbage containers ―polluted‖ with more than 10 recyclables，warnings (27)______(issue). If they fail to take action, fines are expected.New York, a national leader on recycling, decided to stop its least cost-effective recycling programs (plastic and glass) in 2002. But rising landfill costs ate up the $39 million savings expected.As a result, the city brought back plastic and glass recycling and committed to a 20-year contract with a recycling firm, Hugo Neu Corporation, which built the (28)______(advanced) recycling facility in the country.The company focuses on (29)______could cut costs. Automation hasstreamlined the sorting process, and easy access to rail has cut both the environmental and transportation costs. The new deal and new facility have made recycling efficient for the city and its residents,(30)______(show) once and for all that responsibly-run recycling programs can actually save money, landfill space and the environment.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Star Giraffe Finally Gives BirthApril, a giraffe who became an Internet star after her pregnancy was broadcast online, has finally given birth, ending months of excitement for her audience.The live broadcast from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, the State of New York, began during the winter. (21) drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after the period (22) _____ _____ April was expected to give birth had gone. Others became frustrated, questioning (23)she was really pregnant.Finally, (24)_____ April was pacing in her pen (畜栏) on April 15, two hooves (蹄) began to appear. After a few hours, a newly-born giraffe was lying on the floor, (25)_____ (look) around confusedly. The calf (幼崽) tried to stand a few times but (26)_____ not. An hour later, it was (27)_____ its feet, walking around carefully. A spokesman for the animal park said the calf was a boy. ―After months of pregnancy, both mom and calf are doing fine,‖ said Jordan, the owner of Animal Adventure Park.People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April (28)_____ (draw) will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years.Fortunately, there are already signs (29)_____ April‘s fame is breathing new life into the area. Dozens of families recently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving, only (30)_____ (find) it closed for the winter. A nearby hotel has booked more than 100 reservations for a package that includes admission to the park when it reopens in May.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Recreational Vehicles (房车): On the RoadRecreational vehicles (RVs) are a typically American invention. Nationally, sales rose to 430,000 units last year, a 40-year high. At the inexpensive end, they sell for as little as $5,000 for a caravan (大篷车); deluxe versions cost up to $1,000,000 and are typically equipped with a bedroom,kitchen and bathroom that are bigger than ones in many European flats. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-manufacturer in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, (21)_ (rise) by 43% and 17%, respectively so far.That is a big change. During the 2008-09 recession, notes Mr. Troiano, the owner of Continental R V, R V dealerships everywhere closed down, leaving his shop among the very few (22)(leave) servingtheNewY orkmetropolitanarea. Mr. Troianoisontrack(23) (sell) more RVs this year than in any other since the early 2000s. The current rebound ( 反弹) ismostly(24) the economy‘s recovery, but it also springs from the fact that new typesof customer are embracing thelifestyle.A decade ago, the average age of an RV-owner was 49, and over 90% were white, says Kevin Broom of the Recreational V ehicle Industry Association (RVIA), which doesn‘t indicate a brightfuture. Another boost comes from sufficient immigrants,(25)are keen toexperiencelong, self-planned road trips in America. Mr. Troiano‘s most recent big sale wasto(26)richAsian family.The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales — last year less than 1% of R Vs produced domestically (27)(ship) to foreign markets —may improve, too. China‘sgovernment, for example, has planned to build 2,000 campgrounds by 2020, up from an estimated 300 today, in a bid to promote domestic tourism, particularly to remote rural regions. Chinese firms such as Y utong Bus make RVs, but not of the quality that many Chinese want. The country imported 1,000 vehicles last year, over half of themAmerican.R V manufacturers are also marketing theconcept(28)their motor homescanbe commercial as well as leisure vehicles.They(29)allow travelling salesmen,businessmento save on food and hotelcosts. (30)you park it, it can be your office, as well as yourhome.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.At first glance, these impressive images look like moment captured by a talented photographer. But you cannot always believe what you see. These pictures, with their incredible photographic details, are in fact the creations (21)_______ (draw) by Scottish hyper-realist Paul Cadden.With often nothing more than a pencil in hand, the 47-year-old artist produces elaborate drawings that could easily (22)______ (mistake) for the work of any modern digital camera. From the wrinkles on a woman‘s face and beads of water, to a breath of smoke from a cigarette, Cadeenis able to capture (23)______ (complicated) features of his subjects in such painstaking detail that the images look astonishingly real.Cadden said he began drawing at a very young age and has always been interested in art. With some experience in animation and graphic design, he moves into hyper-realism (24)______ he has a special gift for capturing details.His creations reflect his love for details, with a single image (25)______ (take) up to six weeks to produce. Working with pencil, graphite and white chalk, Cadden is able to create seven poster-size pieces a year, (26)_____ sell for up to $5,000 each.The artist explained that he does not want people to focus completely on the techniques involved in his pieces. ―I want them to think about the work and (27)_______ I‘m actually drawing,‖ he said, ―Iprefer to study the internal aspect of the subject (28)______ _______ focus solely on the external part.‖Now, Cadden is planning to take his pieces to more foreign countries, and to hold exhibitions in China, Cuba and Brazil. He hopes to get established enough(29)______ (make) a living from his work. ―I want to be doing lots of exhibitions in five years‘ time. To have a successful solo show is a long-cherished dream of mine,‖he said. ―It‘s such a fantastic feeling (30）______ somebody buys your paintings and you know the paintings are sitting somewhere in their houses.‖II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.One of my (21) ________ (memorable) vacations took place on a farm.When I was a boy, my parents and I traveled from New York City to the Pennsylvania countryside for a weeklong taste of rural life. We stayed in a guesthouse on a farm, (22) ________ (join) in the daily routines and eating meals with the farmer and his family. We got up early to seethe cows as they (23) ________ (milk). I even tried my hand at milking one, and then joined the farmer as he released the cows into the field afterward.Decades later I still have vivid memories of that trip and of experiencing a lifestyle so different (24) ________ my own. It made me realize the value of a vacation.To this day, I wonder (25) ________ that farmer ever managed to enjoy a vacation of his own. There is never a day when the animals don‘t need to be fed. But I still think of that family trip when I plan my approach to taking time off with my wife and kids. Vacations are a time for resting and connecting. As a bank manager, I spend much of my workday encouraging my customers to save their money. One of the reasons I give is that we should all have enough for a family vacation every year. In our busy lives, family is what we (26)________ be saving our money and time for.For my family, our vacation starts when we begin planning the trip. We talk about destinations and our budget ahead of time. Among the things we discuss: Can we save money by renting a house instead of spending six nights in a hotel? Would it be better (27) ________ (buy) groceries and cook for ourselves rather than eat out every night?(28) ________ (involve) the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they have a great vacation too. I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim. So I build in some relaxation time for us all (29) ________ ________ the vacation can work for everyone.Each year, setting aside vacation time to spend together is especially important to us. This is the one week a year I don‘t care whether my kids clean their room or do the dishes. (30) ________ matters that week is that everyone is having a great timeSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.。
Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has beencut down by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our31 , by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid 32problems in the future.Making ethical （伦理的）decisions is a(n) 33 part of avoiding future problems. Wemust learn to recognize risks, because if we can’t see the risks we’re taking, we can’t makeresponsible choices. To 34 risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. Forexample, one who does n’t know the rules about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words orideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes mayunintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as 35 . But the fact that such a violation is“unintentional” does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a 36 .Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselvesabout the risks they’re taking by using excuses: “Everyone else does it,” “I’m not hurting anyone,”or “I really need this grade.” Excuses can get very complex: “I know I’m looking at another’sexam, even though I’m supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that’s not37because I’m just checking my answers, not copying.” We must be honest about our actions, and38 excuses. If we fool ourselves into 39 we’re not doing anything wrong, we can’t seethe real choice we’re making--and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel ifyour actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feelproud or 40 of your actions? If you’d rather hide your actions, that’s a good indication thatyou’re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yours elf.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentiallyB. filmedC. droppedD. commonlyE. treatsF. sympathyG. sensitive H. eyebrow I. domesticated J. selection K. confidentPuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the 31 is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was found to be the most 32 used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites 33 a nd affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be 34 that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food 35 did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are 36 to humans’ attention and that expressions are 37 active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.”The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were 38 throughout a range of exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her body turned away from the dog.They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they ____39____expressions facial. Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’expressions have evolved as they were ____40____. “Domestic dogs have a unique history-they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ ability to communicate with us,” she said.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.What is leadership？Its qualities are difficult to define，but they are not so difficult to identify. Leaders don’t force other people to go along with them. They bring them along. Leaders get trust from others by giving it themselves, by building an environment that __31___ creativity, and by operating with honesty and fairness.Good leaders don’t work alone. They recognize that an organization’s strategies for success require the __32___ talents and efforts of members. Leadership is the catalyst(催化剂) for transforming those talents into __33___.Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually looking into the future not stuck in the past. They have a(an)__34___to take responsibility and to innovate. They are not __35___with merely taking care of what has already been there. They want to move forward to create something new.Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as devotion, and speak from experience as well as __36___ of the problems they face and the people they work with.Leaders are __37___ rather than absolute. They believe in unity rather than yielding. And they strive to achieve agreements out of conflict.Leadership is all about getting people __38___ to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leaders make the right things happen when they’re __39___ to.A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have to have in order to receive. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization, for the work they do, and for their abilities, desires and needs, will find that respect is ___40___. And all concerned will be motivated to work together.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Experts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __(31)__ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __(32)__ activities such as money laundering(洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also __(33)__ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and __(34)__.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply __(35)__ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also __(36)__ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a “cashless society”, which caused __(37)__ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong __(38)__ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would comple tely disappear. “As the economy grows, the __(39)__ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy __(40)__ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens，most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.How many times have parents had to ague with their young son or daughter about getting their face out of their phone and focusing on the world around them? It's completely normal for parents of growing children to be concerned about their child's safely, but is their 31 to social media really harming them.Social media was created to connect people with others online and has recently been added to smartphones, making it fat more accessible than it 32 was. This new way to easily be able to use social media has encouraged children and teens to begin to use sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram frequently. Maturing teens and children are usually very timid when it comes to33 with their families, which they sometimes view as "annoying”. So, what do these kids use asa solution or a(n)“ 34 " The answer is simple social media.However, when they use social media for a large amount of time, parents lend to show concern for their child and blame social media for 35 their attention.The word, "social", was entered into the term, social media, for a reason. Parents of growing teens don't seem to understand that. When they see their child using Twitter or Instagram they think that they using it to get away from real world 36 . The truth, however, is that they are using it to conned with their close friends, make new friends, and receive information about what is currently happening in the modem worldChildren and teens are 37 accused for using social media only for entertainment purposes and for huge amounts of time. Sure, everyone who uses social media enjoys contacting their friends and viewing entertaining things, but how come children receive all of the 38 for abusing it? Parents should really think about how social media can help children and teens learn and grow in the real world rather than it just being another 39 .Social media as a whole has both positive and negative aspects, but after all of the 40 from pre-teens, teens, and parents is put together, it shows that media is actually helping the newer generations in their lives.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There’s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is “I need to get rid of this insect, immediately”, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) 31 creature.A tern of scientists from Oxford University in he UK, in 32 with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world’s most 33 insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects’34 in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, 35 wing beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can 36 the view of their wings,” Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a 37 , house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College, the study’s leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings 38 their direction at the end of each half-stroke.” he wrote in the study.Hopefully, the discovery of the mosquito’s special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future. The findings could lead to better aircraft, or even improvement to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be 39 to new developments in morehuman-focused use.“The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their flight behavior, how they carry disease and 40 how to stop them from doing so,” Walker wrote.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.William Shakespeare came from a modest start, but finished life living in a(n) ___31___ house in Stratford-upon-Avon, with a coat of arms and a series of business investments to his name.So was William Shakespeare a businessman, as well as a writer?Researchers have uncovered information from historical documents that point to Shakespeare being a greedy businessman, anxious to grab every penny whose practices caused ___32___in his lifetime.The academics believe that many of Shakespeare’s doubtful business dealings have been ___33___ by people’s romantic view of him as a creative genius who made his money through acting and writing plays. The idea that Shakespeare gave the world such wonderful narratives, language and entertainment makes it uncomfortable to even ___34___ that he was simply motivated by his own thirst for financial interest.Shakespeare was a grain businessman almost for his life time. He bought and stored grain and then sold it on to his neighbors at high prices.In the late 16th and early 17th Century a bad weather gripped England. The cold and rain resulted in poor harvests and ___35___ severe lack of food. Referred to a s the ‘Little Ice Age’, the period was the time when thousands of people ___36___ for survival. At that time, Shakespearewas under investigation for tax evasion(逃避) and later charged with storing grain when food was ___37___.One could argue that he did not do this without a conscience and that perhaps this is demonstrated in the way he portrayed one of his famous character Shylock in his play the Merchant of Venice. Many people claim Shylock personifies Shakespeare’s own self -hatred, who is eventually ___38___ for his greed as a money lender and all that he owns is seized from him. Perhaps with the ___39___ pursuing Shakespeare for his evil dealings during Little Ice Age, Shylock ’s tragic fate was a real fear for Shakespeare.Shakespeare’s ___40___ funeral monument at Holy Trinity Church was a bag of grain which implied that he prided himself on his role as a grain businessman as well as on his writing. It was not until the 18th century that the bag of grain was replaced by a pillow.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Company Builds W orld’s First Automobile Vending Machine (自动贩卖机)Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world’s first and only coin -operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It’s quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their 31 car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level . “Our new Vending Machine is a state -of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers’ cars b y merely32 a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) 33 point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling 34 pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get 35 tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the36 of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It’s a win-win 37 that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead (间接费用), and save customers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great 38 experience – placing an oversized coin in a slot (硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.“Carvana’s 39 is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience, 40 just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Training the Brain to Hear BetterThe din（喧嚣）of a loud restaurant or party can make conversation difficult for anyone －but for the elderly, these settings can make it nearly impossible. The mechanics of hearing31 with age, but the latest research focuses on another part of the problem－the slower 32speed of aging brains, which have to work harder to translate sound into intelligible(可理解的) language.Research shows that musicians are better able to pick out speech from surrounding noise as they age compared to non-musicians．And a new study of auditory training with a 33 _ available brain training program suggests that most people who are hard of hearing can develop the same skills．The scientists showed that people trained for 40 hours over 8 weeks with Posit Science’s “Brain Fitness” were able to pick out 41% more words from background noise compared to those who watched educational DVDs and were quizzed on their 34 after the same amount of time．The authors received no funding from the makers of the program; the study was35 by the National Institutes of Health.The research included 67 older adults between 55 and 70, with an average age of 63．The auditory training came in the form of 36 hearing tasks that primed the participants to hear better by requiring them to identify various speech sounds and 37 between similar sounding syllables (音节), for example, as well as repeating back words and remembering stories．Both those who received the training and those who watched the DVDs were tested on short term memory, brain processing speed and the ability to hear speech in noisy settings．All of the participants showed improvement in these three 38 , but for the first time, the scientists also documented that the sharper hearing was 39 by earlier signaling in the brainstem.As the authors write in their paper, the training not only improved the ability to decode speech in noisy situat ions, but also sped up the brain’s ability to40 to the sound —bringing it to more “youthful’’ levels．Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A large-scale cultural exploration program National Treasure 《国家宝藏》made its first show on CCTV on Sunday night . In the first episode, the Palace Museum in Beijing showcased three treasures.As a ___31___ variety show, the National Treasure aims to showcase the background stories of national treasures and ___32___ various art forms. In the show, "national treasure keepers" acted by famous and common people will present treasures, telling their stories with the collections and interpreting the historical ___33___. The show aims to inspire the ancient Chinese civilization and make the national treasures "come alive".This is not the first time for the Palace Museum in Beijing to be ___34___ welcomed online in China, thanks to its efforts in cultural products and self-promotion in recent years.Last year, the museum ___35___ so much attention because of the huge success of the three-episode TV documentary, Masters in the Forbidden City and a movie with the same name. Over the last few years, the museum has ___36___ 495 signposts and 1,400 new chairs have been provided. In addition, the Palace Museum opened a (an) ___37___ online store on e-commerce platform Taobao, selling related products. It also started their self-promotion through new media, publishing articles to promote the culture of the museum. It ___38___ swept the Internet by its humorous style and interesting content. At the same time, the Palace Museum has published several mobile apps, one of which saw over 200,000 downloads just two weeks after its ___39___ in 2013. Its self-promotion has achieved great results. In 2012, the museum saw 15 million visitors. And it received 16 million visitors last year.The museum is also a popular ___40___ among foreign leaders. For example, US PresidentDonald Trump and his wife visited the Palace Museum on Nov 8.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial 31 helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies. So is the face’s ability to send emotional 32 , whether through a(n) 33 blush or a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility and trust.Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. In America facial recognition is used by churches to 34 worshippers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a(n) 35 outside a football game. In China it verifies the identities of ride-hailing drivers, 36 tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to 37 the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem gradual. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the Internet, obviously transform human abilities; facial recognition seems merely to encode them. Although faces are 38 to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, 39 and analyze images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast 40 promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Scientists have developed a new surgical glue that could transform emergency treatments by sealing up critical wounds in the skin or the organs, without the need for staples or sutures（钉合或缝合）.It’s called MeTro. It was developed by researchers from both Harvard Medical School and the University of Sydney, led by Nasim Annabi, an assistant professor of chemical __ 31 __. The glue is made from a modified（改良的）human protein that responds to UV light, allowing the application and drying of the gel-like substance in just a minute.According to the international team of researchers behind the glue, it could quite literally be a lifesaver, sealing up wounds in 60 seconds without stopping the natural __32__ and relaxing of the organ or the skin it’s applied to. Wounds __33__ with MeTro can heal up in half the time compared with stitches or staples, the researchers claim, and if surgery is required then MeTro can simplify that __34__ too. It's also one of several ways researchers are exploring to engineer our body's own natural substances to help repair it when needed.The __35__ applications are powerful – from treating serious __36__ wounds at emergency sites such as following car accidents and in war zones, as well as improving hospital surgeries.MeTro is simple to apply, can be easily stored, and works closely with natural __37__ to heal a wound. What’s more, it degrades without leaving any kind of poisonous leftovers in the body.For now the trials are __38__ to animal models. But human trials are in the works, and the results to date are incredibly __39__. If the MeTro can be further developed into a __40__ product,it could become an essential part of a first responder’s toolkit.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.How to Stick to Good Habits by Using the “2-Minute Rule”Most of the tasks that you procrastinate on (that is to say, you postpone doing what you should be doing,) aren’t actually difficult to do — you have the talent and skills to _____31____ them- you just avoid starting them for one reason or another. The 2-Minute Rule ____32_____ procrastination and laziness by making it so easy to start taking action that you can’t say no. It might sound like this strategy is too basic for your ____33_____ life goals, but I beg to differ. It works for any goal because of one simple reason: the_____34____of real life.As Sir Isaac Newton taught us a long time ago, objects at rest tend to stay at rest and objects in motion tend to stay in motion. This is just as true for humans as it is for falling apples. Once you start doing something, it，s easier to ___35______ doing it. I love the 2-Minute Rule because it takes up the idea that all sorts of good things happen once you get started.The most important part of any new habit is getting started — not just the first time, but each time. It’s not about performance, it’s about ____36_____ taking action. In many ways, getting started is more important than succeeding. This is ____37_____ true in- the beginning because there will be plenty of time to improve your performance later on. The 2-Minute Rule isn’t about the results you achieve, but rather about the _____38____ of actually doing the work. I can，t guarantee whether or not the 2-Minute Rule will work for you. But, I can guarantee that it will never work if you never try it.The problem with most articles you read, podcasts you listen to, or videos you watch is thatyou ____39_____ the information but never put it into practice. I want this article to be different.I want you to actually use this information, right now. What’s something you can do that will take you less than two minutes? Do it right now. Anyone can ____40_____ the next 120 seconds. Use this time to get one thing done.Go.The discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing (胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors can be switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look ____31____ younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a ____32____ naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals ____33____ splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to rejuvenate, behaving like young cells.The discovery has the ___34_____ to lead to therapies that could help people age better, without experiencing some of the degenerative effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of chronic illness, and as people get older they are more prone to stroke, heart disease and cancer.Professor Harries as saying, “This is a first step in trying to make people l ive___35_____ lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to ____36____ to old cells.”Dr Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the University of Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the ____37____ and rapidity of the changes in the cells.。
2017学年第一学期期末考试九年级英语试卷Part 1 ListeningI. Listening ComprehensionA. Listen and choose the right picture1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______6. ______B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear7. A. Egypt. B. Asia. C. Africa. D. A geography lesson.8. A. Ben’s. B. Billy’s. C. Tom’s. D. Tim’s9. A. Tuesday. B. Wednesday. C. Thursday. D. Friday.10. A. 125 yuan. B. 145 yuan. C. 115 yuan. D. 135 yuan.11. A. Alice. B. Jill. C. William. D. Joe.12. A. In a nearby shop. B. In a fast food restaurant.C. In the woman’s car.D. At a friend’s home.13. A. Monkeys. B. Pandas. C. Cats. D. Elephants.14. A. He didn’t sleep well. B. He went to bed too late.C. He got up too late.D. He had a cold.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false15.People who spend holidays in France can only stay in a tree house.16.Travelers don’t have to pay much to stay in a tree house.17.Living in a tree house takes people back to their childhood.18.To stay in a “star cube”（立方体）is just as comfortable as in a hotel.19.In a “star cube”, people can look at the stars through its roof.20.People like tree houses because they want to become the forest kings.D. Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks21.Ernest Hemingway’s（海明威）________ ________ with nature made him interested inoutdoor adventures（冒险）--hunting and fishing.22.________ ________ from high school in 1917, Hemingway worked as a reporter for anewspaper named the Kansas City Star.23.Hemingway ________ ________ in a battle and was sent to a hospital in Milan.24.Four years later, he wrote A Farewell to Arms（永别了，武器）, a sad love story of an________ ________ and a British nurse.25.In 1952, his last novel, The Old Man and the Sea ________ ________ and it made Hemingwayfamous and gained him the Pulitzer Prize（普利策奖）in 1952 and the Nobel Prize in literature in 1954.Part 2 Phonetics, Grammar and VocabularyII. Choose the best answer26.Mother told Tom to behave himself. Which of the following is correct for the underlined wordin the sentence?A. / bɪ’hev /B. /be’ heɪv /C. / bɪ’heɪv /D. / bɪ’hɪ:v /27.Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation with others?A. Do you know the gentleman in black?B. Tom and Jack are in different regions.C. Mike is asked to go and fetch the box.D. I expect you will win the match.28.There is ________ ‘h’ in the word ‘hour’A. /B. theC. aD. an29.The ________ teacher wondered if the _______ students were in trouble.A. woman…boyB. women…boyC. woman…boysD. women…boys30.Mike is such a kind teacher that he always gives us ________ advice.A. manyB. a number ofC. lots ofD. a few31.I can’t find ________ in the cardboard box. It’s empty.A. somethingB. anythingC. nothingD. some things32.Mobile phones are very popular now and they are ________ than before.A. cheapB. more cheaperC. much cheaperD. the cheapest33.Tom gets up early every day except Saturday or Sunday, because he ________ go to school.A. mustn’tB. needn’tC. shouldn’tD. can’t34.His father ______ from England in three days.A. returnsB. has returnedC. will returnD. returned35.The national flag ________ in our school before morning exercises every day.A. riseB. is raisedC. is risenD. raises36.Mary asked, “Would you mind my ________ the window?”A. openB. to openC. openedD. opening37.We are very delighted ________ you here in Shanghai.A. to meetB. metC. meetD. meeting38.There will be a wonderful lecture tomorrow. Would you like to ______ it?A. joinB. join inC. enter forD. attend39.Fresh water is ______ precious ______ it is sometimes called liquid gold.A. such…thatB. too…toC. as…asD. so…that40. A large group of students are waiting ______ the bus stop for the school bus.A. forB. atC. toD. on41.He didn’t tell us _______.A. if he will give us a lectureB. whether he would go with youC. when would he startD. when he will arrive42.______ bad news it was that there was something harmful in some fishes!A. What aB. How aC. WhatD. How43.How long ______ in China?A. have Mrs. Williams stayedB. did Mrs. Williams stayedC. will Mrs. Williams be stayedD. was Mrs. Williams44.A: Would you please buy some stamps for me on your way to work?B: _______A. No, I have no time.B. Don’t give it up!C. With pleasure.D. My pleasure.45.Which of the following separates England from France? _______.A. The Red SeaB. The MediterraneanC. The Atlantic OceanD. The English ChannelIII. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each one can only be used onceA. withoutB. usefulC. attentionD. followedE. difficultHedy Lamarr was born in 1914. When she was still a teenager, she fell in love with acting. Soon she was discovered by an American director. At the age of 18, she appeared in her first film and began to get tons of __46__. Years later, she became a famous Hollywood actress successfully. She was so popular that her hairstyle was even widely __47__ by the fans. At that time she was honored as “the most beautiful woman in the world”. Many people pay more attention to her beauty than her acting skills. This brought her sadness and pain, so she gave up acting and started a new life. Then she decided to invent something __48__. You must be very surprised. What could an actress invent? But we’d like to say anybody who has used a mobile phone should thank her. Because __49__ her technology of FHSS（跳频扩频）, today we won’t have GPS, Bluetooth, mobile phones or Wi-Fi networks. So she was called “Wireless Goddess”. Now, Hedy is remembered not only as one of the most talented actresses but also a great inventor.A. dateB. takenC. hardlyD. protectionE. actuallyThe big red double-decker bus could certainly be the best-known symbol of London. The idea of the “double-decker” is __50__ much older than the motor bus. The earliest double-deckers were drawn（拖）by horses. There were steps at the back, so that people could climb up to the roof. But in those days, there was no __51__ for the people traveling on top. If it rained, they could pull a sort of oil-cloth cover out from the back of the seat in front of them, and pull it over them. But they still got wet.The most famous London buses are the Routemasters（路霸，伦敦巴士历史上最经典的车型）, which __52__ from the 1950s and 1960s. The bus had an open platform at the back end, so passengers could climb on and off anywhere, even if the bus was moving. Things started to go wrong for the London buses in the late 1960s. Suddenly, bus companies found they could no longer buy any more of their favorite Routemasters, because the country’s Ministry of Transportation（运输部）decided that it would only give financial（财政的）help to bus companies that bought new buses with doors. In 2005, the old Routemasters were finally __53__ out of normal service.Still, it’s not too late to enjoy traveling on one of these historic buses. Some of the old London buses have been preserved, while others are still used to carry tourists, which offer a wonderful way to see Britain’s capital city.IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms54.This is the _______ time that I have read this interesting novel. (three)55.The students enjoyed _______ at the Christmas party last night. (them)56.The _______ time of the train has to be changed because of the heavy rain. (arrive)57.Learning and practicing will surely _________ us to make greater progress. (able)58.The government has been paying more attention to _______ problems. (economy)59.Doctors have tried their best to save the ________ patient. (death)60.The child _______ from home last week and didn’t come back until yesterday. (appear)V. Rewrite the following sentences as required62.Jane cut herself by accident with a knife last night. （改为一般疑问句）_________ Jane ________ herself by accident with a knife last night?63.Peter often goes to school on foot to save some money. （对划线部分提问）________ ________ Peter often go to school on foot?64.We must keep the hand-made chocolate at a low temperature. （改为被动语态）The hand-made chocolate must ________ ________ at a low temperature.65.Helen doesn’t know when she can watch the new movie. （改为简单句）Helen doesn’t know ________ _______ watch the new movie.66.The train has arrived here. It arrived here two hours ago. （合并为一句）The train ________ _______ here for two hours.67.Different from our humans, pigeons never lose their way. （保持句意基本不变）Different from our humans, pigeons never ________ ________.68.biggest, the, world’s, are, killer, floods, natural（连词成句）_____________________________________________________________.Part 3 Reading and Writing (第三部分读与写)VI. Reading Comprehension (阅读理解)A. Choose the best answer (根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案)Hanukkan(光明节), the annual(每年的) Festival of Lights, is celebrated with zeal(热情) by the Jewish people around the world. They celebrate the holiday with the lighting of the menorah(多连灯烛台), traditional foods, games and gifts. Hanukkan is a Jewish festival. It falls on the 25th day of the Jewish month of Kislev(犹太教历), which is usually sometime in December. The festival celebrates the time, over 2,000 years ago, when the Jewish people fought against an emperor who would not let them follow their own traditions and religion(宗教). When the Jewish people won back their temple in Jerusalem(耶路撒冷), they found there was only enough holy(神圣的) oil to keep the sacred light (神圣之灯)burning for one day. However, to their surprise, this small amount of oil kept the light burning for eight days and nights, until the people had time to make more oil.At the center of the Hanukkah celebrations is a candlestick (called a Menorah) that holds nine candles. On the first night of Hanukkah the first candle is lit, and each day this candle is used to light another candle, until on the eighth day, the last day, all the candles are lit. During Hanukkah, people go to the synagogue (犹太教堂) to pray and to remember the miracle (奇迹) of the holy oil. Hanukkah is a time for family and friends to come together. People exchange gifts and greeting cards, and children go to parties. Parents often give their children money at Hanukkah. Potato cakes, called latkes, are a traditional Hanukkah food. Hanukah is a relatively minor holiday in the Jewish year, however, the Hanukkah story tells of Jewish culture surviving in a non-Jewish world.69. For how many days does Hanukkah last?A．7B．10C．9D．870. According to the passage, what is necessary when celebrating Hanukkah nowadays?A. OilB. CandlesC. MoneyD. Cards71. Jewish people fought against the emperor because_________.A. the emperor didn’t let them eat traditional food or wear traditional clothes.B. the emperor didn’t allow them to practice their own tradition and religions.C. the emperor didn’t let them celebrate their own festivals.D. the emperor didn’t allow them to keep the sacred light burning.72. What do the candles on the Menorah remind Jewish people of ?A. The war that they fought 2,000 years ago.B. The God that they honored best.C. The miracle of the holy oil that happened 2,000 years ago.D. The church they built 2,000 year ago.73. During Hanukkah, families and friends usually _______.A. send each other postcardsB. go to parties togetherC. get togetherD. light candles together74. The passage mainly tells us that ________.A .the history of Hanukkah and how it is celebratedB .why Jewish people celebrate HanukkahC .why Jewish people protect their traditionsD .the miracle of the holy oil in the Jewish templeB. Choose the words or expressions to complete the passage(选择最恰当的单词或词语，完成短文)（12 分）“Have you ever been in a fight?” I have frequently asked many adults this question. Often, I have been given the same answer: “Of course, when I was in school.” This common answer seems to suggest that most boys will fight _____75____ during their school years. But as we leave school, we cease(停止) to use our fits to solve problems.It’s possible that when we are young, we lack the negotiation(协商，谈判) skills to manage a ______76_____ without using violence. On top of that (除此之外), when we enter school we are thrown into an environment where we are constantly competing and trying to ___77____ourselves. We care what other people think about and a young man will often try to show a tough guy image(硬汉形象).Once we leave school, we are supposed to be equipped with all ___78____ problem solving skills. We need to be able to deal with an aggressive(挑衅的) situation without hurting others. If an adult starts a fight, it shows a major lack of education. However, there are times when a man needs to be a man. Raising a fist seems socially acceptable, if it’s done to defend yourself or someone who can’t defend themselves. For example, a school yard bully(校园以强凌弱者) gets no respect from his schoolmates. They may fear him but don’t ever mistake that for respect. The person who gains respect is one who stands ___79_____ the bully to protect the weaker guys or girls.Mr. Smith, a former official from local Education Committee said in a talk that boys should know how to fight when necessary. “Boys who do not fight can ___80____ achieve any success in the future,” he said. I think he may have chosen the wrong words. It’s not about fighting ----its’ about courage to stand up for what you believe in. That will make you a true man.75. A. at some point B. in a while C. at that moment D. for the day.76. A. question B. difficulty C. situation D. worry77. A. choose B. prove C. make D. understand78. A. certain B. experienced C. educated D. necessary79. A. by B. against C. on D. towards80. A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. alwaysC. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文的空格中填入适当的词，使内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)（14分）Popcorn(爆玉米花) was first discovered thousands of years ago by the people living in what is now Peru(秘鲁). It is believed that the first use of corn was popping. The English settlers w____81_ came to America in the 16th and 17th centuries, learned about popcorn from the Native Americans. Native Americans brought a bag of popped corn to the first Thanksgiving. A common way to eat popcorn at that time was to hold an o_____82_ ear(穗) on a stick over the fire, then chew the popped corn off it. Natives throughout America also made popcorn soup and popcorn beer.Popcorn was very popular in the United States from the late 19th century through the middle of the 20th century. It was a ___83__ in parks, from street vendors(摊贩), and near the theaters. Street sellers used to follow crowds around, pushing steam-powered popcorn machines(蒸汽爆米花机) through parks and expositions(博览会).During the Depression(美国大萧条时期), popcorn 5 to 10 cents a bag was one of the few luxuries poor families could a ____84___. While other businesses failed, the popcorn business became more and more successful. An American banker, who went broke(破产) when his bank failed, bought a popcorn machine and started a business in a small store near a theater. A___85____ a couple of years, his popcorn business made enough money to buy back three of farms he had lost.During World War II, when sugar was rationed(限量供应), Americans changed their snacking habits----- they are three times as much popcorn as they had before. P____86___ the favorite place to eat popcorn was at the movies. When television took off (开始流行) in the 1950s, popcorn sales dropped for a while.Americans today eat about 15 billion kilograms of popcorn each year. But the United States isn’t just a land of popcorn l_____87_____, it’s also the land of popcorn. Most of the world now gets its popcorn from Nebraska(内布拉斯加州) and Indiana.D. Answer the questions(根据短文内容回答下列问题)The Panama Canal-----Connecting OceansA short canal saves ships thousand of milesThe Panama Canal( 巴拿马运河) is an artificial 51-mile waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The idea for a Panama canal datesback to the discovery of the Isthmus of Panama(巴拿马地峡) by Spanish explorer VascoDe Balboa in 1513. He discovered how narrow it was. Only 80.5 kilometers of landseparated the Atlantic from the Pacific! The Spanish surveyed the area in hopes of building a canal. But the local governor(地方长官) decided it was impossible.Fast-forward to 1869, Ferdinand De Lesseps had completed the 163-km-long Suez Canal(苏伊士运河), a waterway linking Europe and Asia. France asked him to repeat his success at Panama. He agreed to have a try. When digging started in 1881, Ferdinand De Lesseps thought building a canal across Panama would be easy. But he didn’t realize that digging in a jungle(丛林) would be so dangerous. Ferdinand De Lesseps and his team abandoned (放弃) their project after thousands of worker died from diseases caused by mosquitoes(蚊子). American President Theodore Roosevelt quickly took over where the French crew had left off. He bought the canal property(运河的所有权) and sent a team of workers to finish the project. Led by John Stevens, the American team got rid of the mosquitoes. This effort helped the team of nearly 40,000 workers to stay healthy and productive(富有成效的). The team used powerful steam shovels(蒸汽挖土机) to make a path for the canal. But even with the help of such large equipment, the work progressed slowly. Finally, after nearly 10 years of non-stop digging, the canal successfully opened in 1914. The story didn’t make the headlines, though. The public was focused on World War I. Therefore the canal wasn’t dedicated(举行落成典礼) until July 12, 1920. Since the canal first opened, more than 960,000 ships have traveled through it. The Panama Canal has become an important link in global shipping. A journey that used to take moths now take two weeks.88. How wide was the Isthmus of Panama which separated the Atlantic from the Pacific?89. Did the local governor agree to build a canal?90. Who bought the Panama Canal property?91. What did the team use to make a path for the canal?92. How long did it take people to complete the work on Panama Canal?93. Why is the Panama Canal an important link in global shipping?VII. Writing(写作)Write a passage of at least 60 words on the topic “ Are Piggy Banks Good for Children?” (以“储蓄罐对孩子有益吗” 为题写一篇不少于60 个词的短文，标点符号不占格。
普陀区2017-2018--15学年度第一学期初三质量调研英语试卷II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案）（共20分）26.Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?A. May I take your order?B. Monitorswere used in the exam.C. Luckily, I can afford the trip.D.Please wait for me in the corner.【答案】B【解析】此题要求学生掌握考纲要求的单词的拼写与读音。
order / ɔ: /. Monitors / ə /. afford / ɔ: /. corner/ ɔ: /. 所以正确答案是B。
27.Which of the following words matches the sound /pəʊl/?A. poleB. paleC. poorD. pull【答案】A【解析】此题要求学生掌握考纲要求的单词的拼写与读音。
pole /pəʊl/.所以正确答案是A。
28.Are you in ________ favor of using an iPad inclass?A. aB. anC. /D. the【答案】A【解析】in favor of 意为“赞成[支持]（某人或某事物）”，是固定搭配，学生只要记住即可。
29.Our family celebrated Thanksgiving Day _________ November 28th,A. forB. atC. inD. on【答案】D【解析】此题是对时间介词的考查。
表示某一天的时间用介词“on”。
30.Each shop has _________ own way to attract customers.A. hisB. herC. itsD. My【答案】C【解析】此题应用形容词性物主代词，shop是物，所以用its。
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2018学年荔湾区初三英语第一学期期末考试二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题15分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从16~25各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.Mark and his brother Jamie rang their neighbor Mrs. grady's doorbell."Hi， Mrs。
Grady。
"said Mark when she opened the door。
”Would you like us to shovel（铲除)the （16) in your yard？”Shoveling the snow was Jamie's idea， a way to make enough money for a new video game.Mrs. Grady touched her hand to her heart。
“That would be wonderful， boys. The work is too much for me。
"“It will(17） 10 dollars ” Jamie said。
One【2081虹口区】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Migrant workersIn the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some newly independent countries have 41 most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the 42 in the Middle East, where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to 43 outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.In view of the 44 living and working conditions in the Middle East, surprising it is notthat the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a 45 attraction. An allied (联合的) benefit is the low 46 or a complete lack of it. This 47 the amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating (补偿的) advantage. 48 , the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each otherfor safety and comfort. 49 , many migrant workers can save large sum of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater 50 to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do 51 work in their home country.One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are52 ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be 53 since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. In any case, migrant workers accept this 54 , along with others, because of the 55 financial benefits which they receive.41. A. presented B. devoted C. adapted D. restricted42. A. style B. evidence C. case D. hint43. A. call in B. bring up C. turn down D. help out44. A. excellent B. difficult C. fair D. stable45. A. casual B. familiar C. major D. final46. A. consumption B. pressure C. competition D. taxation47. A. occupies B. increases C. blocks D. protects48. A. For example B. In particular C. By comparison D. In other words49. A. Therefore B. Likewise C. Consequently D. However50. A. agreement B. outcome C. prediction D. challenge51. A. skillful B. vivid C. routine D. potential52. A. temporary B. ordinary C. voluntary D. revolutionary53. A. claimed B. criticized C. considered D. expected54. A. sacrifice B. reminder C. disadvantage D. appreciation55. A. limited B. considerable C. reasonable D. potential Keys:41-45 DCABC 46-50 DBABD 51-55 CADCBTwo【20181黄浦区】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Could Buying Paintings Make You Rich?Is investing in paintings a good way to get rich fast? And how should you invest in art?“With extreme41 ” is the advice of Patrick Connolly, a financial adviser. “We don42 our customers to invest in art because the downsides are greater than the upsides. Itdoesn't produce income or earnings. What you 43 is exclusively based on supply anddemand, and there are big movements upwards or downwards if there are changes in the economicenvironment,” he said.To invest in art as a t rue investment, you need a starting fund of at least $5,000. But it’s just about having enough 44 to buy the painting in the first place. Expensive works of art areoften stored in protective boxes complete with detectors to monitor humidity and temperaturelevels, and to protect them from sun damage or other 45 such as a spilled cup of coffee. Andif you do put it on your wall, then your insurance costs are likely to be high. If word gets out thatyou have expensive art hanging on your wall, then you're likely to be a 46 for thieves.Art is also not a regulated investment so when things go wrong – for example, an artworkturns out to be a fraud （赝品）– then investors cannot fall back on 47 for any repayment.Of course given the current environment of low interest rates, that's still a(n) 48return than many savings accounts will give you. As art has no association to the stock market, itmeans paintings can 49 in value even when the market crashes, making it a good option forinvestment 50 .It is reported that after a decrease in the global art market throughout 2016, auction（拍卖）sales 51 in the first six months of 2017. Yet you don't necessarily have to be super-wealthyto invest in art. There are a growing number of art fairs and online marketplaces aimed at buyerswith a more 52 budget. Most art industry experts suggest that you buy a piece of art becauseyou like it, not because you want to get rich. The most 53 approach is probably to buy something you like and can 54 and, be prepared to keep it just for your own pleasure. If it goes up in value that should be just a(n) 55 benefit.41. A. accuracy B. carefulness C. enthusiasm D. generosity42. A. beg B. control C. forbid D. recommend43. A. get back B. look into C. take out D. turn to44. A. desire B. energy C. money D. time45. A. accidents B. appliances C. measures D. drinks46. A. partner B. spectator C. target D. therapy47. A. initiative B. regulation C. strategy D. tradition48. A. better B. earlier C. healthier D. lower49. A. fall apart B. fall down C. go ahead D. go up50. A. funds B. levels C. selections D. rates51. A. ceased B. proceeded C. recovered D. shrank52. A. fixed B. limited C. massive D. modest53. A. creative B. direct C. flexible D. sensible54. A. afford B. preserve C. transfer D. undertake55. A. added B. maximum C. obvious D. socialKeys:41-45 BDACA 46-50 CBADC 51-55 CDDAAThree【20181浦东新区】Ⅲ. Reading comprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers. I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children. Being 41 with the sound of a whistle that I had seen by the way, in the hands of another boy, I handed over all my money for one. I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but 42 all the family. My brothers and sisters and cousins, when I told of the43 I had made, said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth. Theyput me in mind of what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughedat me so much for my folly that I cried with vexation( 烦恼). Thinking about the matter gave me more44 than the whistle gave me pleasure.45 , this was afterwards of use to me, for the impression continued on my mind, sothat often, when I was 46 to buy something I did not need, I said to myself, “Don’t give too much for the whistle, ”and I saved my money. As I grew up, came into the world, and 47 the actions of men, I thought I met with many, very many, who “gave too much for the whistle.”If I knew a miser（守财奴）who 48 every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasureof doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship, 49 gathering and keeping wealth--- “Poor man,” said I, “ you pay too dear for your whistle.” When I met a man of pleasure, who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but _____50 devoted himself to having a good time, perhaps neglecting his health, “ Mistaken man, you are providing51 for yourself, instead of pleasure; you are paying too dear for your whistle.” If I saw someone fond of 52 who has fine clothes, fine houses, fine furniture, fine earrings, all above his 53 , and for which he had run into debt, and ends his career in a prison. “Alas,”said I, “he has paid dear, very dear, for his whistle.”54 , the miseries of mankind are largely due to their puffing a(n) 55 value on things --- to giving “too much for their whistle.”41. A. faced B. charmed C. sympathized D. provided42. A. disturbing B. attracting C. entertaining D. confusing43. A. trouble B. attempt C. choice D. bargain44. A. satisfaction B. relief C. annoyance D. stress45. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Indeed46. A. tempted B. determined C. forced D. persuaded47. A. took B. observed C. admired D. followed48. A. turned against B. gave up C. cared about D. relied on49. A. in case of B. instead of C. for the sake of D. in terms of50. A. merely B. similarly C. strangely D. positively51. A. inconvenience B. burden C. frustration D. pain52. A. appearance B. wealth C. comforts D. necessities53. A. demand B. fortune C. standard D. value54. A. As a result B. By contrast C. On average D. In short55. A. unexpected B. great C. false D. extraKeys:41-45 BADCC 46-50 ABBCA 51-55 DABDCFour【20181长宁区嘉定区】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Study of Point of View and ArgumentEveryday life is an interaction of view. Sometimes these interactions pass by virtually___41___ , like when you find yourself forced to by the newest cell phone but suddenlystop and ask yourself, “Do I even need this t hing?”and then realize that the latest ad campaign has ____42____you of something without you really knowing it. Sometimes these interactions with others are obvious and deeply felt, like when an emotional argument____43____over whyyour father won’t quitsmoking even though his health is____44____ ---you only see your desire for him to be OK, he only sees his independence. then there are those times when those sorts of____45____ feel delighted---like when you voice your opinion, as you do every year at the thanksgiving table, about some political issues, and finally---after years of trying---see the ____46____of “hmm, you may be right’ on your uncle’s face.Advertising, media, novels and even the people you love often aim to____47____your opinion. We see the usual practice of close reading not just as a method of doing the academic work of looking closely at text evidence, word and structure, but as an opportunity to bring those practices together, to____48___our students to see the subtle messages in texts and in their lives o help them be strong and ____49___consumers of ideas and reflective, caring members of society.One large, multi-year study suggested that many students graduated without being able to distinguish____50____ from the influence of carefully designed opinions and public relations. We believe educators can help ____51____ this. we want our students to be able to recognize the points of view and arguments in texts and in life----to see when they are happening and to ____52____engage them. We want our students to listen to those points of view and argument with an open mind ---to truly listen to what other people believe and respectfully ____53____or question what they are saying. we also want our students to live with the confidence of ____54____themselves to make sound____55____, to make sense of the world, and to take risks. reading closely In this way can give our students a healthy skepticism（质疑态度）while alsohelping them to have a more open mind.41. A. unbelievable B. unnoticed C. mistaken D. available42. A. convinced B. informed C. reminded D. expected43. A. takes up B. takes in C. works out D. breaks out44. A. recovering B. improving C. failing D. rejecting45. A. interactions B. functions C. messages D. issues46. A. phrase B. expectation C. reflection D. look47. A. accept B. influence C. misunderstand D. reject48. A. engage B. understand C. enable D. recognize49. A. affordable B. capable C. agreeable D. noticeable50. A. facts B. conclusions C. conflicts D. arguments51. A. mistake B. question C. change D. discover52. A. flexibly B. powerfully C. respectfully D. actively53. A. look out B. take in C. carry out D. give away54. A. exposing B. engaging C. trusting D. adapting55. A. improvements B. appointments C. decisions D. judgmentsKeys:41-45 BADCA 46-50 DBCBA 51-55 CDBCDFive【20181徐汇区】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new studyclaims. Students in the study became __(41)__ even when shown the logo of burger chainMcDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not __(42)__ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal(潜意识的)effect on __(43)__, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They__(44)__ goal of saving time embedded in fast foodconclude: “Our experiments suggest that themay have the unexpected consequence of caus ing hurriedness and impatience.”__(46)__, we Thinking about fast food increases __(45)__ for time-saving products. “Morefound that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate __(47)__ over greater future return, finally harming their economicinterest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s,Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what theywere but the subliminal effect was __(48)__. Their reading speed was measured before and afterseeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-savingproducts like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than __(49)__ versions after seeing the logos.When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount inchose __(50)__ reward after being exposed to the brands.a week’s time, they againResearcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organiz ational behaviour at Canada’sToronto Univer sity, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate__(51)__.” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food__(52)__ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “__(53)__, walking faster istime-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’sa sign of impatience when one istaking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is __(54)__ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling(狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no __(55)__ at all.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D. marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harmKeys:41-45 CADBA 46-50 BADAD 50-55 CCCACSix【20181闵行区】Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Your boss tells you that you did a bad job. Your coworker criticizes you in front of yourwhole team. Ouch! It's not easy to take criticism, no matter who it comes from. But, it is easy to_41 _ the blow when you offer criticism to someone in English. Merely by altering yourwording and your attitude, you can help someone grow instead of making them feel 42 .Phrases like "You’re wrong! ” a nd “Your presentation was terrible!" have no place ineffective 43 . In fact, it's best to leave the word "you" out, if at all possible. 44 attacksmake people feel defective, and then they won't really listen to anything you have to say.Before starting with the criticism, warm the person up with 45 .If you are discussingtheir work, find several things you truly like about what they have done. For example, "I enjoyedyour presentation today. You presented a lot of good and helpful information in it, and I can tellyou put a lot of effort into it. I appreciate your hard work." This will lower their 46 andmake them feel appreciated.However, a short 47 compliments followed by "but" such as “It was a helpful talk, but you really need to improve your presentation skills" won't do much to help the process. Afteryou’ve shared your compliments, allow them time to be 48 . As a matter of fact, 49w ill destroy all you've tried to accomplish by makingfollowing your compliment with a “,but” your 50 seem false and insincere.Remember that the goal of constructive criticism isn’t to make the person feel terrible: it's tohelp them grow. Instead of directly 51 the person, try to get the message through to themin the form of light-hearted advice. Phrases like. "Next time you might want to…” or “I find ithelpful to " can 52 the blame while still leaving an impact: "Next time you might want togive a little more attention to the audience. I find it helpful to look people in the eyes while I amspeaking"53 . As you mightPeople can't change overnight, especially if they don’t get detailedhave known, 54 saying “you need to work on your presentation skills “won’t help a soul!Be detailed in your advice! Show moderation when you criticize anyone and keep in your mindthat over-criticism can easily 55 people. Remember, you want them to keep trying and improving. Don't leave them feeling defeated'41. A. suffer B. accept C. soft D. ignore42. A defeated B encouraged C. motivated D. disturbed43. A. discussion B. argument C. explanation D. criticism44. A. Immediate B. Personal C. Accurate D. Continuous45. A. interactions B. impressions C. personalities D. compliments46. A. defense B spirit C. moral D. position47. A. decisive B. serious C. vague D. concrete48. A. corrected B. challenged C. debated D. absorbed49. A. carefully B. reluctantly C. immediately D. occasionally50. A. praise B. attitude C. assistance D. achievement51. A. helping B. accusing C. praising D. dismissing52. A. make up B. focus on C. lead to D. take away53. A. command B. comment C. instruction D. information54. A. sincerely B. simply C. politely D. unwillingly55. A. overload B promote C. inspire D simulate\Keys:41-45 . C ADBD 46-50 . ACDCA 51-55. BDCBASeven【20181奉贤区】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or; phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Artists have long claimed alcohol and other drugs as inspiration for their creativity. But isthere really a(n) 41 between intoxication（醉酒）and inspiration? A recent study published in Consciousness and Cognition explored the effects of moderate drunkenness on people’s creativity. The authors suggest that alcohol’s well-known effect in 42 executive function may be helpful for these types of creation problems.” Sometimes a reduced ability to 43 one’s attention can have positive implications for select cognitive tasks.” they write.The findings raise the question of whether drugs that 44 attention and focus, in particular, stimulants（兴奋剂）, would have the opposite effect on creative thinking 45 , very little research has been done on the issue, and what results exist so far have been mixed. The outcomes may well vary according to individual 46 to the drugs. 47 , some research has found that while stimulants can 48 test performance for those who are less intelligent, for the smartest folks, the drugs can have the opposite effect.If less executive function is linked to more creativity, this may also explain why artists, writers and musicians appear to be more 49 to have an addiction. Perhaps creative people are more likely than others to be 50 to drugs in the first place, as a possible source of inspiration. And then, if reduced executive function is 51 in part for their initial talent, this, too, could make them more easily influenced by 52 once they start using. Having less executive control before you even take drugs means you’ll have less ability to stop once you start.Whatever the real relationship between drunkenness, addiction and art, the authors 53 that their study findings don’t give people 54 to get drunk to “inspire the muse（冥想）” Co-author Jennifer Wiley, associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago, told the British Psychological Society’s Research Digest.”We tested what happens when people are slightly drunk-not when people drank to 55 . There could be no argument from these findings that drinking excessively would have the same effects.”A glass of wine or two, however, may occasionally help.41. A.attraction B.reservation C.connection D.decoration42. A.strengthening B.damaging C.maintaining D.assessing43. A.block B.reduce C.disturb D.control44. A.remain B.drop C.shift D.increase45. A.However B.Moreover C.Instead D.Therefore46. A.additions B.responses C.oppositions D.contrasts47. A.For example B.On the contrary C.As a result D.On the other hand48. A.conceal B.executive C.improve D.delete49. A.vital B.likely C.ideal D.difficult50. A.attracted B.contributed C.responded D.with drawn51. A.responsible B.illegal C.natural D.impossible52. A.confusion B.ambition C.addiction D.exhaustion53. A.lower B.monitor C.function D.caution54. A.sacrifice B.privacy C.appreciation D.license55. A.priorities B.extremes C.bottom D.Affection Keys:41-45 CBADA 46-50 BACBA 51-55 ACDDBEight【20181静安区】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The sights, sounds, and smells of the modern marketplace are rarely accidental. More likely,to they are tools of an evolving strategy of psychological marketing called “sensory marketing” create an emotional association to a(n) ___41___ product or brand.sensory By relating to people in a far more ___42___w ay through everyone’s own senses, marketing is able to affect people in a way that traditional mass marketing cannot.Traditional marketing believes that consumers will systematically consider___43___ product factors like price, features, and utility. Sensory marketing, by contrast, seeks to resort to the consumer's life experiences and feelings. Sensory marketing believes that people, as consumers,will act according to their emotional urge more than to their ___44___ reasoning. In this way, an effective sensory marketing effort can result in consumers choosing to buy a lovely but expensive product, rather than a plain but cheap ___45___.In the past, communications with customers were mainly monologues —companies just consumers. T hen they evolved into dialogues, with customers providing ___46___. ‘talked at’ Now they’rebecoming multidimensional conversations, with products finding their own voices and consumers responding ___47___ to them.Based on the implied messages received through five senses, consumers, without noticing it,tend to apply human-like personalities to brands, leading to intimate relationship and, hopefullyfor the brands, persistent ___48___. And that’s the very thing brands are dying to foster in customers rather than instant trend or profits. Most brands are considered to have either "sincere" or "exciting" personalities."Sincere" brands like IBM and Boeing tend to be regarded as conservative and reliable while "exciting" brands like Apple, and Ferrari are as imaginative and ___49___. In general, consumers tend to form ___50___ relationships with sincere brands than with exciting ones. This explains the relatively enduring history of the “Sincere Brands”Certainly, with the eyes containing two-thirds of all the ___51___cells in a person's body, sight is considered the most important of all human senses. Sensory marketing uses sight to createa memorable "sight experience" of the product for consumers which extends to packaging, storeinteriors, and printed advertising to form a(n) ___52___ image for the brand.In other words, no aspect of a product design is left to ___53___ anymore, especially color. Brand acceptance is linked closely with the appropriateness of the colors on the brand—does the color ___54___ the product at all? If not, customers, though not realizing it themselves, will ___55___ the brands in all possible ways--sales, reputation, etc. Therefore, brands, isn’t it time now to study the new field of marketing?41. A. specific B. qualified C. average D. adequate42. A. economic B. personal C. artificial D. mechanic43. A. obvious B. potential C. accessible D. concrete44. A. imaginable B. objective C. psychological D. gradual45. A. alternative B. reward C. sample D. exhibit46. A. compliment B. fund C. prospect D. feedback47. A. temporarily B. subconsciously C. occasionally D. attentively48. A. loyalty B. philosophy C. endurance D. regulation49. A. mild B. daring C. steady D. classic50. A. far-fetched B. hard-won C. long-lasting D. easy-going51. A. individual B. sensory C. present D. general52. A. overall B. ambitious C. dramatic D. additional53. A. chance B. maintenance C. progress D. leadership54. A. accept B. overlook C. fit D. treat55. A. shape B. punish C. signify D. exploitKeys:41-45 ABDBA 46-50 DBABC 51-55 BAACBNine【20181崇明区】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Stay out of the Sun to Look YoungForget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of lookingyoung is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those whoavoided the sun’s rays looked up to 20 years younger than they actually are.However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion (肤色), from drinking lots of waterto sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to 41 the hands of time. Only keeping out ofthe sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn’t possible, made a 42 , the Americanannual conference will hear today.The interesting 43 comes Academy of Dermatology’sfrom a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether theywere sun-lovers. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US –commissioned by skincare firm Olay – guessed how old the women were, they found those who44 in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. A lucky four had so few wrinkles and 45 spots, and such a fresh complexion, that they appeared to be a full two decades younger than theyreally were.Researcher Dr Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology (皮肤医学), said the 46 advice that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth (谬见), and the body is ‘pretty good’ at judging how much we need.Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reached a 47 conclusion. Expertsthere said: ‘Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the-looking appearance of skin.’It isn’t clear why the women who 48 well didn’t have youngerskin. But it may be that the question they were asked was too 49 and didn’t take into account their long-term sleep patterns.A second study, also by Olay, suggested that low-level day to day exposure to the sun ismore ageing than 50 , intense exposure. Finally, DNA examination of tiny samples of the women’s skin helped understand the 51 done by the sun. A gene called CDKN2A was moreactive in facial skin that is exposed to the elements than in samples taken from the bottoms. This。
B.Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）（共12分）I just returned from a trip to New Jersey. On the way back, I was stopped by a traffic accident. This accident involved a truck carrying a lot of dangerous materials that were leaking out（外漏）. This meant that we weren’t going anywhere for several hours.After being told by the policeman that we would be sitting there until the cleanup was completed. I got out of the truck to have a rest. Other truck drivers did the same. At one point there were five of us standing by my truck, _____75____.Another truck with two elderly people inside stopped near us. The man, Joe, let the _____76___ down and asked why no one was moving.Soon we were all talking with this couple. I said that if I had known about this, I would have bought something to drink, for I was becoming _____77____.The lady, Anna, said that they had plenty of water in the cooler in their truck and offered everyone something to drink. While she was back there, she said that she also had plenty of food and she could make sandwiches for us. While Anna was making the sandwiches, she was singing like a songbird. Being close to70, I guessed, she had a remarkable voice.When she finished making the sandwiches, I saw a Mississippi license（执照）plate on the truck. I asked what part of Mississippi they were from. Joe said Biloxi. Knowing that Biloxi had been _____78_____ by Humcane Katrina（卡特里娜飓风）, I asked him about the disaster. Joe said that they had lost almost everything. Everything they had was in the truck.All of us drivers tried unsuccessfully to pay them for their drinks and sandwiches. Joe said that their son was living around Harrisonburg, Virginia and they were going there. There was a home for sale and they were going to start all over there. Starting over _____79_____, we know, would not be easy.These people lost everything except the pictures and some clothes. These wonderful people lost practically everything they owned and still would not accept any money for their food and drinks. Joe said that it was better to give than to _____80_____.75. A. complaining B. explaining C. describing D. proving76. A. door B. button C. window D. hand77. A. tired B. thirsty C. hungry D. sleepy78. A. caused B. recycled C. covered D. damaged79. A. in their truck B. at their age C. with their son D. for their home80. A. forgive B. forget C. receive D. refuseB.Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）（共12分）Harry Smith is a police officer in the town where he grew up. His town is called Bergen.Harry has loved living in Bergen since he was a boy. He has never thought of leaving. When it was time for young Harry to ____75____ what job he wanted as an adult, there was never a doubt in his mind. Harry had a desire to help people in his community, and he felt that there was no ____76____ way to meet his desire than to become a police officer.When Harry is working on duty, he walks around a certain neighborhood. Part of his job is certainly watching out for people trying to cause trouble. ____77____, Harry also says that he thinks he has a much bigger, more important job too. “When I am out in the neighborhood, I have to get to know people and get to be known by them,” he says. “People of Bergen should ____78____ me, and I have to show them that they can.” Harry believes that he needs everyone’s support to do his job well. He says, “We’re all really working together to make sure the area is safe.”Harry has to catch a bad guy every now and again, though. When he feels there is “probable cause” for him to catch someone in a certain situation, he will take ____79____. Probable cause means that, as a police officer, he feels there is a good reason to believe a person has done something bad. In other words, Harry cannot ____80____ catch anyone he wants. He will have to explain to someone why he did so.75. A. wake up B. find out C. pick up D. look for76. A. better B. easier C. harder D. happier77. A. Instead B. Honestly C. However D. Luckily78. A. forget B. respect C. remember D. trust79. A. time B. place C. action D. care80. A. certainly B. simply C. hardly D. likelyB. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）（12分）Do you feel cool and calm? If your answer is no, you’re not alone. In today’s society, manypeople find it difficult to slow down. Fast-paced lifestyles make it hard for many to really relax.The good news is you needn’t ____75____ to a nice place for relaxation. You can experiencethese in the middle of a stress-filled life.Better thinkingThe ability of relaxation depends more on your thinking than your situation. The next timewhen you suffer from worry, think about the situation. What is the problem? What is the cause?Most importantly, what can you do about it? Then, make an“action plan”or a“to-do list”to helpyou feel less worried. ____76____, if the situation is not in your hands, you should let it go. Takea walk, exercise and talk to a friend to get your mind off the problem.A habit of relaxingEven the busiest people arrange short periods of relaxation into their timetable. They do sobecause they know it’s ____77____. The time you spend relaxing is an important period. A10-minute break in the middle of a long workday can increase your productivity（生产力）. Youcan find a(n) ____78____, such as exercise, a hot bath or favourite TV show, to make you come tolife. A few restful hours of doing something you really enjoy may help you to face a busy week.Restful sleepUnfortunately, not being able to relax causes some people to lose their most important rest:sleep. If that’s you, write everything on your mind in your diary bef ore going to bed. Write downboth problems and possible ____79____. This can help you release thoughts that might preventyou from getting needed sleep.Finally, ____80____ your disadvantages. You can’t do everything perfectly, but you can getthe rest and relaxation you need to do many things better.75. A. capture B. escape C. discover D. manage76. A. So B. However C. Above all D. As a result77. A. necessary B. dramatic C. common D. traditional78. A. place B. location C. activity D. event79. A. ideas B. exercises C. suggestions D. solutions80. A. deny B. explain C. recognize D. catchB. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）（12分）The first day of university our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to knowsomeone we didn’t already know. I stood up to look around when a ____75____ hand touched myshoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled（有皱纹的）, little old lady with a smile. She____76____ a minute and said, “Hi, handsome. My name is Rose. I’m eighty-seven years old. CanI give you a hug?” I laughed and responded, “Of course you may!” and she gave me a big one.We became immediate friends. Every day for the next three months, we would leave classtogether and talk nonstop. I always loved listening to this ‘time machine’ ____77____ she sharedher wisdom and experience with me. Over the course of this year Rose became a campus rolemodel and she ____78____ made friends wherever she went. She loved to dress up and she lovedthe attention from the other students.At the end of the term we invited Rose to speak at our football club. I’ll never forget what shetaught us. She was introduced and stepped up to the platform. As she began to deliver he preparedspeech, she dropped her cards on the floor. A little upset she simply said, “I’m sorry I’m sonervous. I ____79____ beer for Lent（大裔节）and this wine is killing me! I’ll never get my speechback in order …” As we laughed, she cleared her throat and began, “We do not stop playingbecause we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There is a huge ____80____ betweengrowing older and growing up. Anybody can grow older, but it does take talents and abilities togrow up…”One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep. However, these words havebeen passed along in loving memory of ROSE.75. A. gentle B. cold C. hard D. awful76. A. left B. returned C. hesitated D. refused77. A. until B. but C. though D. as78. A. rarely B. easily C. suddenly D. carefully79. A. gave up B. put up C. took up D. turned up80. A. chain B. result C. deal D. differenceB. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage.(选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)：（12 分）Around 80 examples of failed products, business and ideas are showed in the newly opened museum in Sweden. It is to celebrate modern history’s _____75____ designs ---from Coca-Cola Blak, a coffee-inspired drink, to Bic pens made just for women.Besides showing long-forgotten failure, founder Dr. Samuel West is on a task to help us learn from our mistakes. Samuel set up the museum after growing ___76______ success stories. He said understanding bad design could be more valuable than _____77_____ good design.“Most of all creative projects fail, and learning is the only way to turn failure into success.” according to the museum’s website. “I hope that visitors take home two _____78_____: that failure is connected with success, and that they should understand the importance of learning from failure,” said Dr. West.“The purpose of the museum is to show that creativity requires failure,” Dr. West said as he introduced some of the products in a vide o. “If you are afraid of failure, then you can’t create.” So the organizations will not ignore(无视) them and pretend they ____79____ happened.Many of the museum’s items were available online. West believed that ____80_____ products have little in common with one another. One of the items, for example, is a frozen beef lasagna(意式千层面) made by Colgate(Yes, the company that makes toothpaste). West described this as a classical case of “brand extension failure.”A collection of nine objects from the museum is our tour. The traveling collection of failures will then visit Los Angeles, New York, Shanghai and Tokyo in 2018 and 2019.History may be written by the winners, but we should not ignore the losers. At least, that’s what the Museum of Failure wants us to believe.75. A. best B. cheapest C. worst D. easiest76. A. satisfied with B. tired of C. keen on D. surprised at77.A. copying B. printing C. imaging D. making78. A. stories B .bargains C. tools D. messages79. A. always B. never C. sometimes D. usually80. A. poorly-designed B. well-designedC. carefully-designedD. newly-designedB. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）（12分）The Museum of FailureHistory may be written by the winners, but we should not ignore the losers. At least, that’swhat the Museum of Failure wants us to believe.Displaying around 80 examples of failed products, businesses and ideas, the newly openedmuseum in Helsingborg, Sweden, celebrates modern history’s ____75____ designs. But as well asexhibiting long-forgotten failures, founder Dr. Samuel West is on a task to help us learn from ourmistakes.“I hope that visitors take home two messages: that success is always ____76_____ failure, andthat they should understand the importance of learning from failure,” said Dr. West. Most of allinnovation（创新）projects fail, and learning is the only way to turn failure into success, accordingto the museum’s website.“The purpose of the museum is to show that innovation ____77____ failure,” Dr. West said ashe introduced some of the exhibits in a video. “If you are afraid of failure, then you can’t innovate.”His purpose of starting the museum was to encourage organizations to be better at learning fromfailures instead of ignoring them and pretending they ____78____ happened.Based on Leo Tolstoy’s“Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in itsown way,”Dr West has created a similar ____79____ for his museum: “All successfulinnovations are alike; all failed innovations fail in their own interesting and spectacular（惊人的）way.”The museum’s items make Dr West more deeply believe that poorly-designed products havelittle in common with one another. One of the items, ____80____, is a frozen beef lasagne（意式千层面）made by Colgate, a company that makes toothpaste. He described this as a classic case of “brand extension（品牌扩展）failure.”A collection of nine objects from the museum is on tour, stopping in Miami, Berlin and Amsterdam and then will visit Los Angeles, New York, Shanghai and Tokyo in 2018 and 2019.75. A. latest B. worst C. different D. simple76. A. connected with B. pleased with C. known as D. ready for77. A. develops B. refuses C. discovers D. requires78. A. really B. always C. never D. actually79. A. saying B. situation C. chance D. problem80. A. as a result B. in addition C. for example D. in a wordB.Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文)（12 分）How do you get on with your teachers? Every day, we spend hours with our teachers at school. We learn from them and they teach us to be good people. The relationship between students and teachers is very important.Teachers care about our studies and lives, and it seems they know everything about the ____75____ they teach. They also have the right to decide ____76____ should be the class leader or represent the class to take part in the activities.So many students want to be the teachers* pets. We show teachers great respect. In class, we obey the rules and keep quiet if the teacher doesn't ask us to speak. We_____ 77_____ have opinion s. different from our teachers’. When they make a mistake, we are afraid to point it out. Some of us don't want to contact teachers after class because we don't want to bother them.At American schools, the situation is a little different. Teachers and students are more like friends. Calling a teacher by his or her name is common. In class, students ____78_____ their opinions freely and challenge teachers when they don’t agree. If it _____79_____ that a teacher made a mistake, the teacher will say “ _____80_____”in front of the whole class. Students and teachers also communicate through email, Facebook or Twitter after class. They chat about studies and life experiences. Teachers are like our parents and our friends. So we should respect ourteachers.75. A. studies B. subjects C.stories D.suggestions76. A. what B. which C.)who D.how77. A. often B. sometimes C. almost D.hardly78. A. express B. explain C. expect D.excuse79. A. takes out B.turns out C. comes out D.puts out80. A. OK B. thanks C. sorry D.yesB. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）（12分）The traditional baths of Turkey（土耳其）Hamams, or bath houses, are a traditional part of Turkish culture. They represent an importantpiece of Turkey’s long history and serve as a window into the past. However, these bath housesare quickly _____75_____ because of the changing habits of the Turkish people.Hamams hold a strong place in the history of Turkey and many data back hundreds of years.Traditionally, all kinds of people went to hamams because Islam has strict laws for cleanliness.Believers must wash themselves _____76_____, especially before their daily prayers（祷告）. Asmost people in Turkey didn’t have running water in their homes, the Hamam was the perfect placeto get clean, relax, and catch up with friends.Today, however, the tradition of going to the hamam is dying out for many young people.Now almost everyone has running water in their bathrooms, so they prefer to bathe at home._____77_____, Turkish people are not going to hamams as often as they used to. These days,instead of relying on locals, many hamams are trying to attract foreign tourists.A typical _____78_____ at a hamam can last well over an hour. Visitors will be welcomedinto entrance hall. There they will be able to relax with friends and chat over a cup of tea. Theywill also be able to change into the Turkish towel, which wraps around the waist like a skirt. Whenready, visitors will head into the hot room. There they will lie on the hot floor and be scrubbedclean and massaged by one of the in-house masseurs or masseuses. Men and women always batheseparately（分开地），but their experiences are very _____79_____.Although many hamams are in danger of closing, they will always remain a part of Turkish culture. An experience in one of Istanbul’s famous bath house s should not be _____80_____ on any visit to Turkey. It will certainly leave you refreshed, relaxed, and squeaky clean for your next adventure.75. A. developing B. disappearing C. setting up D. falling down76. A. together B. again C. regularly D. immediately77. A. In brief B. What’s more C. For the time being D. As a result78. A. process B. program C. caseD. conclusion79. A. familiar B. similar C. dramaticD. essential80. A. missed B. gained C. sharedD. describedNine【2018届上海市崇明区初三英语一模试题】B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）（12分）This is a story about a mountaineer named Phillip. Phillip was a member of a mountaineering team that planned to climb a mountain. He had a keen desire to be successful and well-known. Therefore, in order to enjoy the _____75_____ of being the first to reach the mountaintop, Phillip went to climb the mountain alone one night while the other mountaineers were sleeping.Obviously, climbing at night wasn’t a smart decision. But he still wanted to give it a try. After several hours’ climbing, he _____76_____ got to the top. How delighted he was to see the top a few meters forward! But he suddenly slipped and started to fall. At that moment, his entire life flashed before him.While thinking about how close he was to death and how _____77_____ he was, he felt the rope around his waist suddenly frighten around him. His body was hanging in mid-air.He shouted,“Somebody help me!”Suddenly, a low voice came from the valley（山谷），“Cut the rope!”“What?”He couldn’t believe what he heard.“Cut the rope around your waist!”It was dark all around, so he couldn’t see his surroundings. He _____78_____ to cut the rope but to hold onto it as tightly（紧紧地）as he could.The next morning, when his fellow mountaineers found him, he had died of exposure to the low temperature, holding tight to the rope in his hands. But he was only ten feet _____79_____ a big rock!If he had cut the rope, he might have landed in a safe place, build a fire and _____80_____ someone who passes by. Then he might have been saved. So sometimes giving up is the way forward.75. A. view B. freedom C. honour D. luck76. A. successfully B. quickly C. safely D. nearly77. A. comfortable B. excited C. surprised D. frightened78. A. chose B. planned C. refused D. decided79. A. above B. behind C. below D. along80. A. worry about B. wait for C. agree with D. learn fromB.Choose the best answer and complete the passage(选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）（共12分）In today’s English class, students had a speech competition.They talked about whether e-books should take the place of print books.The following are the speeches given by two students.Joshua Lee:While many people argue that e-books don’t feel the same as“real”books we should consider that the printing industry does a lot of harm to our_____75_____. Producing books means cutting down millions of trees for paper, and the processes of printing requires a great deal of energy. E-books need no papers at all.They will probably _____76_____ our use of energy and natural resources._____77_____,e-books allow people to get information more easily.E-books can be stored and selected form huge digital libraries. These libraries can hold many more books than atraditional bookstore or library can. People can quickly find and read their books on an e-reader at any time and in any place.Joy Pamnani:I strongly believe that print books must __78__ . In my opinion,e-books have many disadvantages, E-books aren’t as environmentally friendly as you think. A common argument used by e-book supporters is that e-books save paper.But isn’t it also true that there’s more carbon being let out by the electronic devices(设备）?Since you have to spend extra money on those devices before you can buy and read e-books, they aren’t ____ 79_____ at all. Besides, you can’t easily write notes on an e-reader, and you can’t read anything when they run out of battery.E-books are unhealthy too. The light given off by these devices can lead to ____80____ problem. A study showed it took e-book readers an average of ten minutes longer to fall asleep than those who read print books.75. A.tradition B.environment C .health D.culture76. A.reduce B.protect C .describe D.limit77. A.As a result B.By the way C .On one hand D.What’s more78. A.change B.help C .stay D.return79. A.cheap eful C .interesting D.different80. A.reading B.memory C .sleep D.eatingB. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)I went with some friends from my office for a dinner in a very popular local restaurant. It was regular business time and the restaurant was crowded. We ____75______ found a table in a comer for three after waiting for an hour.As soon as we sat down, we heard a loud noise when a young waiter hit the floor with all the plates he was carrying. There was _____76_______and no one was saying or doing anything.In a flash, I remembered my experience many years ago, Once, I fell down on the ground inthe airport because I had rushed to the airport on my own on an empty stomach. I was picked up and looked after by two _____77_____ This was my chance to pay it forward.I ran to the young man's side. I turned him on his back and shouted for someone to bring a hot drink Soon people started asking if I was a doctor I said I was not, but I was skillful at blacking out(晕厥)。
