英语四级翻译题语法总结

翻译 1.考题特点 ①考点的生活化 Because of the leg injury, the athlete ________________________ (决定退出比赛). decided to quit the match They requested that ____________(我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday. books I borrowed (should) be returned to the library I (should) return the book I borrowed to the library ②考题的重复性：考点直接重复 Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble ________ (找到去历史博物馆的路). 答案：finding the way/road to the History Museum. Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty __________________ (集中注意力在实验上).(in) concentrating on the experiment/ focusing her attention on the experiment. Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had _________很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English. difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates ②考题的重复性：考点与题干重复 I am going to pursue this course, ________ （无论我要作出什么样的牺牲）. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never ______________(放弃对知识的追求). The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite __________________ (她父母的强烈反对). ③考点的陷阱性 Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _____________________ (如果你方便的话). if you are convenient for you (×) 答案：if it is convenient for you 应对策略：切忌逐字翻译 B超：The B is super. George called his boss from the airport but it __________________ (接电话的却是他的助手). was his assistant who answered the phone. By contrast, American mothers were more likely _______ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent 两个固定搭配考点：1)be likely to do sth ; 2) owe…to /attribute…to 答案：to attribute/ owe their children’s success to 宏观两大考点： ①核心语法 1.被动 Though a skilled worker, __________(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis. 第一步：由Though a skilled worker, last week because of the economic crisis.可以推出，划线处应该补全完整主句，时态由last week确定为一般过去时态。 第二步：1.切块翻译：“解雇”= be fired(注意被动)；“他”=he；“公司”=company 重新组合： [正确答案]：he was fired by the company Fire——>dismiss Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research ____________ (能应用于新技术的开发). 考点：固定搭配和被动语态（1）“apply to” （2）can be applied to the development of the new technology The magnificent museum _______(据说建成于) about a hundred years ago. 【结构分析】主语为the significant museum，谓语 ——>（据说建成于）about a hundred years ago为时间状语。 【考点】①被动语态: 主语museum与动词build之间为被动关系; 且bulid这一动作发生在过去。②据说 be said to；be said to+ 动词不定式的完成时，表示不定式表示的动作已经完成。【答案】：is said to have been built 2.定语从句 定从翻译步骤：a.写出正确简单句，并确定中心话题(名词)b.中心话题后加入定从，关系词： who/ whose / which / where / when；若关系词在从句中做宾语，可省略。 The prevention and treatment of AIDS is ______________ (我们可以合作的领域). 第一步：浏览句子，判定考点：定语从句，第二步：1. 补充完成主句，注意单复数 „. the field, 2. 完成定语从句写作：判定动词, 切块翻译 答案：the field where we can cooperate或者：the field in which we can cooperate They requested that __________(我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday. books (that I borrowed) should be returned to the library 3.名词性从句 a.宾语从句 Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life________（是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的），not how much they can earn. 衡量：measure 错误答案：is measured by how much can they borrow. 正确答案：is measured by how much they can borrow. b.主语从句 ____________(大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children. 所字结构= what从句（what在从句中作宾语）答案：What most parents are concerned about _____________(很多人所没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football in particular. 正确答案：What many people don’t realize使字结构= what 从句（what在从句中做主语） _____________________(给游客印象最深的) was the friendliness and warmth of the local people. What impressed tourists the most 4.状语从句 状语从句：让步、时间、条件、目的、原因、地点、结果、方式和比较 小重点：让步状语从句 a. no matter + what/ who/ when/ where/how what/ who/ when/ where/ how + ever 区分：有逗号= no matter what无逗号= whatever I am going to pursue this course,________________________（无论我要作出什么样的牺牲）. 参考答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make Leaving one’s job, __________ (不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. 【解析】第一步：待译内容是让步状语(从句)。“不管是什么”可以译作no matter what或whatever第二步：切块（翻译）组合：no matter what job it is no matter what the job is whatever job it is ______________(无论谁在这抽烟)will be punished. (主语从句) 答案：Whoever smokes here（不能用no matter who） 5.倒装 在英语中,主语和谓语有两种顺序: 一是主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序( Natural Order ).反之,如果谓语在主语前面,就是倒装语序( Inverted Order )