单元质量评估(五)
(时间：100分钟满分：120分)
第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Music is an international language.The songs that are sung or played by instruments are beautiful to all people everywhere.
Popular mus ic in America is what every student likes.Students carry small radios with earphones and listen to music before class，after class and at lunch.Students with cars buy large speakers(扬声器)and play the music loudly as they drive on the street.
Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work.They also listen to the news about sports，the weather，politics，and activities of the American people.But most of the radio broadcast is music.
Pop or popular music singers make much money.They make a CD or tape which radio stations use in every state.Once the popular singer is heard throughout the country，young people buy his or her tapes.Some of the money from these tapes comes to the singer.Wherever the singer goes，all the young people want to meet him or her.Now the singer has become a national star.
Besides pop music，there are two other kinds of music that is important to Americans.One is called folk music.It tells stories about the common life of Americans.The other is called western or country music.This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching.Today，any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.
Serious music for the concert halls is called classical music.Music for instruments is called orchestra music，such as the symphonies(交响乐)of Beethoven.There is opera for singers，ballet for dancers like the story of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai in China.
【语篇解读】音乐无国界，是人类共同的语言。文章主要介绍了美国的几种音乐。
1．In what way can music be regarded as an international language?
A．Popular music is what everyone enjoys.
B．The wonderful songs are popular with the world people.
C．When music is played，it seems as if it were speaking to us.
D．Music is too popular for everyone to be able to play it.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知“音乐是一种世界性的语言，它为各地的人们所喜欢”。
答案：B
2．What can we know about music and people in America?
A．Adult drivers listen to news as well as music when they drive to work.
B．Adult drivers never listen to music when they drive to work.
C．Student drivers carry small radios with earphones when they drive on the streets.
D．Students always listen to music before class，in class and after class.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句可知A项正确。其他三项描述都不正确。
答案：A
3．Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A．All people in America like popular music.
B．Pop singers can get all the money from the tapes.
C．Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai is a kind of pop music in China.
D．Now，western or country music is a little different from its beginning.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知如今的乡村音乐与过去是不同的。当初它是牛仔唱给牛听的，但现在它是任何关于乡村生活或乡村青年爱情的音乐。
答案：D
4．What's the best title of the passage?
A．International language. B．Music in America.
C．Pop music. D．Music listeners.
解析：主旨大意题。从文中各段的描述看，本文主要讲的是美国的音乐种类。故B项适合做标题。
答案：B
B
This may be music to your ears.
Researchers P Jason Rentfrow and Samuel Gosling gave 3，500 people a personality quiz.Then they asked them to name their favourite kind of music.“We found that the musical styles people like are closely linked to their personalities，”Gosling says.
RAP/HIP－HOP
Known for their quick speech，some rappers can say more than 700 syllables (音节)a minute!
If you like rap/hip－hop，you are energetic(精力充沛的)and have a way with words.You_put_a_fresh_spin_on_things，whether it's new moves on the dance floor or your hip style.
CLASSICAL
In the 18th century，classical musicians were like rock stars.Beethoven and Mozart，for example，played to packed concert halls.
If you like classical，you are open to new ideas and like debating with friends.Creative and imaginative，you can easily spend many hours scrapbooking，writing or painting.
COUNTRY
Country music came from the folk songs of English，Scottish，and Irish settlers of the southeastern United States.
If you like country，you express your opinions well，which makes you the ideal class president or team captain.Traditional and loyal，you enjoy spending time with your family.
POP
Pop music is designed to appeal to(吸引)almost everyone，and it does.Each year，
the industry brings in about 30 billion dollars!
If you like pop，you are attractive to your friends.You can make big things happen，like planning for a huge party or inspiring your team to victory.
ROCK/ALTERNATIVE
In the 1950s，rock music created a brand－new culture.Teenagers，for the first time，had an identity(身份)separate from adults and children.
If you like rock/alternative，you are a risk－taker who never accepts no for an answer.You rise to any challenge，like doing very well in a big exam or in the school play.
If these personality profiles don't match you，that's OK.These are just for fun.
【语篇解读】文章告诉读者，你所欣赏的音乐类型恰恰反映了你的性格。
5．What does the underlined part “You put a fresh spin on things” mean in the passage?
A．You can express your idea in a clever way that makes it seem better than it really is.
B．You have the ability to attract other's attention.
C．You are always willing to communicate with others.
D．You are willin g to express your thought to others all the time.
解析：细节理解题。通过上文“Known for their quick speech”及“have a way with words”可知此种性格的人善于表达自己。
答案：A
6．If you like pop music，________．
A．you are traditional and prefer to stay with your family
B．you are easy to accept new ideas
C．you are welcome and your friends all like to be with you
D．you have a quick speech and can say 30 words in a minute
解析：细节理解题。从文中POP下的第二段第一句：“如果你喜欢流行音乐，你对你朋友就很有吸引力。”可知答案。
答案：C
7．We can know from this passage that ________．
A．in the 18th century，classical musicians were like pop stars
B．country music came from the folk songs of the Native Americans
C．pop music is liked by the largest number of people in the world
D．everyone can find his personality in this passage
解析：推理判断题。从第四段第一句可知A错误；从第六段可知乡村音乐不是起源于土著美国人的民歌，故B错误；从文章的最后一段可知D错误；从第八段第一句可知C正确。
答案：C
8．What's the best title for the passage?
A．When music came into being.
B．What your favourite music says about you.
C．Some basic information about music.
D．How to like music.
解析：主旨大意题。第一段即揭示主题，调查研究发现人们对音乐类型的爱好反映了一个人的性格，故选B。
答案：B
C
It seems sometimes that the world is full of people who are mad for instant，no－effort，success.Khalil Fong，the singer and musical genius from Hong Kong，is not one of them.Fong prefers to let things follow their own pace.
This quiet young man，who can surprise an interviewer with his dark humour，has sat and waited for the world to catch up with him.Now，the once unknown Mando(华
语)－pop singer is getting his dues.
“It's rare for me to think about the world's opinion when I write a song，”said Fong.The musician，who is often described as Hong Kong's answer to Jay Chou，typically wears smart dark suits and his signature pilot's glasses.“I focus on what I want to express and try to make it pleasing to my heart and ear.”
Recently Fong released Timeless，an album(专辑)of classic foreign and Chinese songs that have influenced him，such as Stevie Wonder's You Are the Sunshine of My Life.
Born in Hawaii，Fong grew up listening to black soul classic.He says he'd like to do for that tradition what Jay Chou has done for R&B music.
This may be a challenge for Fong，since today soul is only popular among a minority(少数)of people.But he says he doesn't think people care much about his musical “bag”．“If they let their emotions speak，listeners will love my music.Nobody got Jay's R&B at first，but now almost everybody likes it，”he said.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇人物介绍。介绍了香港歌手方大同的一些信息及音乐风格。
9．What is one of the problems that Khalil Fong is facing now?
A．No one likes his music.
B．Mando－pop singers are unknown in the world.
C．He was born in Hawaii and can't speak Chinese.
D．Most of the listeners are not interested in soul music.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，方大同所面临的一个问题是只有少数人喜欢他的灵魂音乐，所以他不知道他的专辑是否受到人们的欢迎。D项与此相符。
答案：D
10．The reason why Fong likes soul music is that ________．
A．he was an American
B．he wishes to learn from Jay Chou
C．he listened to bl ack soul classics from his childhood
D．he wants to have this kind of music passed down
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，方大同是听着黑人灵魂音乐长大的。由此可知，方大同是因为从小受这种音乐的熏陶才喜欢它的。
答案：C
11．From the last sentence in the last paragraph，we know that Khalil Fong ________．
A．believes he will succeed like Jay Chou in the future
B．believes the bad can be changed into the good
C．thinks people accept new things step by step
D．likes Jay Chou's R&B very much
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知如果听众尽情释放自己的情感的话，他们会喜欢方大同的音乐的。再结合最后一句可知方大同相信自己将来会像周杰伦一样受到听众们的喜爱。
答案：A
D
When Beethoven was in his twenties，he began to go deaf.The deafness changed his behaviour(行为)．He became withdrawn(孤僻的)and tempered.His friends found him hard to be around. But he kept composing even when he lost all his hearing.The music he heard was in his head.
As 1809 drew to its close，Beethoven gave several main works.On the 22nd of December，he gave a concert which included the Fifth Symphony(交响乐) and the Emperor Concerto(协奏曲)．In May 1809 Haydn died.There was no one to challenge Beethoven's right to be the musical king of Vienna.At the end of 1813，the Seventh Symphony was performed for the first time.Between 1819 and 1823 he composed the Ninth Symphony and some more piano sonatas(鸣奏曲)．
Beethoven died when he was 57 years old.He had composed over a hundred pieces.His music spanned(跨越)two stages of music history.His early music was more formal.It followed certain steps and patterns(模式)．But his later music changed.The style is now called romantic music.This type of music is written to stir the listener s' feelings.This romantic style changed the way people thought about music.Many later composers got new ideas from his musical discoveries.
【语篇解读】失聪改变了贝多芬的生活，失聪后的贝多芬改变了他自己创造音乐的风格，他的风格开创了一个音乐的新时代。
12．When Beethoven was in his twenties，he ________．
A．lost his friends B．became angry easily
C．became famous D．lost his hearing
解析：推理判断题。信息在第一段首句“When Beeth oven was in his twenties，he began to go deaf.”(贝多芬在20多岁时开始变聋)。
答案：D
13．His later music is called ________ music.
A．classical B．natural
C．romantic D．formal
解析：细节理解题。信息在最后一段“But his later music changed.The style is now called romantic music.”由此可知C项正确。
答案：C
14．According to the passage，Beethoven was a ________．
A．king of Vienna
B．great composer
C．very easy man to get on with
D．music fan
解析：推理判断题。信息在最后一段，尤其从“He had composed over a hundred pieces.”可以看出贝多芬是个伟大的作曲家。
答案：B
15．We can infer from the passage that Beethoven ________．
A．felt very happy when Haydn died
B．took the place of Haydn when he died
C．became completely deaf in 1809
D．gave several main works at the end of 1809
解析：推理判断题。D项是事实，不属推断；B项由文中第二段第三、四句可以推出：海顿去世后，贝多芬被公认为是维也纳的音乐之王。
答案：B
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The benefits of listening to music
Whether you like Beethoven or Mozart，there is one thing I think we can all agree on：music makes life better.
16____
Listening to music can reduce stress(压力)
A lot of us may turn to relaxing music when we are feeling stressed or tired.A recent research shows that slow，quiet classical music is suggested to have the most exciting effect.____17____ Or listening to a relaxing，classical－style movie soundtrack can also help you reduce stress.
Listening to music can improve your memory(记忆力)
The interesting part about the research is that it shows music helps your brain
develop in many areas，one of the most important being your memory.____18____ 19____
Do you work out？Have you always felt like you perform better when you listen to music？Strange as it might seem，there has actually been a lot of research done on this subject.And sure enough，one study shows that music can increase endurance(耐力)by 15%.____20____However，another study suggests that it's not the type of music，but rather the speed of the music—the beats per minute—that matter.
A．Listening to music can make you healthier.
B．Listening to music can improve endurance.
C．The followings are some benefits of listening to music for us humans.
D．So if you have a hard time dealing with stress，listening to some classical songs could be a good idea.
E．So if you're troubled by a bad memory，learning to play an instrument is something you should consider.
F．One of my biggest regrets these days is that I never actually tried to learn to play the piano properly.
G．One theory is that listening to a classical piece helps you focus，which in turn allows you to persevere longer.
答案：16.C 17.D 18.E 19.B 20.G
第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
There was a man playing the piano in a bar.He was a good piano player.People ____21____out just to hear him play.But one ____22____，a customer told him he didn't want to hear him just play any more.He wanted him to sing a song.
The man said，“I don't sing.”
But the customer was ____23____．He told the bartender(酒吧男招待)，“I'm ____24____ listening to the piano.I want that guy to sing！”
The bartender ____25____across the room，“Hey！If you want to get ____26____，sing a song.The customers are ____27____ you to sing！”
So he did.He sang a song.A piano player who had ____28____sung in public did so for the ____29____first time.And ____30____had ever heard the song Mona Lisa sung the way it was sung by Nat King Cole!
He had talent he was sitting on！He may have lived the rest of his life as a no name____31____player in a no name bar，but ____32____ he had to sing，he went on to____33____one of the best known ____34____ in America.
You，too，have skills and abilities.You may not feel as if your “talent” is ____35____ great，but it may be ____36____ than you think！And with persistence(坚持)，most skills can be ____37____．You may as well have no ability at all，____38____，if you sit on whatever talent you poss ess！The better questio n is not “What ability do I have that is ____39____？”It is rather “How will I____40____whatever ability I have？”
【语篇解读】一个钢琴师在顾客的强烈要求下唱了一首歌，结果一炮走红，成了著名的歌手。这告诉我们，我们要积极地开发自身的一些能力，其能量有可能超过我们自己的想象。
21．A.came B．ran
C．walked D．looked
解析：人们出来只是为了听他弹钢琴。
答案：A
22．A.day B．night
C．morning D．afternoon
解析：由生活常识可知，酒吧通常在“晚上”营业。A项太笼统。
答案：B
23．A.happy B．surprised
C．sad D．insistent
解析：由but及下面这位顾客的话可知，顾客“坚持”让他唱歌。
答案：D
24．A.fond of B．good at
C．tired of D．looking forward to
解析：根据上文“he didn't want to hear him just play any more”可知，他已经“厌倦”了(be tired of)听钢琴演奏。be fond of“喜欢”；be good at“擅长”；look forward to“盼望”。
答案：C
25．A.shouted B．suggested
C．encouraged D．comforted
解析：根据后面“across the room”可知是“大声喊”。
答案：A
26．A.fired B．hired C．paid D．lost
解析：get paid“得到报酬”。fire(解雇)与hire(雇，租)与语境不符；D项get lost 意为“迷路”，不合逻辑。
答案：C
27．A.telling B．ordering
C．asking D．persuading
解析：根据上文可知顾客要求(ask)他唱歌。tell“告诉”；order“命令”；persuade“劝服”，皆不符合句意。
答案：C
28．A.seldom B．never
C．always D．sometimes
解析：由下文“for the...first time”可知他“从没有”当众唱过歌。
答案：B
29．A.very B．so C．yet D．therefore
解析：very在此处为加强语气，强调这确实是第一次。
答案：A
30．A.somebody B．anybody
C．everybody D．nobody
解析：“没有人”曾经听过这首歌曲用这种方式被演唱的。
答案：D
31．A.song B．piano C．violin D．music
解析：由首段第二句“He was a good piano player”可知他是个钢琴师。
答案：B
32．A.because B．when
C．as soon as D．after
解析：他之所以走上唱歌这条路，是因为有人坚持让他唱歌，所以选A项。
答案：A
33．A.grow B．train C．become D．teach
解析：由钢琴师转变成歌手。因此用become。
答案：C
34．A.pianists B．singers
C．musicians D．millionaires
解析：他继续唱直到成为最有名的歌手之一。
答案：B
35．A.especially B．particularly
C．specially D．highly
解析：particularly表示“特别地”，侧重特点。especially意为“尤其”，表示程度；specially意为“专门”，表示种类或目的；highly意为“高度地”。
答案：B
36．A.worse B．less C．more D．b etter
解析：由上文可知，此处表示可能比你想象得“还要好”。
答案：D
37．A.learned B．mastered
C．improved D．found
解析：只要坚持不懈，大部分技巧是可以“提高”的。
答案：C
38．A.besides B．however
C．in other words D．after all
解析：此处前后句为转折关系，因此选B项however。
答案：B
39．A.real B．special C．useful D．best
解析：“真正的”才能。
答案：A
40. A．use B．accept C．believe D．get
解析：句意为“我将怎样运用我所具备的能力？”
答案：A
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
W：So Mr Brown，this is your bed，and as you can see，there are three other beds in the ward.Have you 41.________(get) everything you need?
M：Yes，madam，I think 42.________．I followed the hospital's advice，and I've only brought a few 43.________(belong) with me.
W：Good，you can see the reasons 44.________ we ask you to do that，the cupboard is 45.________(real)very small.
M：Yes.madam，can you tell me what the visiting hours are?
W：Yes，of course.They are in the afternoon from 2：30 to 4：30 and in the evening from 7：00 46.________8：00，but remember that only two people can see you at the same time.
M：I see.What other rules are there?
W：Yes.We start pretty early.We wake you at 6 o'clock，and breakfast is at 8 o'clock，lunch is at noon，there is tea at 3：30，and supper is at 6 o'clock.
M：Oh，that's very 47.________(difference) from what I have been used to.You'd better tell me the rest of the rules here.
W：Yes.Well，you can see the no 48.________(smoke) sign.We don't allow smoking in the wards，and the same 49.________(go) for alcohol.However，if you 50.________(need) to smoke，there are special rooms.
M：Oh，I don't smoke，so it doesn't affect me.
W：Good.
答案：41.got/gotten42.so43.belongings44.why45.really46.to 47.different 48.smoking 49.goes 50.do need
第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)画掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When Mr and Mrs Smith went to theatre，they left their German dog to guard his home.When two burglars broke into and the burglar alarm rang，the dog was waiting for them.Unfortunately，one of the burglars was dog－lover，and he quickly made friends with it.While the alarm was ringing，but the burglars were stealing cash and jewelry，worth over $10，000 from a safe，the dog laid down in his basket and went to sleep.When the police arrived at twenty minutes later，the burglars had gone.The dog was proudly guarded the empty safe.When the first policeman entered into the room，it immediately attacked him，tearing his trouser s and bit him in the leg.
答案：
When Mr and Mrs Smith went to theatre，they left their German dog to guard
his their home.When two burglars broke into in
and the burglar alarm rang ，the dog was waiting for them.Unfortunately ，one of the burglars was dog －lover ，and he
quickly made friends with it.While the alarm was ringing ，but and
the burglars were stealing cash and jewelry ，worth over $10，000 from a safe1，the dog laid lay
down in his basket and went to sleep.When the police arrived twenty minutes later ，
the burglars had gone.The dog was proudly guarded guarding
the empty safe.When the first policeman entered the room ，it immediately attacked him ，tearing his trousers
and bit biting
him in the leg. 第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假设你是李华，想与来自本校不同班级的两名男生和两名女生组建一支乐队。你们几个都喜欢流行音乐和现代舞蹈，但是你们有好多问题没有解决，请你就这些问题给知名音乐人Mr Cousins 发一封电子邮件，寻求帮助。你们的问题如下：
1．初期演唱的歌曲宜多样还是一种风格？
2．每周末排练是否足够？
3．怎样获得较多的表演机会？
4．希望他能为乐队取个名字。
注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.注意书写整洁流畅。 _______________________________________________________
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答案：
Dear Mr Cousins ，
Since you are a well －known musician ，I'm writing this e －mail to ask you for some advice on how to form a band.
I ，together with two boys and two girls from different classes in our school ，want to form a band. We are all fond of pop music and modern dance ，but we still have many problems to solve.I'd like to know whether we should play one kind of music or different styles to start with.And is it enough to practise only at wee kends ？
How can we get more chances to perform？In addition，we'd appreciate it if you would come up with a name for our band.
Thanks for your considering our above questions，Mr Cousins.I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第3课新民主主义革命（下）：抗日战争与解放战争 1.1937年,日本扶植的伪满洲国实施第一个五年计划,起始投资26亿“满洲国元”,1938年又扩充至50亿“满洲国元”,使得伪满洲国的生铁产量达到500万吨、钢材产量200万吨、电力260万千瓦。日本上述行径的目的是( ) A.封锁抗日根据地经济B.转移本土过剩的产能 C.掠夺沦陷区战略资源 D.消耗伪满政权的实力 答案：C。根据材料“伪满洲国的生铁产量达到500万吨、钢材产量200万吨、电力260万千瓦”,结合所学知识可知,日本通过掠夺沦陷区各种战略资源,扶持发展各项重工业,满足日本战争机器侵略中国乃至在世界范围内发动更大规模侵略战争的需求,故C符合题意 2.日军侵华的罪行,有制造大屠杀与惨案(如南京大屠杀),有放火与轰炸(如重庆大轰炸),有细菌毒气战(如731部队)等。现在我国各地建立有关日军暴行的纪念馆,就保存了大量真实的史料。这表明( ) A.抗战相持阶段日军罪孽深重 B.日本政府承认在华所犯罪行 C.抗日民族统一战线的必要性 D.日军侵华罪行累累不容忘记 答案：D 题干中“南京大屠杀”是在抗日战争防御阶段发生的,故A项错误;题干中未提及日本政府的态度问题,故B项错误;题干未提及国民党、中国共产党等抗日力量的精诚合作问题,故C项错误;题干反映了针对日军侵华的罪行,“现在我国各地建立有关日军暴行的纪念馆,就保存了大量真实的史料”说明日军侵华罪行累累不容忘记,故D项正确。 3.抗日战争胜利40周年时,邮政总局发行邮票2枚:“卢沟桥抗日”“战斗在长城内外”;抗日战争胜利50周年时邮政总局发行邮票8枚:“七七战火”“台儿庄大捷”“百团大战”“敌后游击战”“芒友会师”“华侨捐献”“台湾光复”“伟大胜利”。两套邮票相比,后者( ) A.突出中国共产党是全民族抗战的中流砥柱 B.强调了美苏两国对中国抗战的援助 C.肯定了国民党正面战场的历史作用 D.呈现了抗战中不同力量的历史地位
Unit 1 Cultural relics I. 单元教学目标 II. 目标语言
II. 教材分析与教材重组 1. 教材分析 本单元以cultural relics为话题，旨在通过单元教学使学生了解世界文化遗产，学会描述它们的起源，发展和保护等方面的情况，复习并掌握定语从句，能就如何保护和处理世界文化遗产给出自己的观点。 1.1 Warming up热身部分提供了四幅图片，设计了三个问题让学生交流对于cultural relic的了解，并就此进行讨论。这部分的目的是呈现本单元的中心话题“文化遗产”。 1.2 Pre-reading是Reading的热身部分，提供了ambers的图片并就此此设计了两个问题。这两个问题极易引起学生对amber的兴趣，并能引导学生对课文进行prediction。 1.3 Reading是关于寻找丢失了的普鲁士国王威廉一世送给俄罗斯沙皇的那个琥珀房子的建立、转让、被毁、重建的整个历史。设计这篇文章的目的是让学生了解什么是文化遗产以及讨论保护和重建文化从文化遗产的重要性和必要性。 1.4 Comprehending既有知识性的问题，同时又跳出了课文，对文章进行整体评价，由易到难，有较好的梯度，全面考查学生对文章的理解。Exercise 1将人物及相关事件匹配，检验学生对文章细节的理解；Exercise 2 将所给的问题与段落匹配，是段落大意理解题；Exercise 3安排了对于重建lost cultural relics的意义进行讨论，使得学生能对本单元的主题进行较为深入的探讨。 1.5 Learning about language 分Discovering useful words and expressions 和Discovering useful structures两部分。其中第一部分的Exercise 1着重训练对英语单词解释的理解。Exercise 2 着重词汇在短文中的用法练习。要求学生按所给的语境填入所需的词汇。Exercise 3 专练belong to的词义和用法。在Discovering useful structures 中，分为四个练习，从课文中出现的定语从句入手，让学生自主学习限定性定语从句及非限定性定语从句的联系和区别。再通过连句练习和造句练习来巩固本次所学定语从句的内容。 1.6 Using language分Reading and Listening、Speaking 及Reading and writing 三部分。以不同的学习形式：听、说、读、写，从不同的角度围绕本单元的目标
Unit 1 Friendship 1. 合计_____________________________________; 3. 不得不；必须______________________________; 5. 遛狗_____________________________________; 7. 记下；放下________________________________; 9. 故意_____________________________________; 11. 在黄昏时刻______________________________; 13. 不再…___________________________________; 15. 从…中恢复过来___________________________; 17. 将…装箱打包_____________________________; 19. 相爱；爱上_______________________________; 21. 参加；加入_______________________________; 23. 松开了__________________________________; 25. 付钱；付款；买单__________________________; 27. 对(某人)重要_____________________________; 29. 笑话；取笑（某人）_________________________; 31. 在日记中________________________________; 33. 对…着迷；迷恋____________________________; 35. 深蓝色的天空____________________________; 37. 太多____________________________________; 39. 在楼上__________________________________; 41. 肮脏的窗帘______________________________; 43. 记日记；写日记___________________________; 45. 绑起来__________________________________; 47. 在公路上________________________________; 49. 说…的闲话；______________________________; 51. 与…交朋友_______________________________; 53. 给…一些建议_____________________________; 55. 过去的事件______________________________; 57. 试一试；尝试一下_________________________; 59. settle____________________________________; 2. 使…镇静下来______________________________; 4. 关心；挂念________________________________; 6. 经历；经受________________________________; 8. 一连串的；一系列的_______________________; 10. 为了____________________________________; 12. 面对面地________________________________; 14. 遭受…___________________________________; 16. 对…厌烦_________________________________; 18. 与…相处；进展____________________________; 20. 对（某人）表示感激________________________; 22. 度假____________________________________; 24. 被车撞了________________________________; 26. 考试作弊________________________________; 28. 最深的感受______________________________; 30. 在二战中________________________________; 32. 在藏身之处______________________________; 34. 与自然有关______________________________; 36. 保持醒着________________________________; 38. 碰巧____________________________________; 40. 下楼____________________________________; 42. 积满灰尘的窗子__________________________; 44. 列一个单，列出___________________________; 46. 没注意到________________________________; 48. 与…有麻烦；有矛盾________________________; 50. 与人交流________________________________; 52. 改变这种状况____________________________; 54. 喜欢与不喜欢的事情______________________; 56. 表达你的感受与想法______________________; 58. concern__________________________________; 60. tip______________________________________;
人民版高中历史必修一专题三测评卷 命题人：湖北省英山县二程希望中学付越 一．选择题（共25题，共50分） 1.关于中国新民主主义革命，下列说法正确的是（） A.以反封建反帝为目标 B.始于1840年鸦片战争 C.1945年取得胜利 D.领导阶级是民族资产阶级 2.台湾马英九办公室内有一间类似于清朝军机处一样的密室。清朝军机处内景的墙上挂着咸丰帝（1850年---1861年在位）所书的“喜报红升”四字匾额。据此下列推断最有可能符合历史史实的是（） A.马英九试图实行君主专制 B.咸丰帝为用兵西北始设军机处 C.“喜报红升”与八国联军侵华有关 D.“喜报红升”与太平天国运动有关 3.1964年董必武来动浙江某地，挥诗一首“革命声传画舫中，诞生共党庆工农。重来正直清明节，烟雨迷蒙访旧踪。”该地是（） A.绍兴东湖 B.杭州西湖 C.嘉兴南湖 D.宁波东钱湖 4.下列表述不正确的是（） A.太平天国运动是一场反封建反侵略的农民运动 B.辛亥革命结束了中国两千多年的封建君主专制制度 C.五四运动是中国民主主义革命的开端 D.1949年4月，人民解放军占领南京，国民政府覆灭 5.山东省某中学进行学生爱国主义教育，放映了一部电影，其中有这样的一组镜头：青年高呼着“废除二十一条”“拒绝在合约上签字”等口号在街头进行示威。请你推测影片中学生斗争的主要对象应是（） A.清政府 B.北洋军阀政府 C.国民党反动政府 D.美帝国主义 6.以下是由某学校史学社创作的“湖北地区文物古迹系列门劵”的部分名称，其中反映新民主主义革命历史的是（） A.《太平天国西征纪念馆门劵》 B.《辛亥首义旧址门劵》 C.《八七会议旧址门劵》 D.《湖北军政府旧址门劵》 7.著名作家魏巍写过一部名为《地球的红飘带》的小说，描写了中国近代一支军队转战南北的英雄事迹。据所学知识判断，这里的“红飘带”应是（） A.井冈山革命根据地的游击战 B.红军长征 C.八路军敌后抗战 D.秋收起义进军井冈山 8.在辛亥革命的下列成果中，能反映中国近代民主政治走上新台阶的是（） A.推翻“洋人的朝廷”，客观上打击了帝国主义势力 B.颁布《临时约法》，开始民主宪政的历程 C.按“分权与制衡”的原则建立新的政权机构 D.结束了中国两千多年的君主专制制度 9.某同学在一次研究性学习活动中，阅读和利用了以下文章或书籍：（1）《五四旋风》（2）井冈山道路的探索》（3）《中国政府正式对日德意宣战》（4）《从延安到北平》据此推断，该同学的研究性课题最有可能是（） A.《抗日战争》 B.《人民解放战争》 C.《新民主主义革命的崛起和胜利》 D.《伟大的战略转移》 10.南昌起义，淮海战役，渡江战役等纪念馆展示的共同主题是() A.革命根据地的壮大 B.人民政权不断巩固 C.广大农民支援革命 D.民主革命走向胜利
Practice makes perfect! 高一英语 Book 2Unit 1 Cultural relics 1.survive 幸免；幸存；生还（survival 幸存 , survivor 幸存者） 2.in search of 寻找 (介词短语 ) search for sth 寻找 (动词短语 ) search sb/ sp 搜身 /搜某地 3.to one's amazement 令人惊讶的是(amazed 感到惊讶的 , amazing 令人惊讶的 ) 4.select 精选 ,choose 普通选择 ,elect 选举 5.be designed for sb/sth 计划或打算给某人 /某物用 be designed to do sth 设计目的是做某事 by design=on purpose 有意地 (by chance/ accident 偶然 /意外地 ) 6.fancy 奇特的；异样的；想象/喜欢（ +doing ） 7. decorate sth with sth用...装饰... be decorated with被装饰; 8.belong to 属于不用于被动结构、完成时和进行时态 9.worth 值得的；相当于的价值；值钱的 be +worth +doing ( 主动形式表被动含义) It is really/well/very much worth doing. be worthy of being done= be worthy of to be done It is worthwhile doing/to do 10.doubt 怀疑；疑惑There is no doubt that.... 毫无疑问 .... doubt 作动词时，用在肯定句中通常后面接whether 或 if 引导的名词性从句，在否定或疑 问句中通常后接that 引导的名词性从句 She doubted whether/if the story was true.; Do you doubt that he can do the work well? 11.in return 作为报答；回报（in turn 依次 / 反过来 , in return for sth作为对的回报 12.remain 保存，保留 ,任然 ; remain a mystery任然是个迷; remain at home ; remain to be done 有待于被 ...remain beautiful 13.at war 处于交战状态“ at+n.”处于某种状态 14. think highly/ well / much of看重；器重;对评价高( think poorly / ill / badly of对评价不高） ---被动 : be highly thought of 15 否定词 / 否定介词短语位于句首时,主句用部分倒装( 参见优化P16) Unit 2 The Olympic Games https://www.doczj.com/doc/df1204173.html,pete with/against sb(for sth) 与某人（为某事物）竞争 compete in参加..比赛/竞争(competitor 竞赛者 ; competition 竞赛 ) 2.take part in sth 参与，参加 (较大型活动 ), take part 不接宾语take an active part in 积极参加( join 参加组织机构并成为其中一员,join in 参加游戏或小型活动, attend 出席会议 ,讲座 ,上课 ,婚礼 ; ) join sb( in doing)加入某人(一起做) 3.stand for( 字母或符合 )代表，象征，表示; stand by 袖手旁观 ; stand out 突出，显眼 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df1204173.html,ed to do sth 过去常常做 ; be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做; 5.be used to do sth 被用来做某事 6.be admitted to /into 被 ....接受 /录取admit (to)doing sth承认做了某事 7.as well 也，又，还 (句末 ); as well as 和 (谓语形式取决前面名词)，与 ...一样好 8.replace by/with用...替换/取代=take the place of， be in place of ， 9.take one's place 10.in charge of 主管 / 负责 ; in the charge of 被 /由主管 / 负责 charge sb some money for sth 因某事（物）收某人钱 charge sb with (doing) sth控诉某人做某事; free of charge 免费
UNIT 1 Anne’s best friend 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担 心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？ 安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她 最好的朋友。安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一 家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹 抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了二十五个月之后才被发现。在这段时间里， 她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在 日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称 作基蒂”。 安妮从1942年七月起就躲藏在那里了，现在来看看他当时 的心情吧。 1944年6月15日，星期四 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一 切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛 蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自 从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 …比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到 11点半故意不睡 觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打 开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼 上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆 黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这 是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚… 不幸的是……我只能透过那满是灰尘的窗帘下那脏兮兮的窗 户看看大自然。只能隔着窗户看那大自然实在没意思，因为大自 然是需要真正体验的东西。 Using Language 亲爱的王小姐： 现在我同班上的同学有些麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处的很好。我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意互相帮助。我们成了真正好朋友。可是，其他同学却在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是，我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？
PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY 地理之谜 人们也许觉得奇怪，为什么用来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家的词语不太一样。但如果你学过英国历史，就能弄清楚这个问题。 首先是英格兰。威尔士于13世纪同英格兰联合了起来。如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士总是包括在内的。接着，英格兰、威尔士同苏格兰于17世纪联合了起来，名字就改成了“大不列颠”。令人庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时，这三个国家和平地实现了联合。最后，英国政府打算于20世纪初把爱尔兰也同另外三个国家和平联合起来以形成联合王国。然而，爱尔兰的南部却不愿组建联合王国，它分离出去，并建立了自己的政府。因此只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰联合起来，而组成了联合王国，这一点从新的联合王国国旗上就可以看得出来。 值得赞扬的是，这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作，例如在货币和国际关系方面;但是有些制度仍然区别很大。例如，北爱尔兰、英格兰和苏格兰在教育体制和立法体制上都存在着差异。在参加像世界杯之类的比赛时，它们有着各自的足球队。在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为了方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。最靠近法国的那个地区叫做英格兰南部，中部地区叫做英格兰中部，最靠近苏格兰的那个地区叫做英格兰北部。你可以看到英国的大部分人口聚居在南部，而多数大工业城市都位于中部和北部。尽管，英国任何一个城市都不像中国的城市那样大，但是他们都有着自己的享有威名的足球队，有的城市甚至还有两个队。很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。要找历史性建筑你得去更古老的、比较小些的由古罗马人建造的城镇。在那儿你才可能找到更多的有关英国历史和文化的东西。 最具历史意义的宝地是伦敦。那儿有博物馆，有艺术珍品、剧院、公园和各种建筑物。它是全国的政治中心。它有公元一世纪由罗马人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格鲁——撒
新课标高中英语必修二教案合集Unit 1 Cultural relics Part One: Teaching Design （第一部分：教学设计） Period 1: A sample lesson plan for Reading (IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM) Aims： To read about cultural relics To learn about The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause I. Warming up Warming up by defining Good morning, class. This period we are going to read about IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM. Before our reading, I’d like to know: A.What kind of old things are cultural relics? Are all the old things cultural relics? B.What is the definition and classification of cultural relics? C.To whom do cultural relics belong? Keys for reference: A. Cultural relics are physical remainders of what different peoples valued in the past and continue to value now. It can also be said that cultural relics are more than works of art, they are symbols of history and the people who lived in the past. B. No, not all the old objects are cultural relics. C. Each kind of relics preserves some aspect of cultural heritage and each relic is still a unique cultural expression and contributions. D. In a larger sense, it can be said that all the cultural relics belong to all peoples and whole societies, not a certain individual. Warming up by presenting Hi, everyone. Let’s look at the screen. I’ll present yo u some pictures. They all
Teaching Plan Unit1 Friendship 教材人教版高中英语必修一 试讲者李瑶单位新疆师范大学 适用年级高中一年级单元第一单元 课题Anne’s Best Friend 课时共五课时，第二课时 （ Reading） 一．教材分析 Analysis of the Teaching Materials This unit is the first unit of the senior English studying which talks about friendship.As for the students, at the beginning of senior school life, making new friends is one of important things for them now,so the topic of this unit is appropriate at the present time. It can easily stimulate students’interests in English learning and help students think how to choose friends and the meaning of the friendship. The reading passage is the center of the unit. It mainly talks about the Anna , a Jewish girl , during the world war II, regarded the diary as her best friend to express her happiness, sorrow and missing to her hometown. 二．学情分析 Analysis of the Students As the students, grade1of senior high school,they have the basic abilities of listening,speaking,reading and writing,but they still need more chances to practice what they have learnt and improve their ability of communicating with others and expressing their ideas fluently and accurately. Meanwhile,it is also necessary to develop their autonomous learning ability and cooperative learning ability, as well cultivate the awareness of cultural differences. 三. 教学目标 Teaching Aims 1.Knowledge Objectives 1.Get students to know the main content of this article. 2.Learn about the formats of a diary. 2.Ability Objectives 1.Develop their reading ability and learn to use some reading strategies such as guessing, key sentences, skimming and so on. 2.Summarize different paragraphs. 3.Emotion Objectives
文档贡献：smysl 必修一 Unit 1 Friendship 1)be good to 对….友好 2)add up 合计 3)get sth done 使…被做 4)calm down 镇定下来 5)have got to 不得不 6)be concerned about 关心；挂念 7)make a list of 列出 8)share sth with sb 和某人分享某物 9)go through 经历；仔细检查 10)hide away 躲藏；隐藏 11)set down 放下；记下 12) a series of 一系列；一套 13)be crazy about 对…着迷 14)on purpose 故意 15)in order to/ so as to 为了 16)face to face 面对面地 17)according to 按照；根据…所说 18)get along with 与…相处 19)pack up 收拾，打理行装 20)have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见； 做…有困难 21)fall in love 相爱 22)try out 试验；试用 23)join in 参加（活动） 24)communicate with sb 和…交留 25)look to sth 注意，留心某事 26)cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物 27)have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的 习惯 28)be ignorant of 无知的 Unit2 English around the world 1)in…ways 在…方面 2)be different from 与…不同 3)play a role/ part (in) 在…中起作用;扮 演一个角色；参与 4)play an important role/part在..中起重要 作用 5)because of 因为；由于 6)such as 例如 7)come up (vi) 走进；上来；发生；被讨 论 8)come up with 提出e 9)at the end of 在…末期 10)even if/ though 即使 11)be based on 在...基础上 12)close to 距离…近 13)make (good/ full) use of （好好/充分） 利用 14)change…into 把…变成 15)the same…as 与…相同的 16)at present 目前 17)as a rule 通常；照例 18)be present at 在席；出席 19)carry out a rule 执行规则 20)be absent from 缺席 21)provide sth to sb / provide sb with sth给 某人提供某物 22)at sb’s request 应某人的要求 23)have a command of掌握 24)give commands 命令 25)request that …(should)+v原形 26)in one direction 朝一个方向 27)as we know 正如我们所知 Unit3 Travel Journal 1)dream of/ about doing sth 梦想做某事 2)graduate from 从…毕业 3)persuade sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事 4)get sb interested in 使某人对… 感兴趣 5)insist on (one’s) sth/ doing sth 一定要； 坚持要 6)the best way of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好办法 7)attitude to/ toward(s) 对…态度 8)care about 忧虑，关心care for喜欢， 照顾 9)change one’s mind 改变主意 10)to my mind = in my opinion我的观点 11)make up one’s mind to do 决心干某事
高一必修二Unit2 学案 一．New words 1. ancient adj in ancient times mod_ _ _ 现代的me___al 金属 mod_ _ 模型、me___al 奖章 eg: We were impressed by the ruins of an ______ building. 2. compete vi. 竞争、比赛(+with/against/for) 表示“为了争得名次、奖金，合同等”，不含将对手征服之意。 eg: We can _ ________ with the best teams. (事物)媲美,比得上[(+with)] My handwriting cannot ________ with his. compe__________ u/c compe_________ c 竞争者 compe_________ adj 具有竞争力的 填空 The children _________ against each other to reach the other end of the pool. 区别：complete 3. take part in take an active part in How many countries took part in the last Olympic Games? [短语] have／play a part(in sth) for the most part多半；通常 [练习] 他母亲总是护着他。 His mother always takes his part. 区别 take part in : 指参加群众性活动等，重在说明主语参加该项活动并在其中
高中历史必修一知识框架 专题一古代中国的政治制度 【知识结构】 本专题主要讲述我国古代政治制度的演变，可分为两大阶段：夏商周时期的早期政治制度（课本第1课）；秦朝以来的中央集权制度的确立、演进和强化（课本第2、3、4课）。 中央集权制度构成有三个部分：皇帝制度、中央行政制度、地方行政制度，该制度下包含二大基本矛盾：皇权与相权的矛盾；中央与地方的矛盾。概括掌握中央集权制度发展的历程。在掌握上述史实的基础上概括和理解中央集权制度发展的两大趋势（特点）：相权日益分散削弱，君权日益加强；地方权力日益分散削弱，中央权力日益加强。 夏朝：“家天下”制度的形成 商朝：实行宗法制、神权与王权的密切结合 ①背景： 早期政治制度②内容： (夏商周时期) (1)分封制③主要封国 ④诸侯的权利和义务概括早期政治制度的特点 西周政治制度⑤影响： ①含义： (2)宗法制②特点： ③影响： (1)前提：秦的统一。（要求：掌握秦统一的过程和意义） ①皇帝制：特点、地位 确立 (2)确立②三公九卿制和“朝议”制度：三公名称及职权、评价 (秦) ③郡县制：由来、内容、意义。 (3)比较西周分封制和秦朝郡县制 古 代①汉朝：频繁换相、中外朝制度 中②唐朝：三省六部制、政事堂设立； 国（1）中央行政③宋朝：中书门下、枢密院、三司 的制度变化④元朝：中书省、宣政院 政⑤明朝：废丞相、设内阁。 治⑥清朝：设置军机处 制演进与强化①秦朝：郡县制 度中央集权制度（汉至清）②汉朝：汉初，郡国并行，东汉末，州、郡、县 (秦朝至清朝) （2）地方行政③唐朝：道、州、县 制度变化④宋朝：路、州、县 ⑤元朝：行省(行省制度)、路、府、州、县 ⑥明清：沿用行省设置。 （3）古代中央政治制度和地方行政制度演变的特点（发展趋势） ①秦：中央：御史大夫；地方：监御史； ②两汉：中央：御史大夫；地方：设刺史 （1）监察体制完善③唐：御史台 ④宋：提点刑狱司 制度保障⑤元明：元朝设有御史台，明朝改为都察院 ①世官制：含义 （2）选官制度变化②察举制：含义、发展、特征 ③科举制：含义、创立、评价。 专制主义中央集权制度强化对中国社会发展的影响：
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结 Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加（某个活动）；take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.）much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。 例：Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规则 （一）陈述句的变化规则 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。 人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思 例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.”→He said that he liked it very much. 2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.” →He told me that he had left his book in my room. 时态的变化
必修五Unit 2 PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY地理之谜 unite vi. &vt.联合；团结 the United Kingdom联合王国（英）consist vi.组成；一致 consist of 由…组成 divide …into…把…分成 puzzle n.难题；迷vt.使迷惑debate vi. & n. 争论；辩论clarify vt.澄清；阐明 break away (from)挣脱（束缚）；脱离the Union Jack英国国旗 relation n.关系；联系educational adj.教育的 legal adj.法律的；合法的convenience n.便利；方便roughly adv.粗略地；粗糙地Midlands 英格兰中部地区Industrial adj.工业的；产业的historical adj.历史上的；有关历史的 attraction n.吸引；吸引力；吸引人的 事物 collection n.收藏品；珍藏；收集 construct vt.建造；构造；创立 influence vt.影响；改变n. Viking n.北欧海盗 leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑 project n.科研学习项目；课题；计划； 工程 take the place of代替 break down (机器)损坏；破坏 arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理 wedding n.婚礼 fold vt.折叠；对折 sightseeing n.观光；游览 available adj.可利用的；有用的 delight n.快乐；高兴；喜悦 royal adj.王室的；皇家的 occasion n.场合；时刻；时机 uniform n.制服 splendid adj.壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的 statue n.塑像；雕像 longitude n.经线；经度 navigation n.导航；航行 communism n.共产主义 original adj.最初的；原始的； thrill vt.使激动；使胆战心惊 unfair adj.不公平的；违反规划的 smart adj.漂亮的；时髦的；聪明的 tense n.时态 consistent adj.一致的 error n.错误；过失；谬误 pot n.罐；壶 People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.人们也许会奇怪：为 什么用不同的词汇来描述这四个国家：英国、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰。【注释： ①wonder v.tr.（及物动词）To feel curiosity or be in doubt about:感到好奇或怀疑： eg. He wondered why people built ugly homes, when they could have beautiful ones.他 很奇怪为什么人们本可以造出漂亮的房屋,而偏偏建造出丑陋的房子来。n. It's a wonder难得；奇怪的是eg. It's a wonder you recognized me.难得你还认得我。 (2)(It's) no wonder难怪；并不奇怪；当然eg. No wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。②use sth. to do …用…做…; eg. You’d better use a stick to stir the paint. 你最好用棒来搅漆。】You can clarify this question if you study British history.如果你研究英国历史，就能阐明这个问题。【注释：clarify:解释；澄清；阐明eg. The government has time and again clarified its position on equal pay for women?政府已经反复阐明政府对男女同工同酬的立场。】First there was England.首先有英格兰。Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century.13世纪，威尔士加入进来。【注释：link vt., vi.（常与together, to, with连用）连接eg. The two towns are linked by a railway.这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。(2)挽着;（与on, to, in to连用）联合】Now when people refer to England, you find Wales included as well.现在，当人们谈到英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也包括进来。【注释：①refer to谈到；speak of, mention这三个词均表示“谈到；说起”，其主语均为“sb.”，而come to表示“谈到”讲时，仅用于句型“when it comes to sb./ sth.” “当一谈到…”试题： When it ___ music, Kate is always excited. A.refers to B. speaks of C. mentions D. comes to ②as well也，倒不如, 还是...的好，最好...还是(It will be as well to stop that young screamer. 但是最好还是让那个大哭大叫的孩子住声。)】Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". 接下来，在17世纪，英格兰和威尔士加入到苏格兰，名字改为“大英帝国”。【注释：be joined : To put or bring into close association or relationship:使结合，缔交：使…结合或联合形成密切联系或关系eg. they were joined by marriage;.他们结成夫妻；】Happily