Abstract:
Gout is a common metabolic disorder characterized by hyperuricemia and
acute and chronic arthritis. This experiment aims to investigate the
pathophysiology and treatment of gout. We reviewed the relevant
literature, conducted in vitro experiments, and analyzed the data to
explore the molecular mechanisms of gout and the efficacy of different
treatment methods. The results indicate that xanthine oxidase is the key
enzyme in the pathogenesis of gout, and the use of allopurinol can
effectively lower uric acid levels. This study provides a theoretical
basis for the clinical treatment of gout.
1. Introduction
Gout is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the deposition of uric
acid crystals in joints, tendons, and other tissues. It is characterized
by hyperuricemia, acute and chronic arthritis, and is often accompanied
Effectofneutraltemperatureonenergysavingofcentralizedair-conditioning
systemsinsubtropicalHongKong
K.F.Fong*,T.T.Chow,C.Li,Z.Lin,L.S.Chan
DivisionofBuildingScienceandTechnology,CollegeofScienceandEngineering,CityUniversityofHongKong,TatCheeAvenue,KowloonTong,Kowloon,HongKongSAR,China
articleinfo
Articlehistory:Received7December2009Accepted15March2010Availableonline25March2010
Keywords:EnergysavingComfortairspeedNeutraltemperatureThermalcomfortAir-conditioningabstract
Higherroomtemperaturecanstilllettheoccupantshaveaneutralthermalsensationifhigherairspeedisprovided.Withasuitableschemeofneutraltemperatureandcomfortairspeed,reductionofenergyconsumptionofthecentralchillerplantmaysurpasstheadditionalenergyrequirementoftheairsideequipment,thenbothenergysavingandthermalcomfortcanbeachievedfortheentireair-conditioningsystem.Toevaluatethis,theenergyconsumptionsofacentralizedair-conditioningsystemusingthecommonairsidealternativeswerestudiedforthesubtropicalHongKong.Thealternativesarevariableairvolume(VAV)system,constantairvolume(CAV)systemandfancoil(FC)system.Eachofthemwasassociatedtoacentralchillerplanttoserveahigh-riseofficebuilding.Thestudyingrangeoftheroomairtemperaturewasfrom23Cto30C.ItisfoundthattheVAVandFCsystemscanprovideboththermalcomfortandenergysavingforhigherroomtemperature,butCAVsystemisnotfeasiblewhentheroomairtemperatureisabove27C.Iftheindoorairspeedthresholdisconsidered,theneutraltemperaturecanbebroughtupto26.5C,andtheenergysavingpotentialsofVAVandFCsystemswouldbe12.9%and9.3%respectively.Ó2010ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.
NewPhosphonicAcidFunctionalized,RegioregularPolythiophenes
KristofferK.Stokes,KarineHeuze´,andRichardD.McCullough*
DepartmentofChemistry,CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania15213
ReceivedMay15,2003;RevisedManuscriptReceivedJuly30,2003
ABSTRACT:Herewepresentthesynthesisofbothregioregularamphiphilicpolythiophenescarryinga
phosphonicacidonalternatingsidechains(8)andaregioregularpolythiophenepolyelectrolytecarrying
aphosphonicacidsidechain(14).Wepresentthecationself-assemblyandcolorimetricchangesofthese
regioregularpolythiophenescarryingphosphonicacids.Wealsohaveexploredtheabilityofthesepolymers
toattempttoformSAMswithzirconium.
Introduction
Thefabricationofnanoscaleelectronicandphotonic
devicesderivedfrompolymerscouldbeimplemented
usingtheself-assemblyofconductingpolymers.The
developmentofnanoscaleself-assemblyofconducting
多不饱和脂肪酸对家禽脂质代谢影响的研究进展。
大量研究表明，摄入多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）对人的健康有益，它可以抑制炎症、促进大脑发育、抑制肿瘤生长，还可通过降低血浆甘油三酯和胆固醇水平抗血栓及抑制动脉粥样硬化等[1]。因此，通过日粮中添加多不饱和脂肪酸来降低禽肉蛋制品中甘油三酯（TG）和胆固醇（TC）含量，生产功能性禽类产品，对维护人类健康有重要意义。本文将从多不饱和脂肪酸对家禽脂质代谢的影响及对家禽体内脂质代谢的机理进行介绍。
1 多不饱和脂肪酸的分类及来源
1.1 多不饱和脂肪酸的分类
不饱和脂肪酸主要分为ω-3和ω-6两大系列。ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸主要包括:亚油酸（LA，C18：2）、γ-亚麻酸（GLA，C18：3）、花生四烯酸（AA，C20：4）等。ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸主要包括:α-亚麻酸（ALA，C18：3）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA，C20：5）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，C22：6）。
1.2 多不饱和脂肪酸的来源
家禽日粮中常用的多不饱和脂肪酸主要来源于一些植物油脂（如大豆油、棉子油、菜子油、亚麻油等）及海产鱼油。随着生物技术的发展，微生物油脂将会成为家禽日粮中多不饱和脂肪酸的又一来源。
2 多不饱和脂肪酸与蛋鸡脂质代谢
2.1 多不饱和脂肪酸对蛋鸡血清、肝脏脂质代谢的影响
大量的研究发现，日粮中添加多不饱和脂肪酸可改变蛋鸡血清和肝脏中脂类物质的含量。邓兴照（2005）[2]进行的脂类代谢试验研究表明，ω-3PUFA和ω-6PUFA两者均能显著降低蛋鸡血清和肝脏的总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平（P
2.2 多不饱和脂肪酸对蛋鸡胆固醇代谢的影响
国内外研究表明，多不饱和脂肪酸能够降低蛋黄中胆固醇的含量。李志琼等（2007）[9]研究报道蛋黄、各种卵泡中胆固醇（TC）均与日粮中α-亚麻酸(ALA)添加量呈显著直线或二次曲线降低;蛋黄、卵泡和肝脏的甘油三酯（TG）以及肝脏的TC与ALA之间的线性和二次曲线降低均不显著。胡艳等（2005）[10]报道添加
