2015年职称英语A级试题及答案

2015职称英语理工类A真题及答案

1 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.

A. control B. observe C. regulate D. accept

2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work.

A. sense B. talent C. flavor D. taste

3. Most people find rejection hard to accept.

A. excuse B. client C. refusal D. destiny

4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.

A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D. sensible

5. They were locked in mortal combat.

A. deadly B. open C. actual D. active

6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.

A. amount B. supply C. tempt D. sum

7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.

A. clear B. necessary C. special D. correct

8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.

A. Service B. danger C. disorder D. threat

9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.

A. survive B. last C. die D. move

10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.

A. fair B. full C .coexisting D. public

11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.

A. policy B. value C .equality D. integration

12. A salesman’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers.

A. principal B. official C. simple D. legal

13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation

A. silence B. praise C .assure D. complain

14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fear

A. emotional B. nervous C. terrible D. Continuous

15. The starving children were a pathetic sight.

A. common B. unexpected C. unforgettable D. pitiful

2015职称英语理工类A真题及答案

2 第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Lack of Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on Earth

Scientists have long speculated as to why animal species didn’t flourish sooner, once sufficient

oxygen covered the Earth’s surface. Animals began to prosper at the end of the Proterozoic period,

about 800 million years ago — but what about the billion-year stretch before that, when most

researchers think there also was plenty of oxygen?

Well, it seems the air wasn’t so great then, after all.

In a study published Oct. 31 in Science, Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and his colleagues found

that oxygen levels during the “boring billion” period were only 0.1% of what they are today. In other

words, Earth’s atmosphere couldn’t have supported a diversity of creatures, no matter what genetic

advancements were poised to occur.

“There is no question that genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise of

animals, but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level of oxygen,” said Planavsky,

co-lead author of the research along with Christopher Reinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology.

“We’re providing the first evidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to

potentially prevent the rise of animals.”

The scientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes in ancient sediments

from China, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Chromium is found in the Earth’s continental

crust, and chromium oxidation is directly linked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.

Specifically, the team studied samples deposited in shallow, iron-rich ocean areas, near the shore.

They compared their data with other samples taken from younger locales known to have higher levels

of oxygen.

Oxygen’s role in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists. “We were

missing the right approach until now,” Planavsky said. “Chromium gave us the proxy.” Previous

estimates put the oxygen level at 40% of today’s conditions during pre-animal times, leaving open the

possibility that oxygen was already plentiful enough to support animal life.

In the new study, the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were “highly dynamic” in the

early atmosphere, with the potential for occasional spikes. However, they said, “It seems clear that

there is a first-order difference in the nature of Earth surface Cr cycling” before and after the rise of

animals.

“If we are right, our results will really change how people view the origins of animals and other

complex life, and their relationships to the co-evolving environment,” said co-author Tim Lyons of the

University of California-Riverside. “This could be a game changer.”

“There’s a lot of interest right now in a broader discussion surrounding the role that environmental