广西十万大山地区的鱼类区系及其动物地理学分析
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生物多样性2001.9(4):336~344
Biadirersity Se ̄nee
广西十万大山地区的鱼类区系及其动物
地理学分析
赵亚辉 张春光
(中国科学院动物研究所. 北京10ooB0)
摘要:于1998年和1999年对广西西南部十万大山地区的鱼类区系进行了调查。十万大山是我国大陆最南端的山
脉,该地区共有野生鱼类102种,由于南北坡河流分属不同承系.两地的鱼类组成有很大差异。北坡各支流均汇人
明江(珠江水系的一个支脉),其鱼类组成具有明显的珠江水系特点,在中国动物地理区捌上属华南区珠江亚区
南坡各水系多独流人海,鱼类组成与珠江和海南岛诸水系均有较大共性,反映出地史上这些水系之间曾有着广泛
的交流和联系,但与海南岛亚区的鱼类区系成分更为接近,动物地理区捌应归属海南岛亚区
关键词:广西,十万大山,鱼类区系,动物地理
中图分类号:Q958 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005一o094(2001)04—0336—09
Fish fauna and zoogeographicaI analysis of Shi Wan Da Shan Mountains,
Guangxi,China
ZHAO Ya—Hui,ZHANG Chun—Guang。
Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beij'ing 100080
Abstract:The Shi Wan Da Shah Mountains(1iterally“a hundred thousand gigantic mountains”)are lo—
cared in the southwestern part of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.China.11he streams on the
northe/71 side of the Shi Wan Da Shah Mountains ai-e mainly the upstream tributarles of the SOUtheYo side
of the Mingjiang River basin,belonging to the Pearl River system.There are many substantive river
streams on the southern side and the streams are near to each other but discharge independently into the
Beibu Gum
Due to the complicated geographical conditions in the Shi Wan Da Shah Mountains,the species di
versity of fish is very abundant We collected 84 species and subspecies in the aTea during the spring of
1998 and the fadl of 1999.and another 18 species and subspecies were recorded in past refeFences.Alto—
gether 102 species and subspecies are found in the Shi Wan Da Shan Mountains.All the fish belong to
six orders.18 families and 65 genera Among them.97 species and subspecies a pure freshwater fi—
shes.belonging to four 0rders.16 families and 61 genera.There are 63 species and subspecies in Cypri—
nifoYnles which account for 64.95%of the total freshwater fish in the area:18 species belong to Perci—
formes which account for 18 56%of the tota1.15 species are in the Siluriformes which account for 15.
46%of the tota1.one species in the Synbranchiformes which accounts for 1.O3%of the tota1.Apparent—
ly,Cypriniformes constitute the main component of the fish fauna in the Shi Wan Da Shan Mountains.
The analysis of average faunal resemblance(AFR)among the different river systems indicates that
great differences of the fish fauna exist between the southern side and northern side.Sixty species and
subspecies are distributed on the northern side,and 78 species and subspecies are on the SOUth side,40
species and subspecies are shared on both sides.and the AFR between both sides is 59.6%.Comparing
基盘项目:奉项研究分剐得蓟中国香港特别行政区嘉道理农场暨植物目、巾国科学院重大项目(B)“广西十万太山动物区系、分布格局与演化 形成机制研究“和国家自然科学基金 基础科学人才培养基金 的资助 收穑日期:20Ol一03 20{修改稿收到日期:2001 09一lI 作者简舟:赵亚辉,男,1975年出生,硕士研究生.主要执事鱼类分类、系统演化和动物地理方面的研究。 ·通讯作者Authortot一 p0nd E·mail地址:fish@p蛐da.L呲盹
c口 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com 4期 赵亚辉等:广西十万大山地区的鱼类区系及其动物地理学分析 337
the fish of the south side to the fish on Hainan Island sixty species and subspecies are shared and the
AFR betweeⅡareas is 67.8%.The above analyses indicate that the fish fauna ofthe south side ofthe Shi
Wan Da Shah Mountains has a much closer relationship to the fish fauna of Hainan Island than to the
Ⅱorth side of the same mountains.It is suggested that the similarity of fish fauna between the south side of
the Shi Wan Da Shan Mountians and Hainan Island iS related to the change of environment during the
Quaterna ̄Ice Age According to the literature.the level of sea descended about 150 meters during that
period and the Beibu Gulf might have been a low continental bridge Mlowing the fishfauna between the
two sides to exchang with each other.
Regionally.the whole fish fauna of the Shi Wan Da Shan Mountains belongs to the South China Re—
gion(SCR)ofthe great Oritental Region,butthefishfauna ofthe south side belongstothe Hainan Sub—
region of SCR and the fish fauna of the northern side belongs to the Pearl River Subregion(SCR).
Key words:Guangxi,Shi Wan Da Shah Mountais,fish rauna,zoogeography
十万大山位于广西西南部,在《广西淡水鱼类
志》(广西壮族自治区水产研究所,中国科学院动物
研究所,1981)和《珠江鱼类志》(郑慈英,1989)中对
于十万大山地区的鱼类有过零星采集记述,地方上
些水产机构也曾结合当地渔业生产对该地区鱼类
做过一些调查,但对该地区鱼类区系组成和动物地
理等问题尚无系统的分析探讨。作者于1998年春
季和1999年夏季分别对十万大山核心区及其周边
的明江干流和南侧支流、钦江干流及其西侧支流、矛
岭江、防城江、北仑河,以及其他一些独流人海或流
经越南汇人北部湾的溪流详细地进行了鱼类资源调
查,获得了大量鱼类标本和其他相关材料。本文主
要依我们的实地调查结果,并结合前人的研究资料,
对十万大山地区鱼类区系组成、鱼类区系成因和动
物地理学等问题进行探讨。
1十万大山地区的自然环境与水系分布特
征
十万大山为一条东北一西南走向的山脉,东北
自钦州市的贵台,西南至中越边境。所属行政区包
括钦州、防城、上思和宁明等市县(图1)。整个区域
约位于2l。38 一22。10 N,107。25 一108。20 E之
问,全长100多公里,宽30—40 km,总面积约2600
km ,平均海拔700~1000 m。总体山势西高东低,
北坡平缓,南坡陡峭。山地有海拔700 m和500 m
的两级古夷平面,是新构造运动时期间歇性抬升所
造成的(广西壮族自治区地方志编纂委员会,
1994)。
十万大山是广西南部重要的气候分界线,南坡
处于迎风坡地带,加上山地的抬升作用,降水量丰 富。北坡处于背风坡,因十万大山对来自海洋的暖
湿气流的阻挡,降水量明显减少,大约只及南坡的三