从句的类型
?定语从句
?状语从句
?主语从句
?宾语从句名词性从句
?表语从句
?同位语从句
定语从句的分类
?限制型定语从句（Restrictive Attributive Clauses）
A man who doesn’t try to learn from others can’t hope to achieve much.
?非限制性定语从句（Non-Restrictive Attributive Clauses）
She is going to spend the summer holidays in Qingdao, where she has some relatives.
定语从句的引导词
?关系代词（who, whom, which, that, as）
?关系副词（where, when, why, that）
?关系形容词（whose, what）
He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree.
That is the reason why I am in favor of revising the plan.
I have the same trouble as you do.
状语从句的种类
?时间状语从句
?地点状语从句
?原因状语从句
?目的状语从句
?结果状语从句
?条件状语从句
?让步状语从句
?比较状语从句
?方式状语从句
状语从句的引导词(1)
?时间（when, as, while, before, after, once, till, until, not until, ever since, since, whenever, every/each time, the moment, as soon as, no sooner... than, scarcely/hardly…before/when, now that）
?地点（where, wherever）
?原因（because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that）
状语从句的引导词(2)
?目的（that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case）
?结果（that, so that, so…that, such…that）
?条件（if, unless,only if, once, suppose, supposing, in case that, so long as, as long as, so far as, on condition that, provided that, in the event that, whether or not）
状语从句的引导词(3)
?让步（though, although, as, while, whereas, even if, even though, no matter, whatever, however, in spite of the fact that）
?比较（as…as, not so/as…as, more…than, no more…than, less…than, no less…than, the…the...）?方式（as though, as i f, just as…, so…）
状语从句示例(1)
?He had impressed me the first time I met him.
?Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
?Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.
?Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
?Bring it near (so) that I may see it better.
状语从句示例(2)
?She would have fallen but that I caught her.
?Y ou are a little heavier than when I saw you last.
?I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
主语从句
?由what, whatever, whoever等代词引导的主语从句
?由连词that引导的主语从句(通常放到句子后部，而用it作形式主语，在口语中that有时可省略）
?由连接代词或连接副词（或whether)引导的主语从句（可直接放句首，也可放句子后部，并在句首用it作形式主语）
主语从句
?What you need is more practice.
?Whatever I have is at your service.
?It is possible that I may not be able to come.
?It’s a pity you missed such a fine talk.
?Whether h e will join us won’t make too much difference.
?Has it been announced when the planes are to take off?
宾语从句
?由连接代词或副词引导的宾语从句
?由关系代词what等引导的宾语从句
?由that引导的宾语从句（最为普遍，that有时可省略，另外在某些带有复合宾语的句子中，that 引导的从句常常移到句子后部，前面用it作形式宾语）
宾语从句
?Tell me what you want.
?Let’s see how we can raise our efficiency.
?Please advise me which book I should read first.
?Whether that is a good solution depends on how you look at it.
?We’ll give you whatever help you need.
?She was never satisfied with what she had achieved.
?I don’t doubt that they will be able to overcome the difficulties.
表语从句
?由that引导的表语从句（口语中连词that有时可以省略）
?由关系代词what引导的表语从句
?由连接代词或副词引导的表语从句
表语从句
?The fact remains that we are behind the other groups.
?China is no longer what it used to be.
?The question is what we should do first.
?My idea is we can get more people to help in the work.
同位语从句
?在某些词（如idea, fact, rumor, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt等）后有时可以用that或连接代（副）词引导的从句作同位语，称为同位语从句。
同位语从句
?I have no idea that you were here.
?The fact that the prisoner was guilty was plain to everybody.
?The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
?Obviously there was little probability that they would succeed.
练习
1. ____ I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.
A. Every time
B. If
C. Until
D. At the time
2. Some water is said to be “hard”. By this is meant ____ it does not lather readily with soap.
A. which
B. as
C. what
D. that
3. ____ he is absent, what shall we do?
A. Now that
B. Seeing that
C. Supposing that
D. Whether
4. Language builds a bridge of communication ____ society could not ever exist.
A. unless
B. without that
C. without which
D. Just as…so
5. The problem is that, ____ children who are given cow’s milk benefit greatly from it, those who have never drunk it by a certain age are not able to tolerate it.
A. because
B. provided
C. whereas
D. though
6. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ____ the atmosphere.
A. as it is
B. The same as
C. so is
D. and so is
7. This research project had more significance for them than ____.
A. ours
B. it did for us
C. with us
D. for ours it had
8. ____ you cannot meet us as planned, please let us know immediately.
A. Such that
B. In the event that
C. As if
D. In order that
9. ____ it is expensive or not is the crucial question.
A. That
B. Whether
C. If
D. How ADACDCBBB
一、句型1: Sｕbｊect (主语)＋Vｅrb (谓语） 这种句型中得动词大多就就是不及物动词,常见得动词如: ｗoｒｋ,sｉｎg, swim，f ｉsｈ, ｊump，arrｉve, e, die，ｄisappear，ｃry, happeｎ等。如: 1) Li Mｉng worｋｓvery haｒd、李明学习很努力。 2) Ｔhｅlittle gｉrl cｒied even ｈardｅr、小女孩哭得更厉害了。 3）The aｃｃident hａppeｎed yestｅrday aftｅrnoon、事故就就是昨天下午发生得。 二、句型2:Subｊeｃt (主语) + Link、Ｖ(系动词) +Pｒedｉｃate(表语） 这种句型主要用来表示主语得特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类: (1)表示状态。这样得词有:ｂe,looｋ, sｅem,smelｌ,tasｔe, souｎｄ,ｋeep 等。如: １) Ｔhis kind oｆfoｏd ｔａsｔes deliｃiｏus、这种食物吃起来很可口。 ２) He ｌｏoｋed worｒｉeｄjust now、刚才她瞧上去有些焦急。 (2）表示变化。这类系动词有:bee，tuｒn，get, ｇrow, go等。如: 1）Sprｉｎg es、Itｉs gettｉng warmerａnd warｍｅr、春天到了,天气变得越来越暖与。 2) Tｈe treeｈaｓｇｒｏwn much taｌｌer than before、这棵树比以前长得高多了。 三、句型3：Suｂｊect(主语) + Vｅｒb (谓语)＋Oｂject （宾语) 这种句型中得动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。 1）He tookｈis ｂag aｎd lefｔ、(名词）她拿着书包离开了。 2) LｉLｅi alwayｓhelps mｅwhen I havｅdifｆicｕlｔiｅｓ、(代词) 当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。 ３)She plａns toｔraｖeｌｉn the ｉng Mａy Day、（不定式）她打算在即将到来得“五一”外出旅游。 4) Ｉdon’t know what Iｓhｏuｌd do next、(从句）我不知道下一步该干什么。
宾语从句种类有3类 动词的宾语从句 介词的宾语从句 形容词的宾语从句 1、动词的宾语从句 ·大多数动词都可以带宾语从句 We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger. 我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮. He told us that they would help us through the whole work. 他告诉我们在整个工作中,他们都会帮忙的. ·部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句 I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. 我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了. Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗? ·动词短语也可以带宾语从句 常见的这些词有: make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. 在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误. ·可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 ①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
宾语从句用法详解(例句丰富) 一、宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句通常由连词that和whether (if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导： 1. that引导 We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。 The doctor insists that I give up smoking医生坚持要我戒烟。 I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。 I suggested that we should go the next day. 我建议我们第二天走。 We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain. 从他的信里我们了解到他在西班牙。 The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 卖方要求5日内付款。 2. whether / if引导 I don’t know whether he’ll arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。 I didn’t kno w whether they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。 I’ll see whether I can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能劝他接受。 I asked her whether she agreed. 我问她是否同意。 He enquired if her parents spoke Spanish. 他问她父母是否讲西班牙语。 I wonder if it’s large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。 She did n’t say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。 3. 连接代词引导 I don’t know who [whom] you mean. 我不知道你指谁。 Please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。 I’Il do whatever I can do. 我将做我所能做的事。 You can take whichever you like. 你爱拿哪个就拿哪个吧。 We’ll do whatever we can to save him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。 Take whichever seat you like. 你要坐哪个座就坐哪个座位。 Give it to whoever you like. 你把它爱给谁就给谁。 You don’t know what you are talking about. 你在说什么，你自己也不知道。 Tomorrow at this time we’ll know who is elected. 明天这时候我们就会知道谁当选了。 4. 连接副词引导
定语从句 概念：定语从句，一个简单句跟在一个名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。 结构：先行词+关系词+从句 关系词： 关系词的类型：关系代词：who,whom,which,that,在从句中可作主语或宾语，whose,在从句中作定语 关系副词：why,where,when,其中why=for which，where=in/at/on which， when=during/on/in which,在从句中做状语 关系词的作用：1.连接作用，连接主句和定语从句 2.指代前面的先行词 3.在定语从句中担任成分 关系词的选择:1.看先行词（被定语从句修饰的词）先行词是“物”可能用which，that，whose,where，when，why等,先行词是“人”可能用who，whom，that， whose等 2.看关系词在定语从句中所担任的句子成分①先行词是人且关系词在从句 中作主语，用who/that②先行词是人且关系词在从句中作宾语，用 whom/that③先行词是物且关系词在定语从句中作主语，用that,which. ④先行词是物且关系词在从句中作宾语，用that,which，也可以省略 记住：关系代词作宾语或表语是可以省略的，作主语是不能省略的，因为主 语后直接是动词，省略的话就出现先行词直接接从句动词的语法错误。举例： Is there anything that you want to say? 中的that就可以省略。而He is the headmaster of this school who also teaches Chemistry. 中的who就不能省 略。⑤先行词是“人”或“物”，关系词在从句中作定语表所属关系，用 whose引导定语从句.注意：表示所属关系不仅仅是人,这个就叫做所属关系， 因此所属关系除了whose以外就有两个，对人是of whom,对物是of which. ⑥先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，则用关系副词引导定语从句。注意： 如果从句中的谓语动词是及物动词且后面无宾语，那么，即使先行词是表时 间、地点或理由的名词，也不能用关系副词（when，why，where），而要用 可作宾语的关系代词that或which，要考试的同学们千万千万要记住哦！ 3.必须用that引导的情况①先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰③先行词被 all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰④先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时⑤先行词既有人又有物时⑥当句中已有who时， 为避免重复用that 限定与非限定定语从句 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句： 例：I like the book which he bought yesterday.(我喜欢他昨天买的书) 非限定性定语从句：
新托福写作——10大句型助你所向披靡 新托福写作中句型的结构是一项非常重要的评分标准，从句型结构丰富多变到用词简短一击即中，都是托福写作需要注意的。那到底什么样的句型才能到高分呢? 怎样做到句型丰富呢?通过归纳和总结，小编将下面这十种高分句型介绍给大家。不需要你全部都用上，因为只要用上几种就足以使你的写作成绩提高一个甚至几个档次。 第一：定语从句。 这应该算是写作中最常用的一种句型之一。适当地运用定语从句可以给你的文章增色不少。 例如，下面的这两个句子用上定语从句马上就变成了一个漂亮的复杂句。 Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex. → Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts. 第二：状语从句。 在写作当中运用的最多的是以下五种状语从句，即原因状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句，时间状语从句和目的状语从句。 1. 原因状语从句：常由because, as, since和for引导 Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits. 尽管如此，我还是赞成太空探险，因为它的好处远远大于坏处。 2. 让步状语从句：常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引导 Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place. 尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。 3. 条件状语从句：常由if, on the condition that和providing that引导 Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared.
宾语从句讲解 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 宾语从句有“四看”： 一看连接词； 引导宾语从句的连接词有三类： 连接词原句句式 that（无词义，在口语中常可省略）陈述句（原句是陈述句） if,whether（是否，不可省略）一般疑问句（原句是一般疑问句） who,whom,which,what,when,where,why,how 特殊疑问句（原句是特殊疑问句）连接代词（who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever） 在句中有词义，并且充当从句中的主语、宾语、表语、定语。 连接副词(where,when,how,why)在句中有词义，并且充当从句的状 语。 例句：I don’t know if /whether you can help me.我不知道你是否能够帮我。 I don’t know whether or not they will come. =I don’t know whether they will come or not. 我不知道他们来不来。 I wonder what he’s writing to me about.(w hat在从句中作宾语) 我想知道他正在写什么给我们。 We never know what he is.(what在从句中作表语) 我们从不知道他是做什么的。 He can’t decide which sweater he should buy.(which在从句中作定语) 他不确定他该买哪件衣服。 I will tell you why I asked you to come.(why在从句中作原因状语) 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。 Could you tell me where Tom has gone?（where在从句中作地点状语） 你能告诉我汤姆去哪里了吗？ I want to know when you can finish the work.（when在从句中作时间状语） 我想知道你什么时候能够完成这项工作。 二看时态：主从句时态要一致。主句为现在时态，从句可用任何时态；主句若为过去时态， 从句要用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。 He said that he would help us.他说他会帮我们的。
定语从句 一、限制性与非限制性定语从句 （一）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用；而非限制性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用。非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往有逗号割开。非限制性定语从句相当于并列句、状语从句等。如： I want this man, who (=for he) can speak English. He gave up the plan, which (=though it) was a very good one. I met John, who (=and he) told me the news. I will take this one, which (=for it) seems to be the best one. He has two sons, who work in the same pany. (He has only two sons.) He has two sons who work in the same pany. (Perhaps he has more than two sons.) (二)非限制性定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法 1、关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略； 2、Who（主语），whom（宾语），which（主语、宾语）不能用that代替，也不能互相替 换； 3、介词+which/whom+从句结构中，介词不能移到从句的后面； 4、when, where可用于非限制性定语从句。 二、关系代词的用法 （一）关系代词的作用和分类 1、关系代词的作用有三个： （1）连接作用：关系代词引导从句，把它和主句连接起来； （2）替代作用：关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词； （3）成分作用：关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。 2、关系代词的用法分类 关系代词的用法与分类有三点依据： （1）根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性； （2）根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物； （3）根据它在从句中所充当的成分----主语、宾语、表语或者定语。 （二）关系代词that和which的用法 1、限制性定语从句中，必须用关系代词that的情况： （1）当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, the one时。如：
各种从句类型 一、名词性从句 1、主语从句： 定义：从句充当复合句的主语。 位置：①从句位于句首；②it（无意义）作形式主语放在句首，从句放在主句之后。 引导词：that，whether（连词） who，what，which，-ever（疑问代词/连接代词） when，where，how，why，-ever（疑问副词/连接副词） 练习：（1）从句位于句首 1.物价要上涨是明显的(go up) ____________________________________________________________________ 2.派谁去还没有决定 ____________________________________________________________________ 3.不清楚她为什么那样做(clear) ____________________________________________________________________ 4.你对我说的话很有用 ______________________________________________________________________ (2)it作形式主语 5.很奇怪他对此一无所知 _______________________________________________________________________ 6.碰巧那天她不在家（happen） _______________________________________________________________________ *与强调句句型比较 1. It is clear that he loves singing. 2. It is in Shanghai that I saw the film. 二、宾语从句 定义：从句充当复合句中的宾语。 位置：在及物动词后（动宾结构）；在介词后（介宾结构）；it作形式宾语，从句放在主句后； 主语+be+表语（adj.）+宾从 引导词：that、whether、if（连词）；who，whose，what，which，-ever（疑问代词/连接代词）；when,where,how,why（疑问副词/连接副词） 练习： （1）动宾、介宾结构 7.我们认为这是圈套。（圈套trick） _______________________________________________________________________ 8.我会留意我是否能帮助你 _______________________________________________________________________ 9.请跟我谈谈任何使你烦心的事（trouble） _______________________________________________________________________ (2)it作形式宾语 10.我想当然地认为你会来(take it for granted) _______________________________________________________________________ 11.我会很感激如果你把电视的音量调低（would appreciate it） _______________________________________________________________________ (3)主语+be+表语（adj.）+宾从 12.我确信他会赢（be sure） _______________________________________________________________________ 13.我肯定她看见我了(be certain) _______________________________________________________________________
句子的类型 A简单句的结构： 1.“主语+谓语” I cried yesterday.昨天，我哭了。 Things change.事物是变化的。 2.“主语+系动词+表语” He and I are good students.他和我都是好学生。 The doctors seemed very capable.这些大夫看起来都很能干。 3.“主语+谓语(及物动词vt.)+宾语” I have finished my homework. She likes paintings and I like swimming. 4.“主语+谓语+宾语（名词）+宾语（名词）” We gave the baby a bath.我们给婴儿洗了个澡。 He passed me a basketball.他传给我一个篮球。 5.“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语” I found the book easy.我发现此书不难。 I heard him coming up the stairs slowly, as if he were carrying something heavy.我 听见他慢慢上楼来，好像扛着什么重的东西。 注： “间宾+直宾”与“宾补”的区别 a.如果一个句子中的某一个动词接了两个宾语，那么，指“人”的是间接宾语，指“物”的为直接宾语。而且，这两个宾语不能形成逻辑上的主谓关系 b.如果一个动词后所接的两个宾语能够形成逻辑上的主谓关系，则是宾语和宾补的关系 B 并列句的结构 并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列而成。常见的并列句的结构是：简单句+等立连词+简单句。 They were happy and they deserved there happiness.他们是幸福的，他们也该得到幸 福。 Hurry or you won’t make the train. 赶快，不然你就赶不上火车。 Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.蜜是甜的，但蜜蜂却会蜇人。
高中英语从句大全 1）表语从句 1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类： （1）从属连词that.如： The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 （2）从属连词whether，as，as if.如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago，but it’s as if it was only yesterday. 这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。 能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be，seem，look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。 （3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接副词where，when，how，why. 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1.连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。 2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we （should）start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。2）主语从句 1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类： （1）从属连词that.如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 （2）从属连词whether.如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。 （3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接副词where，when，how，why.如： What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home —— my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我
初中英语语法总结（从句） 英语从句三大类型 按一般说法，可分为三大类14种从句。 一,名词性从句 1主语从句Whether it's right or not remains to be seen. 2宾语从句I wonder whether it's right or not. 3同位语从句This is a question whether it's right or not. 4表语从句The question is whether it's right or not. 二,定语从句 1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak English well. 2非限定性定语从句She is the student, who can speak English well. 三,状语从句 1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here. 2地点状语从句You can go wherever you like.
3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are a student. 4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king. 5目的状语从句She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well. 6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well. 7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me. 8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is little. 1．定语从句 There are some old books in the box. The boy dressed in blue is from America. ?分清几个概念：先行词与关系代词/关系副词。先行词是指定语从句所修饰的中心词；关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that; 关系副词主要有 when, where, why。关系代词和关系副词有两个作用，一是连接主句和从句的作用，二 是在定语从句中做成分。 ?定语从句分为：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句, 限定性定语从句如果去掉会影 响句子意义的完整性，非限定性定语从句即使去掉也不会影响句子意义的完整性，如： July is the month when we have a lot of rain. There are many plays (that) I’d like to see. The meeting was put off, which surprised us a lot. This note is left by Mary, who was here a moment ago. 1.非限定性定语从句，其作用为：对所修饰的成分作进一步的说明，它与主句用逗号隔 开。此类从句省略后其余部分仍可成立。在非限定性定语从句中，which可代表前面的整个句子；代表人时只能用who，whom，而不能用that；as也可用作关系代词。例如: 2. telephone，as we know，was the invention of Alexander Graham Bell． 3. D．Roosevelt，who died there on April 12，1945． 4. in a damp（潮湿的）house for a long time is harmful to one’s health，which is known to everyone． 5.限定性定语从句中that可代表人和事，而which只代表事；二者在从句中作主语或 宾语。that作宾语时常可省略，which则不能，而且其后的“不及物动词+介词’’中的介词不能省略。which作宾语时，先行词与which之间的介词不能省。例如： 6.first doll that could say“mama”was invented in 1830． 7. second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part，during which he sailed round the Cape Horn合恩角． ?代表all，anything，something，nothing，much等词时，用that而不用which，that作宾语可省略。例如：
英语八大从句类型总结 从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句(包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句，包括时间、条件、结果、目 从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句(包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句，包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。 主语从句用作主语，如：： Thattheearthisroundistrue.地球为圆的是真实的。 宾语从句用作宾语。如： Doyouknowwherehelives? 表语从句用作表语，如： Myopinionisthatyoushouldnotgoalone.我的意见是你不应单独前往。 同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如： Thefactthattheearthisroundistrue.地球是圆的的事实是真实的。(that从句用于解释说明thefact)
定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如： ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.回答问题的学生是John. 状语从句相当于一个副词，如： Whenitrains，Iusuallygotoschoolbybus.天下雨时，我通常坐公共汽车上学。(时间状语) Ifhecomestomorrow，youwillseehim.如果他明天来，你就可以看见他。(if 引导的条件状语从句，其结构为：if+状语从句，+主句)。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”，即主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。 Hereturnedhometolearnhisdaughterhadjustbeenengaged.他回家后得知女 儿刚刚订婚了。(结果状语，结果状语只是仅限于learn(得知)，find(发现)，see，hear，tobetold(被告知)，make(使得)等具有界限含义的动词。) Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.你必须大声 说话，才能让所有人听到你说话。(目的状语，可以由that，sothat，inorderthat，lest，forfearthat，incase等词引导。) Since/Astheweatherissobad，wehavetodelayourjourney.天气那么糟，旅行推迟了。(原因状语从句，常用because，since，as，forfear(恐怕)，seeingthat(既然)，nowthat(=since)，consideringthat(考虑到)等引导。) Though/Thoughhewaswornout，(still)hekeptonworking.虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。(让步状语从句，引导的连词主要有以下这些：though，although，as;evenif，eventhough;whether…or…;nomatter+疑问词，疑问词
在初中英语中，主要有三大从句，即宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句（包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。 宾语从句 一、定义 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 二、连接词 that: I think that you can pass the exam. Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means. “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means. I don’t know where he found the book. 只用whether 的情况： 1.与or not 连用： I don’t know whether it’s raining or not. 2.与动词不定式连用： He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation. 3.连接词前有介词时： It depends on whether he is coming. 三、时态 1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam. 2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。 1）She said that she was a student. 2）She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3） She said that she had finished her homework already. 3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
. 英语从句类型总结从句在复合句中的不能独立。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，功用，和简单句中的句子成分的功用类似，可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语（以上为名词性从句）、定语、状语等。因此，它可以分为主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、和状语从句。一、定语从句修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引在复合句中，等，where, when, whywho, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词导定语从句的有
关系代词 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。如：用作主语，由who引导的定语从句中，who1. This is the boy who often helps me.whom用作宾语，如：由whom引导的定语从句中，2. The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.：用作定语，如3.由whose引导的定 语从句中，whose Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如：引导的定语从句中，．由whichwhich4这就是那本有多种语言译本的This is the book which has been retranslated into many languages. 书。（关系代词Which用作主语。）可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不that由that引导的定语从句中，5.能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如：The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. 6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如: I don't know the reason why he was late. This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time. 注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用 that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.) 7. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 (1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等，这些关系代词都不能省略。(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句，不影响主句意思的完整，一般用逗号把主句和从句分开，关系代词用 which,不用that;指人时可用who,如：I have two brothers, who are both students. 二、状语从句 由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备。同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。 1、时间状语从句精选文档． . 表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time 等引导。 When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting. He started as soon as he received the news. Once you see him, you will never forget him. No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep. 2、原因状语从句 原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now
宾语从句 宾语从句是的一种。在中充当，位于、或之后的从句称为。宾语从句分为三类：的宾语从句，的宾语从句和的宾语从句。 用法 宾语从句 结构：++由连词引导宾语从句（陈述语序） 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether，和疑问词（what，how，where，whe n …）。 1）that （无词义，不做成分）；if,whether（表达是否的意思，但是不做句子的成分） that引导表示的宾语从句， if和whether，whether...or not引导表示是否”的的宾语从句。 If和whether的区别： if和whether在作是否”理解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词 know,ask,care,wonder,find out 等之后，后一般不用if。 少数动词，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether。 whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以。 在前只能用whether。 一般“no matter示是否”用whether而不用if。 2）主要有： who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever 等。 连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述。
Tell him which class you are in . Do you know what he likes? 3）主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however 等。 He didn ' t tell me when we should meet aga他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。 注：宾语从句通常跟在名词或代词后面。 宾语从句--动宾从句 大多数都可以带宾语从句。 部分“ +结构也可以带宾语从句。 动词短语也可以带宾语从句，常见的这些词有： make sure（确保）、make up one ' s min下决心）、keep in mi nd （牢记）可运用it代替的宾语从句 ①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候， 则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。 ②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it （）这主要有： hate,take,owe,have,see.to.award,le nd.ha nd,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,sho w,teach,tell 宾语从句--介宾从句 用whether之类的介词宾语从句。 用that,if引导的宾语从句，有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句。 宾语从句--形容词+宾从句 有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句；