2020年高考英语语法新题型专题
(名师精选试题，建议下载练习)
一、考点分析
1篇文章，共10个分点。
具体考查形式及考点分布见以下表格：
注意：在掌握以上考点的同时也不能忽视对一些基本常用句型的考查，如：not…until…；not only…but (also)…；so…that…；not…but…；as…as…；either…or…；more…than…；neither…nor…；such…that…；hardly…when…；no sooner…than…等。
能力要求：
1．阅读/理解语篇的能力 2．分析句子结构的能力
3．熟练运用语法的能力 4．单词拼写能力
解题步骤：
1.通读全文，了解大意
既然是利用语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前就应快速浏览短文，了解全文大意。
2.分析语境，试填空格
读懂短文后，要结合短文所提供的特定语境及解题思路去填空。
3.对照考点，解决难题
在解题过程中要先易后难。
在做好有把握的题后，对照各考点及题数，仔细推敲，解决难题。
4.通读全文，确保无误
例题分析
A
Have you ever seen an old movie called Three Coins in the Fountain? It is about three young American women (21) _______(search) for permanent romance in Rome and they all find it. Far-fetched Hollywood? Well, from the world history point of view, romance did, in fact, set down its roots in Rome.
The word romance evolved in Latin from Roma to Romanicus of the Roman language, to the Old French romanz escrive, (22) _______means “to write in a Romance language,” and on to the English romance.
The Romance languages (23) ____________(compose) of seven groups of languages that all have Latin (24) ______their basis. These languages include French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. The common people in ancient Rome spoke (25)________ is referred to as Vulgar Latin, an informal speech, as opposed to the classical Latin of the more educated. Most language experts agree that Vulgar Latin is the chief source of the Romance languages.
Medieval Romances were tales (26) __________(write)primary in French verse about brave heroes. The notion of having a romance with another person is thought (27) __________(develop) sometime during the Middle Ages. In the late 18th century and on through the 19th, a romance was not a love story (28) _________ a work of prose fiction that contained far-fetched, mysterious events. Romances of this period (29) _________(include) English Gothic novels like The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole.
What exactly is a twentieth-century romance ? Does it have any relationship with the lively, popular novels written today, with their fantastic plots of love affairs? Or did the playwright Oscar Wilde have it right in The Picture of Dorian Gray: “ When one is in love, one always begins by deceiving (30) _________, and one always ends by deceiving others. That is what the world calls a romance.”
Keys:
21. searching 22. which 23. are composed 24. as 25 .what
26. written 27. to have developed 28. but 29. included 30. oneself /himself
二、专题精讲
知识点（一）非谓语动词的解题步骤：（谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态）1. 辨别谓语和非谓语
分析句子结构，区别谓语动词与非谓语动词
例题1：We all hope to enjoy harmonious relationships with our parents. In real life, however, this is not always possible. The poem “Those Winter Sundays” by Robert Hayden expresses the
speaker’s re gret over the way the speaker, when he was young, ________ (treat) his father.
解析：此题的正确答案为treated。
但较让学生迷惑的是此处到底考查的是谓语动词，还是非谓语动词呢？需分析句子成分。
主语：The poem “Those Winter Sundays” by Robert Hayden；谓语动词expresses；宾语the speaker’s regret；the way作over后的介词宾语，但the way后跟了一个定语从句，省略了关系词that，从句中的主语为the speaker，显然此处需填谓语动词形式，又由when he was young，知需过去形式。
例题2：Beware first-class travelers! Passengers sitting in the rear of a plane have the best chance of survival in an event of a crash, an extraordinary and costly aviation（航空，飞行）experiment ever ______ (conduct) has revealed.
解析：此题的正确答案为conducted。
分析句子成分知主语为an extraordinary and costly aviation experiment；谓语动词为has revealed，又无并列连词，不是并列谓语，所以需填非谓语形式，分析知其逻辑主语为experiment，与之为被动关系，所以需过去分词形式做定语。
2. 寻找逻辑主语
找到非谓语动词的修饰对象或逻辑主语
3. 分析语态
非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系
根据现在分词表“主动，进行”；过去分词表“被动，完成”；动词不定式一般表目的或意料之外的结果，作定语时往往表“将来的动作”进行进一步的分析。
例题1：The man sticks out his hand, _____ (say), “Hi, I’m Paul.”
解析：此题的正确答案为saying。
分析句子成分知主语为The man；谓语动词为sticks out，又动作与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，所以需doing的形式做伴随状语。
例题2：Today, roller skating is easy and fun．But a long time ago, it wasn’t easy at all. Before 1750, the idea of skating didn’t exist. That changed because of a man________(name)Joseph Merlin.
解析：此题的正确答案为named。
分析知动作的逻辑主语为a man，被叫做Joseph Merlin，
所以需动词的过去分词做定语，表被动。
例题3：The thing I had fallen over felt like a bundle of clothes, and I picked it up ______ (protect) my face from the smoke and heat.
解析：此题的正确答案为to protect。
理解句子含义知“我捡起那包衣服，目的是为了用来防止我的脸受烟和热的侵害”，表目的，所以需要to do形式做目的状语。
4. 分析时态
即分析非谓语动词的动作和主句谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序。
在表主动的时候，非谓语动词的动作先于主句动作发生，用having done，同时发生用doing；在表被动的时候，非谓语动词的动作先于主句动作发生，用having been done，同时发生用being done。
例题1：They both worked very hard for years. ________ (earn) enough money, they finally could move from their two-bedroom home to a seven-bedroom home in a rich neighborhood.
解析：此题的正确答案为Having earned。
分析句子含义之“赚了很多钱之后，他们最终搬到了一个有7个卧室的房子里”，所需非谓语动词动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，所以需having done的形式。
（二）非谓语动词的解题技巧：
技巧1：做主语时，通常用doing/being done形式表示习惯或一般性动作。
to do形式也可作主语，有将来的含义，考查较少；做宾语时，通常用doing/being done表习惯性或一般情况，用to do/to be done表将来或具体情况，用having done/having been done表已经发生。
当然也许多去积累一些常考的接doing 和to do形式做宾语的固定搭配。
例1：I like to see the smiles on their faces, so (say) “thank you” every day is the way I make the world a better place.
解析：此题的正确答案为saying。
分析句子句子成分可知so后的从句中缺少主语，所以需doing的形式表一般性的动作。
例2：I imagined (sign) by some famous model companies．
解析：此题的正确答案为being signed。
由imagine用法可知，后需doing的形式，又理解句子含义，想象被一些著名的模特公司签订，所以需being done的形式。
例3：I hated dinner parties. But I decided __________ (give) them another try because I’m in London.
解析：此题的正确答案为to give。
由decide用法可知，后需to do的形式做宾语。
技巧2：作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语，一般用不定式。
例1：And now comes evidence showing that 11-year-old children are three times more likely to be hurt or seriously injured on the way to and from school than 10-year-olds, since 11 is the average age at which children receive their first mobile phone, six times more likely_____ (send) a text when it happens.
解析：此题的正确答案为to be sending。
因在形容词likely后作状语，根据be likely to do用法，要用动词不定式，又由句子含义知当事故发生的时候孩子们更可能正在发信息。
例2：However wealthy he was, he never forgot his humble beginnings and was always ready ______(help).
解析：此题的正确答案为to help。
根据be ready to do 可知需不定式形式。
技巧3：分词做伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语等，要分析它与逻辑主语之间的主被动关系，做后置定语也要分析它与被修饰词之间的主被动关系。
例1：A speech to the graduating class will have quite different language, tone and manner from information (deliver) to a group of your friends.
解析：此题的正确答案为deliver。
分析知此处需要分词形式做information的定语，“信息被传送”，所以需动词的过去分词形式做后置定语。
例2：They played outside, (build) weapons and forts (堡垒).
解析：此题的正确答案为building。
分析知此句的主语为they，谓语动词为played，非谓语动作与逻辑主语为主动，表伴随，所以需doing的形式。
技巧4：表由于某种原因而导致的必然的结果，通常用doing的形式做结果状语。
例1：Then I slid off the road, __________ (hit) a wooden fence post.
解析：此题的正确答案为hitting。
分析句子含义“我滑出马路，导致的结果是撞在了木护栏上”，所以用doing形式表结果状语。
注：不定式的形式也可以做结果状语，但通常有以下几种搭配：
相当于so--that引导的结果状语从句，常见句型：
否定：too--to，“太......而不能”
肯定：enough to；“足够......可以”
表示意料之外，事与愿违情绪：only to...（不定式要放在句子后面）例如：
He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。
技巧5：注意一些常考的关于非谓语的固定搭配。
1.一些只能接动名词形式作宾语的固定搭配：
suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建议冒险去献身）
finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to（完成想象忍盼望）
give up, delay/put off, regret, miss（放弃延期悔失去）
insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice（坚持欣赏要实践）
pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to（注意原谅逃/避反对）
keep, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind（保持习惯勿介意）
be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy（值得开始将忙乎）
2.常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词：
allow, permit, beg, expect, forbid, force, invite, order, advise, tell, persuade
注意区分：
allow/ permit/ advise + sb.+ to do sth.
allow/ permit/ advise+ doing sth.
3.注意感官动词的用法：
see, watch, notice, observe, look at（五看）；
listen to，hear（两听）feel（一感）+sb. + do sth.(动作全过程或经常的)
+ doing sth.(正在进行的动作)
4.积累几个常考句型：
(1) It + is+ no good, no use, a waste of time/money, fun, useless, nice, boring, foolish +doing：
(2) need, want, require, deserve+ doing = need, want, require, deserve+ to be done
(3) be worth doing 值得做…
be worthy ①to be done
②of be done
(4) There is +no point+(in) doing
(5) have trouble/difficulty(in) doing sth.
例题解析
1. Besides we can’t deny that some bad guys mask themselves very well so that they can get many nice people ______ (trap).
答案：trapped
解析：分析知需要填非谓语形式，又结合句子含义，“一些坏蛋把自己伪装的很好，以至于
能使一些好人进入陷阱。
”使被困，所以需动词的过去分词做定语。
2. Perhaps the best way ______ (learn) how to behave in the working world is to identify a worker you admire and observe his behavior.
答案：to learn
解析：根据way的用法：the way to do sth，所以需用不定式形式做定语。
在英语中，有些表示抽象概念的名词后面接不定式做定语，对其进行解释说明，类似用法的词有：ability, ambition, anxiety, attempt, campaign, chance, courage, decision, determination等
3. They were fond of comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store, _____(check) prices before making a new purchase.
答案：checking
解析：分析可知此处需要非谓语形式，其逻辑主语为they，与检查这个动作是主动关系，另跟后一个making并列，所以需要doing的形式。
4. In a unique aviation experiment recently, the 170-seat-Boeing 727 was made_____ (crash) in
a controlled manner in a remote part of Mexico’s Sonoran Desert.
答案：to crash
解析：根据make的用法，make+宾语+do，使让…做某事，但当为被动形式，需还原一个to，所以此处需要to do的形式。
5. Several of the worst man-made disasters happened in the last few hours before dawn, when even the most experienced night-worker has difficulty (stay) awake.
答案：staying
解析：根据句型have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难，知需要填staying。
课堂练习：
1. During our stressful teen years, we may find that our parents, especially our fathers, have difficulty________ (show) their love for us verbally — sometimes when we need it most. This is certainly very discouraging. However, if we remember ________ (be) grateful or not so self-centered, we will see that their love has always been there, only ________ (express) in ways different from what we may have expected.
2. Three years ago, when the cleanup started, garbage was everywhere. But this year the teenagers can row their boats fast. By the end of the six-hour cleanup, they (remove) enough garbage to fill more than two large trucks. “(see) all that garbage in the river makes people begin to care about environmental issues,” Susan says. She hopes that when others read that, she and her peers care enough (clean) it up, maybe they would think twice before they throw garbage into the river.
3. So far English, ___________ (invent) by people not computers, ___________ (reflect) the creativity of human beings.
4. The number of children (admit) to hospitals after accidents in public playgrounds (climb) by about a third in five years, according to NHS data. Experts in both Britain and the US, a similar rise has occurred suggest some of the increase may be a result of parents being too distracted by their phones (take) care of their children properly.
5. In 1920, when Dahl was four, his father died at the age of fifty seven. Instead of (26) (move) back to Norway to live with her relatives, his mother decided to remain in Britain. It had been her husband’s wish to have their children (educate) in the best school in the world.
6. Certain people in society, such as motorcyclists, seem to believe they have a right (make) as much noise as they like without being fined. Do they?
7. One day I heard two girls talking about making net friends in a café. One said that she (meet) one of her net friends and the other told her not to because most people found their net friends (disappoint) in real life.
8. It was they who first tried to persuade Hilton to remain open all night. (think) about it for a while, he suddenly made up his mind. He took the door key and threw it across the road. He hasn’t closed the door ever since.
9. A hero does something worth (talk) about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.
10. She sees many of her other cousins in the field (play) softball.
11. When she left school, she first went to Britain. Then a year later she went to India, where she began (train) to be a teacher.
12. On many occasions an animal may take beautifully to being in a cage but (get) used to the idea of living with people is another matter.
13. The contest includes the belly laugh, the crazy laugh and the diabolical laugh. The last one is the most challenging, according to Nerenberg, who said the goal is (make) the audience laugh with your laugh.
14. The work required the family (live) two hours from the nearest big city.
15. When Strasser walked into the living room, he caught the intruder (try) to steal his computer.
16. Therefore, what students should do is ___________ (devote) the same energy and time to their major subject as before, while sacrificing their spare time to work on their minor subject. “Considering your future, it’s a worthwhile effort,” he says.
17. I wanted to be special and I was naively determined (reach) an impossible goal．
18. By (learn) from a model, you will probably begin to identify and learn good working habits.
19. After (take) it out of its package, he put a small frying pan onto the stove’s gas burner. He turned on the heat.
20. In 2012, Hemsworth played Thor again in the film The Avengers. He was one of a group of superheroes (assemble) to save planet Earth.
答案：
1）38.showing 39.to be 40.expressed 2）30. had removed 31. Seeing 32. to clean 3）31. Invented
32. has reflected/has been reflecting 4）26. admitted 27. has climbed 28. where 29. to take 5）26. moving 27. educated 6）27. to make 7）25. would meet/ was going to meet 26. disappointing 8）34.Having thought
9）26. talking 10）27.playing 11）26.to be trained 12）37.getting 13）38. to make 14）34. to live 15）28. trying 16）40. to devote 17）32. to determined 18）40. learning 19）27. taking 20）38. assembled
知识点（二）语法新题型之介词考点解题技巧讲解
（一）判断：句子不缺主语、表语，及物动词不缺宾语时，(已有限定词的)名词，V-ing,代词或从句前面，一定是填介词。
（二）介词解题技巧讲解：
技巧1：与名词相连，构成短语。
例1：As a student, I get so many assignments every day. I have to stay up late in order to finish all my homework. I used to complain about all this pressure school with my classmates.
解析：此题的正确答案为from。
分析知“来自学校的压力”，做定语成分。
技巧2：与不及物动词构成动词短语
例1：Then Penny sees an incredibly handsome man. She stares at him. He catches her staring. He smiles and walks ______ to her.
解析：此题的正确答案为up/over。
根据介词与不及物动词walk构成搭配walk up/over to sb，走近某人。
技巧3：多识记一些关于介词的固定搭配。
例1：Roald Dahl, the famous children’s book writer, was born to Harold and Sofie Dahl on 13 September 1916. He was named______ the explorer, Roald Amundsen, their national hero in Norway of that time.
解析：此题的正确答案为after。
根据固定搭配be named after，“以…命名”。
知识点（三）语法新题型之冠词考点解题技巧讲解
判断：名词前面，若没有限定词，很可能是填冠词,形容词性物主代词或other, another等限定词，另外也需结合具体语境及语意分析。
例1：The year before last, a new superhero landed on Earth to live among humans. When people needed help, Thor became their defender and saved world. People loved Thor and the actor
who played him — Chris Hemsworth.
解析：此题的正确答案为the。
用定冠词the修饰世界上独一无二的事物。
例2：This summer, the National Snow and Ice Data Center in the US announced that the sea ice coverage in Arctic had reached its lowest level with less than half of the coverage it has four decades ago.
解析：此题的正确答案为the。
用定冠词the修饰大洋及大洲等。
例3：Daunte Reed is one of about twelve people competing in the contest. He is hoping to be a winner of the title of top laugher. “I’ve been told I have_____ attractive laugh. It doesn’t take much to make me laugh,” Reed said.
解析：此题的正确答案为an。
用于可数名词前。
知识点（四）语法新题型之冠词考点解题技巧讲解
技巧1：空格前有可修饰比较级的词even，much，far，still，a little，a bit，a lot等时，或句子中有than 时，需改为比较级形式。
例题1：After a few months, we did not complain about homework anymore because we knew that our teachers worked (hard) than we did.
解析：此题的正确答案为harder。
有明显的提示than，所以需比较级形式。
例题2：Susan, who has just completed her third summer camp on the river cleanup, sees a change in this river. “Since we started three years ago, the river is getting a lot _____(clean),” she says.
解析：此题的正确答案为cleaner。
前有a lot进行修饰，所以需比较级形式。
技巧2：空格前为定冠词the，或整个句子中有范围限定时，所给出的形容词或副词需改最高级的形式。
例题1：The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience
determines who has_____(attractive) laugh.
解析：此题的正确答案为the most attractive 。
分析句子含义，有范围限定“在此比赛中谁的笑容最迷人”，所以需要最高级形式。
例题解析
1. Despite the slippery road, I was stupidly going along __________ about 50 miles an hour, instead of driving more cautiously.
答案：at
解析：由句子含义知以每小时50英里的速度行驶，所以需at，类似的短语有at the speed/price/rate of…。
2. I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another try because I’m in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because__________ dinner parties in London are very different from those in New York.
答案：the
解析：位于可数名词复数前，特指伦敦的聚会。
3. Furthermore, however talented the speaker is, a talk without enough preparation is usually __________failure.
答案：a
解析：failure及success前加不定冠词，指具体的成功/失败的人或事。
4. Young Dahl used to dream of inventing a chocolate bar which would win the praise of the owner of the chocolate company, Cadbury. This later became the inspiration for the______(hot) of all his books -Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. It was the book that finally brought him world fame.
答案：hottest
解析：形容词前有定冠词，以及结合句子含义，需比较级形式。
课堂练习
1. Last August Susan and forty-two other students got wet and dirty while removing six tons of garbage_____ the river running across their city.
2. Cold weather also brought heavy snowstorms the US, Russia and Europe, causing deaths and forcing highways to shut down.
3. After the jet hit the ground nose-first, experts found that the dummy in the brace position would have survived the impact, ______ one not in the brace would have suffered serious head injuries, and the dummy not wearing a seat-belt would have “died”.
4. A woman in _____ night dress and a borrow ed man’s coat screamed as she saw me and came running madly.
5. “Fire! Fire!” What terrible words to hear when one wakes up in a strange house in the middle of the night! It was a large, old, wooden house and my room was on the top floor. I jumped out of bed, opened the door and stepped outside the house. There was full of thick smoke.
I began to run, but as I was still only half-awake, _______ ________ going towards the stairs, I went in the opposite direction.
6. Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll. Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates. Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party_______ wheels while playing the violin.
7. On any collecting trip, obtaining the animals is, as a rule, the simplest part of the job. As soon as the local people discover that you are willing to buy live wild creatures, the stuff comes pouring in; ninety percent is, of course, the more common types, but they do bring_______occasional rarity. If you want the really rare stuff, you generally have to go out and find it yourself.
8. Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?______ immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.
9. In remembering the small things his father did ________ him and his family, such as lighting a fire in the morning and polishing his shoes, the speaker begins to understand an aspect of parental love that escaped ________ notice in the past.
10. It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than $ 3million—they were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm. _____ _____ the financial crisis, Ish and Arlene developed the habit of saving. They were fond of comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store, checking prices before making a new purchase.。
