高三语法复习(七)形容词和副词
- 格式：doc
- 大小：101.00 KB
- 文档页数：9
1 语法复习(七)-----形容词和副词
一、形容词
1. 在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。
"县官行令杀国才。"这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：
限（冠词[物主代词、指示代词]数词等）观 （描绘） 形（大小、形状等） 龄 （年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）
a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella an interesting English film
the man’s first two interesting little red French oil paintings
a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella
2.形容词后置
（1）一些表语形容词如afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等作定语，常置于被修饰词的后面。如 He is the most famous scientist alive in the world today.
有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。
(2) 形容词在修饰someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody,
nothing 等不定代词时，需要置于其后。 I have something important to tell you.
(3) else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
Who else will go there? I have something else to do this evening.
3 .以ly结尾的形容词有: friendly, deadly, lovely, lonely, likely, lively, ugly, brotherly, manly,等
4.有些以ly结尾的既为形容词,也为副词: daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early等.
5.某些形容词加上定冠词泛指一类人, 谓语用复数.如:the dead, the living, the rich, the poor,
the blind, the hungry等.
6.有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,谓语用复数.
如: the British, the English, the French, the Chinese等
7.作表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。
常见系动词有：be
变化系动词： become, get ,turn, grow, go
保持系动词： keep ,remain, stay
感观系动词： look, smell , taste, feel, sound, appear , seem ,prove etc.
8.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。
He went to bed , cold and hungry.
9.“数词＋名词”构成的形容词
（1）数词＋名词，如 a two-week tour, a ten-page report等。
（2）数词＋名词＋形容词，如 a seven-year-old boy等。
（3）名词（无冠词）＋基数词=the＋序数词＋名词，如 Unit 6=the Sixth Unit
二、副词
1. 形容词变副词的规则 2 词形类别 规则 例词
单音节y 结尾的词 直接加ly shy—shyly, gay--- gaily
多音节y 结尾的词 将 y改为i 后加ly easy—easily, heavy—heavily
以ue结尾的词 去e 加ly true—truly
以le 结尾的词 去e 加y gentle—gently, terrible--terribly
其他以e 结尾的词 一律加ly nice—nicely, wise—wisely
以 ll结尾的词 只加y full—fully
以ic 结尾的词 加ally energetic—energetically
其他形容词 均加ly careful--carefully
2. 几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如：
We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.
3. 表频率的时间副词是高考的热点
always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually
等，通常放于行为动词之前，be动词、情态动词和助动词之后。
He is always telling lies, so I will never believe him.
4. 程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（但 enough除外）
He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.
5. 表原意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：
deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低
deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微
close近Don’t sit close.
closely密切地Watch closely!
late晚、迟arrive late, come late
lately最近I haven’t seen him lately(recently).
三、形容词和副词的比较等级
1.原级的构成和用法。
用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词
+ as”有时也可用 “倍数+the +名词+ of 这些名词常常是: length, size, weight, width, height,
age, number 等.如：
Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.
This building looks not so (as)high as that one.
Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .
This room is three times as large as that one.
=This room is three times the size of that one.
2.比较级的用法。
①对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如：
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如：
This room is less beautiful than that one.
3.可修饰比较级的词有even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。
He works even harder than before. 3 4. 可修饰最高级的词有:
by far, far, much, mostly, almost 和序数词
5. 当后有选择范围时,强调两者中的更--- 且后有名词时则可在比较级前加冠词.
Which is larger, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is the taller of the two sisters.
She is taller than her two sisters.
6. many, old, far
(1) 有: many more + 可数名词 : people, books, problems…
much more + 不可数名词 : money, water, wood…
(2 ) old 的比较级和最高级 elder / eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系
elder sister, eldest brother
(3) far 的两种: farther / further 都可表距离, 但常用further 来表示进一步.
I can’t go farther/ further.
Could you explain it further. further education
7. 形容词most前面没有the 不表示最高级而是表示”非常”相当于very
It is a most important problem.
8. “否定词+比较级” 或”否定词+ so---as” 结构表示最高级含义
Nothing is so easy as this. = Nothing is easier than this. = This is the easiest thing.
9. so … that … 与such … that … 的区别。
so +
形容词 / 副词 + that …
so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that …
so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that …
such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that …
such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that …
such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …
10. the +比较级 --- the+比较级--- 越… 越…
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
12.某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于„„）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在„„之前）等。
He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.
13.表示"最高程度"的形容词如excellent , extreme , perfect等，没有最高级,也不能用比较级。
14. very，much和very much.的区别
very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用very much.
例如，John is very honest.约翰非常诚实。
