2000 A coal combustion model for circulating fluidized bed boilers

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AcoalcombustionmodelforcirculatingfluidizedbedboilersL.Huilina,*,Z.Guangboa,B.Rushana,C.Yongjina,D.GidaspowbaDepartmentofPowerEngineering,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,Harbin150001,People’sRepublicofChina

bDepartmentofChemical&EnvironmentalEngineering,IllinoisInstituteofTechnology,Chicago,IL60616,USA

Received9September1998;receivedinrevisedform15February1999;accepted28June1999

AbstractAsteadystatemodelofacoal-firedcirculatingfluidized-bedboiler,basedonhydrodynamics,heattransferandcombustion,ispresented.Thismodelpredictsthefluegastemperature,thechemicalgasspecies(O2,H2O,CO,CO2andSO2)andcharconcentrationdistributionsin

boththeaxialandradiallocationsalongthefurnaceincludingthebottomandupperportion.Themodelwasvalidatedagainstexperimentaldatageneratedina35t/hcommercialboilerwithlowcirculationratio.᭧1999ElsevierScienceLtd.Allrightsreserved.

Keywords:Circulatingfluidized-bedboiler;Modelling;Coalcombustion

1.IntroductionCirculatingfluidizedbedcombustors(CFBCs)areconsideredinsomerespectstobeanimprovementoverthetraditionalmethodsofcoalcombustion.OperationofindustrialCFBCshasconfirmedmanyadvantagesincludingfuelflexibility,broadturn-downratio,highcombustionefficiency,lowNOxemissionsandhighsulphurcapture

efficiency.Thesecharacteristicsassureincreasingcommer-cializationofCFBCinpowergenerationapplications.AlthoughCFBCtechnologyisbecomingmorecommon,therearesomesignificantuncertaintiesinpredictingperfor-manceinlarge-scalesystems.TechnicalknowledgeaboutdesignandoperationofCFBCiswidelyavailable,butlittlehasbeendoneinthefieldofmathematicalmodellingandsimulationofcombustioninCFBCs.Thismightbeattributedtothefactthatthecombus-tionprocessoccurringinaCFBCinvolvescomplexphenom-enaincludingchemicalreaction,heatandmasstransfer,particlesizereductionduetocombustion,fragmentationandothermechanisms,andgasandsolidflowstructure.Usingalumped-modellingapproach,Weissetal.[1]andArenaetal.[2]introducedaCFBCmodelbydividingitintoseveralblocks,eachcorrespondingtocontinuousstirredtankreactorsforbothgasandsolidphase.LeeandHyppaueu[3]presentedaCFBCmodelthatconsideredtheriserasaplugflowreactorforthegasphaseandacontinuousstirredtankreactorforthesolidphase.Themodelalsoconsidersthefeedparticlesizedistributionandtheattritionphenomena.

Weibetal.[4]andMaggioetal.[5]developedamodelforcirculatingbedreactorsincludingtheriser,cyclone,loopsealandexternalfluidizedheatexchanger.Kudoetal.[6]proposedacomputerprogramtosimulateflowandheattransferinacirculatingfluidizedbedboiler.RadiativeheattransferismodelledbyusingaMonteCarlomethod.Sotudeh-Gharebaaghetal.[7]developedaCFBCmodelbasedonASPEN,andpredictedtheperformancesofaCFBCintermsofcombustionefficiency,emissionlevels.ParkandBasu[8]andWangetal.[9]introducedacombus-tionmodelforCFBCstocharacterizetheeffectoftheoper-atingconditionsonCFBbehaviour.Adanezetal.[10]proposedamathematicalmodelforacirculatingfluidizedbedcoalcombustionprocess.Themodelconsideredthebedtohavetworegions:adensezoneofconstantvoidageandadilutezoneofcore-annulusstructure.However,mostofthemodelsdonotcompletelytakeaccountoftheperfor-manceofthedensezone.Generallyspeaking,theparticlesizedistributionofbedmaterialinaCFBboilerisinaverywiderange.Acalculatedaverageparticlediameterisnotsuitabletorepresentthebehaviourofthetotalbedpar-ticles.Theparticleswillbesegregatedbytheirdifferentdiametersanddensities.Onlythefineparticlescanbeentrainedwithfluegaspassingthroughthefurnace.Mostoflargeparticlesremaininthebottomoffurnace.Theparti-cleconcentrationsaremuchhigherinthebottomthanintheupperportioninthefurnace.Thefluidizationregimeinthebottommaybebubblingorturbulentfluidizedbed.Leckneretal.[11]examinedthiszoneandfoundthatitcouldbeexplainedbythepresenceofbubble-likevoids.Theyreportedtheheightofthedensezonewasabout1.0mfromthe

Fuel79(2000)165–1720016-2361/00/$-seefrontmatter᭧1999ElsevierScienceLtd.Allrightsreserved.PII:S0016-2361(99)00139-8

www.elsevier.com/locate/fuel*Correspondingauthor.distributorina12MWthermalCFBboiler.Montatetal.[12]alsofoundthatthedensezonewascharacterizedbyabubblingbed,andthebulkdensitywasintherangeof700–1000kg/m3ina125MWeCFBboiler.Theseresultsimply

thatthecombustionofcoal,particlesmixingandheattransferinthedensezonedominatetheperformancesofCFBboilers.Inthepresentwork,asteadystatemathematicalmodelofacoalfiredCFBboilerhasbeendeveloped,integratingthehydrodynamics,heattransferandcombustionwhichincludethedensezoneanddiluteregioninthefurnace.Themodelpredictsthedistributionsofthegasconcentration,chemicalspecies,temperatureandheatfluxalongthefurnaceinboththeaxialandradiallocations.Themodelwasvalidatedagainstexperimentaldatageneratedina35t/hCFBboileroflowcirculationratiowithwidesizedistributions.