安乐死” 立法研究
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目录内容摘要: (1)一、研究背景及意义 (2)(一)研究背景 (2)(二)研究意义 (2)二、安乐死的界定 (3)(一)安乐死的内涵................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3(二)本文对安乐死的理解................................ . . . . . . . . . . 4三、安乐死的外延 (5)(一)非自然死亡中相关概念与安乐死 (5)(二)自然死亡中相关概念与安乐死................................ . . 6四、安乐死立法的基本原则................................ . . . . . . . . . . . 7(一)生命权神圣不可侵犯原则................................ . . . . 7(二)意思表示真实、自由原则................................ . . . . 7(三)严格程序原则................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(四)人道主义原则................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8五、结论语 (8)参考文献 (9)“安乐死”立法研究内容摘要:生命权是一个人的最高人格法益,法律赋予人诸多权利,但是人们却无法完全掌握与生死密切相关的生命权,因为人对于个人的出生不能表示拒绝,同样也不能对死亡做出自由选择。
但是随着社会文明的进步,对于这一权利,出生不必多说,但是如何死亡、何时死亡的问题人们争论至今,其中最引人关注的也是最具争议的便是“安乐死”。
每个人对于生命、死亡有着不同的见解,对于安乐死便也有着不同的观点,即人是否有权放弃自己的生命。
国外早己对此问题有着长久的研究,而我国起步相对较晚,还没有形成较为完整的理论体系。
但是作为世界上人口大国、最大的发展中国家来说,“安乐死”是个无法回避的问题。
因此,每年都有许多相关的新闻报道,而我国学者也对其投入大量的关注。
本文首先从安乐死的概述入手,对安乐死进行界定,解决其概念问题,只有完整准确地定义了安乐死,才能让大众了解什么是安乐死,也才能结合我国的基本国情对其展开深入的讨论与研究,为我国安乐死合法化奠定理论基础; 其次是对安乐死的现状进行详细介绍,在详细分析国内外安乐死现状的基础上了解目前世界上的不同人群、不同团体对于安乐死的基本态度,并总结出我国在安乐死立法上所存在的困境;再次是鉴于国外安乐死合法化的经验探讨目前我国对安乐死立法的必要性和正当性,以满足当前的社会需求,规范混乱的社会实践活动,明晰我国在安乐死合法化的问题上所应当重视的要点;最后提出关于安乐死合法化的立法设想,严格规范实施程序,建立有效的监督机制,为安乐死合法化的法律程序和规定提供合理有效的建议,以严厉打击妄图利用安乐死而实施故意杀人的违法行为。
关键词: 安乐死合法化立法建议Content abstract: The right to life is a person's highest personality and legal interests, and the law gives people many rights, but people can not fully grasp the right to life closely related to life and death, because people can not refuse the birth of an individual, nor can they make free choices about death. However, with the progress of social civilization, there is no need to say more about this right of birth, but the question of how and when to die has been debated so far. The most interesting and controversial one is euthanasia. Everyone has different opinions on life and death, and on euthanasia, they also have different opinions on whether people have the right to give up their lives. Foreign countries have long studied this problem, but China started relatively late and has not formed a relatively complete theoretical system. But as the world's most populous country and the largest developing country, "euthanasia" is an unavoidable problem. Therefore, every year there are many related news reports, and Chinese scholars also devote a lot of attention to it.This paper begins with an overview of euthanasia, defines euthanasia and resolves its conceptual problems. Only by defining euthanasia completely and accurately, can the public understand what euthanasia is, and carry out in-depth discussion and Research on euthanasia in the light of China's basic national conditions, laying a theoretical foundation for the legalization of euthanasia in China; secondly, it introduces the current situation of euthanasia in detail. Shao, on the basis of a detailed analysis of the current situation of euthanasia at home and abroad, understands the basic attitudes of different groups and groups in the world towards euthanasia, and summarizes the predicament of euthanasia legislation in China. Thirdly, in view of the experience of legalization of euthanasia abroad, the necessity and legitimacy of euthanasia legislation in China are discussed to meet the current social needs. To standardize the chaotic social practice activities and clarify the main points that our country should attach importance to in the legalization of euthanasia; finally, to put forward legislative ideas on the legalization of euthanasia, to strictly standardize the implementation procedures, to establish an effective supervision mechanism, to provide reasonable and effective suggestions for the legal procedures and regulations of euthanasia legalization, in order to severely combat the intentional use of euthanasia. The illegal act of homicide.Key words: legislative proposals for legalization of euthanasia1一、研究背景及意义(一)研究背景在2014年以前,年龄的划分是安乐死得以合法存在的一个重要条件,但在之后比利时打破了这一规则,成为全球首个不限年龄而实施安乐死的国家,这不仅在当时造成了轰动,直到现在各界人士依旧为比利时的这一做法而感到不可思议。
在大部分人还在追问什么是“安乐死”的时候,比利时在安乐死问题上再一次取得突破性的发展,因此,安乐死重新成为人们思考生命权与死亡选择权利的中心内容[1-3] 。
目前大多数国家和地区是否定安乐死的,但是不可否认的是安乐死依旧在艰难的发展着,例如美国加州州长在2015 年也签署了法案以确认安乐死合法地位,至此美国己有五个州承认了安乐死的合法地位,现在还有20 多个州还在为安乐死的合法问题积极努力着。
而且在安乐死非法化的国家和地区,虽然官方对安乐死持否定态度,但是站在民间的立场上,多数人不仅是支持的,甚至有人在暗中实施着安乐死。
而我国和其他安乐死非法化的国家一样,对于安乐死存在着诸多疑问与担心,不少的专家学者也曾对此有过深入的研究,但是同样也存在着医生或是家属私自为患者实施安乐死的现象。