IL-17A对小鼠气管移植后早期气道上皮细胞的影响
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ILC2参与哮喘发病机制的研究进展蒋芹【摘要】Ⅱ型固有淋巴样细胞(ILC 2)是ILC家族中最近发现的一个新成员.抗原暴露后,ILC 2被上皮细胞来源的细胞因子、脂质递质和肿瘤坏死因子家族成员TL 1 A激活,促进气道结构细胞和免疫细胞反应.ILC 2是固有免疫应答的关键部分,且与支气管哮喘的发病机制有关.文章就ILC 2参与哮喘发病机制的研究进展作了综述.%Type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) is a new member of the innate lymphoid cell family discovered recently. After being exposed to antigens, ILC2 was activated by epithelial cell-derived cytokines, lipid mediators and TNF family member TL1A to promote structural and immune cell responses in the airways. These cells are critical components of the innate immune response involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. This paper summarizes the progress on the roles of type 2 innate lymphoid cells in the pathogenesis of asthma.【期刊名称】《临床儿科杂志》【年(卷),期】2017(035)002【总页数】5页(P148-152)【关键词】Ⅱ型固有淋巴样细胞;哮喘;发病机制【作者】蒋芹【作者单位】上海交通大学医学院上海 200233【正文语种】中文固有淋巴样细胞(innate lymphoid cell,ILC)是一类新型的非B 细胞、非T 细胞家族,与适应性免疫细胞平行的一类细胞,在组织重塑、修复及固有免疫应答中起重要作用。
综㊀㊀述IL ̄17在原发性胆汁性胆管炎发病机制中的作用研究进展杨文霞综述ꎬ唐映梅审校㊀㊀[摘要]㊀白细胞介素 ̄17(IL ̄17)是主要来源于Th17细胞的细胞因子ꎬ在介导自身免疫性疾病过程中发挥重要作用ꎮIL ̄17受体(IL ̄17R)在机体广泛表达ꎬ与IL ̄17特异性结合后ꎬ可引起并增强炎症反应ꎮIL ̄17与多种肝疾病密切相关ꎮ文章主要就IL ̄17在原发性胆汁性胆管炎中的表达和促炎㊁促纤维化作用研究进展进行综述ꎮ㊀㊀[关键词]㊀白细胞介素 ̄17ꎻ原发性胆汁性胆管炎ꎻ机制㊀㊀[中图分类号]㊀R575㊀㊀[文献标志码]㊀A㊀㊀㊀[文章编号]㊀1008 ̄8199(2021)03 ̄0299 ̄04㊀㊀[DOI]㊀10.16571/j.cnki.1008 ̄8199.2021.03.016基金项目:国家自然科学基金(81660102)ꎻ云南省科技厅基金[2018FE001( ̄051)]作者单位:650500昆明ꎬ昆明医科大学第二附属医院消化内科[杨文霞(医学硕士研究生)㊁唐映梅]通信作者:唐映梅ꎬE-mail:tangyingmei_med@kmmu.edu.cnResearchprogressoftheroleofIL ̄17inthepathogenesisofprimarybiliarycholangitisYANGWen ̄xiareviewingꎬTANGYing ̄meichecking(DepartmentofGastroenterologyꎬtheSecondAffiliatedHospitalofKunmingMedicalUniversityꎬKunming650500ꎬYunnanꎬChina)㊀㊀[Abstract]㊀Interleukin ̄17(IL ̄17)isakindofcytokinemainlyderivedfromTh17cellsandplaysakeyroleinmediatingauto ̄immunediseases.TheIL ̄17receptor(IL ̄17R)iswidelyexpressedinthebodyandspecificallybindstoIL ̄17ꎬwhichcancauseandenhancetheinflammatoryresponse.IL ̄17iscloselyrelatedtovariousliverdiseases.ThisarticlemainlyreviewstheexpressionofIL ̄17inprimarybiliarycholangitis(PBC)anditspro ̄inflammatoryandpro ̄fibroticeffects.㊀㊀[Keywords]㊀interleukin ̄17ꎻprimarybiliarycholangitisꎻmechanism0㊀引㊀㊀言㊀㊀原发性胆汁性胆管炎(primarybiliarycholangi ̄tisꎬPBC)是一种慢性自身免疫性肝病ꎬ组织学特征为小叶间胆管的慢性进行性非化脓性胆管炎ꎬ导致胆汁淤积ꎬ病情进展可出现肝纤维化㊁肝硬化ꎬ发病机制尚未完全清楚[1]ꎮPBC多见于40~60岁女性ꎬ临床表现常出现疲劳和瘙痒ꎬ血清学主要表现为碱性磷酸酶(alkalinephosphataseꎬALP)升高㊁抗线粒体抗体(anti ̄mitochondrialantibodyꎬAMA)或特异性抗核抗体(抗gp210㊁抗sp100㊁抗PML等)阳性[2-3]ꎮFDA批准的唯一用于PBC的一线治疗药物为熊去氧胆酸(ursodeoxycholicacidꎬUDCA)ꎬ但仍有约40%患者无应答或应答不佳[4]ꎮ奥贝胆酸是近年来新批准的唯一用于PBC的二线治疗药物ꎬ但缺乏长期治疗数据ꎬ肝移植仍是许多难治性PBC患者的终末治疗选择[5]ꎬ但移植术后复发率较高ꎮPBC全球发病率稳步上升ꎬ其发病是遗传㊁环境㊁感染等多种因素共同作用的结果[6-7]ꎬ但具体发病机制未明ꎬ新的致病机制仍需探索ꎮ白细胞介素 ̄17(interleukin ̄17ꎬIL ̄17)是主要来源于Th17细胞的细胞因子ꎬ在介导自身免疫性疾病中发挥重要作用ꎮ本文就IL ̄17及其在PBC发生发展中的作用研究进展作一综述ꎮ1㊀IL ̄17和IL ̄17R1.1㊀IL ̄17㊀IL ̄17主要来源于Th17细胞ꎬTh17为独立于Th1㊁Th2和调节性T细胞(regulatoryTcellꎬTreg)的CD4+T淋巴细胞亚群ꎮ在细胞因子TGF ̄β㊁IL ̄6㊁IL ̄1β等作用下ꎬ原始CD4+T淋巴细胞中转录因子维甲酸相关核孤儿受体γt激活ꎬ诱导Th17分化ꎬTh17主要分泌IL ̄17A㊁IL ̄17F㊁IL ̄21㊁IL ̄22等细胞因子[8]ꎮ除Th17外ꎬCD8+T淋巴细胞㊁巨噬细胞㊁自然杀伤T细胞(naturalkillerTcellsꎬNKT)㊁γδT淋巴细胞㊁3型先天淋巴样细胞㊁中性粒细胞等免疫细胞及部分非免疫细胞如上皮细胞㊁成纤维细胞也可产生IL ̄17[9-10]ꎬ先天免疫细胞是感染早期IL ̄17的来源ꎮIL ̄17家族包括IL ̄17A ̄Fꎬ均以二硫键连接的同型或异型二聚体的形式分泌和发挥效应ꎬIL ̄17A和IL ̄17F在同源性上最接近(50%)[11-12]ꎬ传导相似的信号ꎬ具有如下信号强度分级:1L ̄17A>IL ̄17A/F>IL ̄17FꎮIL ̄17A㊁IL ̄17E(也称IL ̄25)㊁IL ̄17F是重要的促炎因子ꎬIL ̄17A和IL ̄17E诱导炎症因子并促进炎症反应ꎬIL ̄17E诱导过敏性炎症ꎬ而IL ̄17B㊁IL ̄17C㊁IL ̄17D的功能尚待研究[11]ꎮIL ̄17A为IL ̄17家族研究最多的成员ꎬ与受体亲和力最强ꎬ是主要的效应因子ꎬ通常所指的IL ̄17即IL ̄17A[13]ꎮ1.2㊀IL ̄17R㊀IL ̄17R是细胞表面单次跨膜受体ꎬ主要在上皮细胞㊁免疫细胞㊁成纤维细胞等细胞表达[14]ꎮIL ̄17R包括IL ̄17RA ̄E亚基ꎬ其中IL ̄17RA广泛分布[13]ꎮIL ̄17R复合物由五种不同的亚基(IL ̄17RA ̄E)组成的异二聚体构成ꎬ各受体亚基具有同源性ꎬ均含有两个胞外纤连蛋白II样结构域和一个胞内结构域SEF/IL ̄17R(SEFIR)ꎬSEFIR对于触发下游信号传递至关重要[12]ꎮIL ̄17RA可分别与不同的亚基构成功能性受体用于IL ̄17信号的差异性传导:IL ̄17RA㊁IL ̄17RB构成IL ̄17E受体ꎬIL ̄17RA㊁IL ̄17RC够成IL ̄17A㊁IL ̄17F㊁IL ̄17A/F受体ꎬIL ̄17RA㊁IL ̄17RE构成IL ̄17C受体ꎬ而IL ̄17B受体由IL ̄17RB和一个未知受体构成ꎬIL ̄17D受体未知[10ꎬ13]ꎮIL ̄17R在机体广泛表达ꎬ以肝㊁肾㊁脾表达较多ꎮ在肝中ꎬIL ̄17R在肝细胞㊁胆管上皮细胞㊁肝星状细胞㊁Kupffer细胞等细胞表达[15]ꎮ1.3㊀IL ̄17的功能㊀IL ̄17是机体内重要的促炎因子ꎮ正常情况下IL ̄17在体内可抵抗外来微生物的感染ꎬ是宿主黏膜防御的重要组成部分ꎻ但IL ̄17过表达可引起机体炎性损伤和自身免疫功能紊乱ꎬ在炎性疾病㊁自身免疫性疾病㊁移植排斥反应等过程中发挥重要作用[15-16]ꎮIL ̄17与IL ̄17R特异性结合后可通过胞内SEFIR结构域募集核转录因子κB激活剂1(Act1)ꎬ激活NF ̄κB及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶等信号通路促进下游靶基因激活ꎬ促进促炎因子及趋化因子IL ̄6㊁TNF ̄α㊁CCL20㊁CXCL1等的表达ꎬ募集中性粒细胞ꎬ同时激活巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞ꎬ引起并增强炎症反应[10-11]ꎮ其促炎效应主要与募集免疫细胞ꎬ并与其他促炎因子协同作用形成正反馈效应有关[15]ꎮIL ̄17是许多炎性疾病和自身免疫性疾病的关键效应因子ꎬIL ̄17及Th17在许多自身免疫性疾病如类风湿性关节炎㊁溃疡性结肠炎等疾病中高表达ꎬ与其发病机制有关[17]ꎻIL ̄17中和抗体已被批准用于某些慢性炎症和自身免疫性疾病的治疗ꎬ如银屑病㊁银屑病关节炎㊁强直性脊柱炎等[18]ꎮIL ̄17在多种肝疾病的发病中起重要作用ꎬ如IL ̄17与乙型肝炎的肝损伤程度相关[19]ꎻ与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的肝细胞脂肪变性有关[20]ꎻ与原发性肝癌的低存活率相关[21]ꎮ近年来研究表明IL ̄17在PBC患者中表达升高ꎬ并在PBC的炎症反应及肝纤维化过程中发挥重要作用[3ꎬ13]ꎮ2㊀IL ̄17在PBC发病中的作用2.1㊀IL ̄17和Th17在PBC中高表达㊀多项研究证明PBC患者血清及肝中IL ̄17表达升高ꎬTh17细胞在外周血及肝中明显高于健康对照组ꎬ且随疾病进展呈升高趋势ꎬ晚期时大量IL ̄17阳性细胞浸润于受损胆管周围和门静脉区域ꎬ这可能与晚期时趋化因子CCL20表达增加募集更多的Th17细胞至肝有关[22-24]ꎬ可导致外周血中Th17细胞数量低于早期ꎬ但仍高于健康对照组ꎮ肝中IL ̄17阳性细胞浸润是PBC晚期的典型表现ꎬPBC中早期介导炎症的Th1细胞向Th17细胞的转换对于疾病进展具有重要意义ꎬTh1/Th17比率与疾病严重程度呈负相关[25]ꎮ此外ꎬPBC中Th17和Treg表达失衡ꎬTh17/Treg比例增加ꎬ在PBC的发病机制中起重要作用[3]ꎮCD4+CD161+T细胞是Th17的祖细胞ꎬ研究表明PBC中CD4+CD161+T细胞表达增加ꎬ是Th17升高的来源[23]ꎮTh17维持和存活及IL ̄17分泌依赖于IL ̄23ꎬIL ̄23/IL ̄17轴起促炎作用并在自身免疫性疾病中起重要作用[26]ꎮPBC患者外周血IL ̄23水平升高且与临床分期相关ꎬ随疾病进展呈升高趋势ꎬIL ̄23阳性细胞浸润于PBC患者门静脉区域和受损胆管周围ꎬIL ̄23R在小叶间胆管周围表达增加ꎬIL ̄23/IL ̄17轴与PBC慢性胆管炎密切相关[25ꎬ27]ꎮ研究显示PBC患者外周血单核细胞(peripheralbloodmono ̄nuclearcellsꎬPBMC)和血清中miRNA ̄92a表达降低ꎬ与外周血Th17细胞数量呈负相关ꎬPBMC中miR ̄92a与IL ̄17A共表达ꎬmiR ̄92a可能直接调控Th17的分化参与PBC发病[28]ꎮ此外ꎬ研究显示正常C57BL/6J小鼠肝CD+T细胞分泌IL ̄17的能力强于脾脏ꎻ脾CD4+T细胞与肝非实质细胞共培养可将IL ̄17产量提高10倍ꎬ说明肝微环境有利于诱导Th17细胞的产生ꎬ并在肝炎性疾病或自身免疫性疾病中起作用ꎬ但诱导机制不清[24]ꎮ2.2㊀IL ̄17在PBC中的重要促炎作用㊀IL ̄17在PBC的免疫炎症反应中发挥关键作用ꎮ病原体相关分子模式如脂多糖刺激下ꎬ胆管上皮细胞可产生Th17诱导型细胞因子IL ̄6㊁IL ̄1β和维持型细胞因子IL ̄23ꎬ胆管局部树突状细胞和巨噬细胞及其细胞因子可促进Th17分化ꎬ参与胆道先天性免疫应答[29]ꎮIL ̄17可能参与PBC的慢性胆管炎ꎬIL ̄17A基因敲除的PBC小鼠中可检测到胆管炎减轻及AMA水平降低[30]ꎻ胆管上皮细胞表达IL ̄17Rꎬ可对IL ̄17作出反应ꎬ诱导其分泌炎症因子IL ̄6㊁IL ̄1β㊁IL ̄23及趋化因子CXCL1㊁CXCL2㊁CCL20等ꎬ促进炎性细胞包括Th17细胞的迁移ꎬ加重慢性胆管炎及胆管损伤[31]ꎮ此外ꎬIL ̄17被证明是改变PBC中肝巨噬细胞极化的关键细胞因子ꎬ可通过激活NF ̄κB途径使巨噬细胞向M1方向极化ꎬ促进炎症反应[22]ꎮ半乳糖凝集素3(Galectin ̄3ꎬGal ̄3)是一种多效凝集素ꎬ在炎症反应和免疫调控中起重要作用ꎮ研究显示PBC患者和小鼠模型中Gal ̄3表达增加ꎬ可介导肝巨噬细胞中NLRP3炎性小体的组装和激活及IL ̄1β的分泌ꎬ以自分泌的形式作用于肝巨噬细胞促进其分泌IL ̄17ꎬGal ̄3缺失可降低PBC小鼠IL ̄17的表达ꎬ减轻自身免疫性胆管炎[32-33]ꎮ与之相反ꎬGal3基因敲除的PBC小鼠中发现血清IL ̄17表达增加ꎬ胆管炎和纤维化增强[34]ꎮGal3可发挥多重效应ꎬ在PBC中的作用机制及对IL ̄17表达的影响有待进一步研究ꎮIL ̄17与PBC炎症程度呈正相关ꎬ与血清ALTꎬALPꎬGGT呈正相关ꎮPBC患者经UDCA治疗后外周血IL ̄17水平降低ꎬ在UDCA应答者中下降显著ꎬ外周血IL ̄17水平的下降趋势可能提示患者对UDCA的应答情况及预后情况[35]ꎮ2.3㊀IL ̄17在PBC中的促纤维化作用㊀IL ̄17可发挥强大的促纤维化作用ꎬ促进PBC中肝纤维化进展ꎮIL ̄17可剂量依赖性地促进肝星状细胞(hepaticstellatecellsꎬHSC)的增殖ꎬ促进HCS向肌成纤维细胞分化ꎬ表达和分泌胶原蛋白ꎬ促进纤维化[23]ꎻIL ̄17可通过刺激Kupffer细胞分泌IL ̄6㊁TNFα㊁TGFβ1等炎性因子促进肝纤维化[36]ꎮ研究显示PBC患者NKT细胞数量表达增加ꎬ其产生的IL ̄17A可促进HSC产生TGF ̄β及α ̄平滑肌肌动蛋白(α ̄smoothmuscleactinꎬα ̄SMA)促进肝纤维化进程[37]ꎮIL ̄17A可通过诱导肝内胆管上皮细胞(intrahe ̄paticbiliaryepithelialcellsꎬIBECs)的上皮 ̄间质转化(epithelial ̄mesenchymaltransitionꎬEMT)促进PBC的肝纤维化进展[38]ꎮEMT指上皮细胞失去其上皮特征并转化为具有迁徙和侵袭能力的间质细胞的过程ꎬ在胚胎发育㊁肿瘤侵袭和转移㊁组织修复及纤维化中起重要作用[39]ꎮEMT是PBC中IBECs破坏的潜在机制ꎬ是PBC的关键致病过程ꎮ肝移植后复发PBC患者的研究表明IBECs间充质标记物波形蛋白(Vimentin)㊁成纤维细胞特异性蛋白 ̄1㊁α ̄SMA表达增加ꎬ上皮标记物E ̄钙粘蛋白(E ̄cadherin)表达减少ꎬ经历了IBECs ̄EMTꎬ这种表型转变可解释PBC的进行性导管减少[40]ꎮEMT是肝纤维化的重要机制ꎬIBECs ̄EMT可能在PBC发病及纤维化进展中起重要作用ꎮ研究发现IL ̄17A可体外通过IL ̄17A ̄IL ̄17RA ̄Act1 ̄NF ̄κB信号通路诱导IBECs ̄EMTꎬ可剂量和时间依赖性上调Vimentin的表达ꎬ下调E ̄cad ̄herin的表达ꎬ且与TGF ̄β1诱导EMT有协同作用[13]ꎮIL ̄17A诱导IBECs ̄EMT的其他机制及与其他因子的相互作用有待进一步研究ꎮ研究发现PBC㊁自身免疫性肝炎及其重叠综合征患者肝组织中IL ̄17的表达水平与肝纤维化程度相关ꎬ可作为肝纤维化及肝硬化程度的判断指标之一[41]ꎮ总之ꎬIL ̄17不仅可介导PBC中的免疫炎症反应ꎬ在PBC的肝纤维化中起重要作用ꎮ3㊀结㊀㊀语㊀㊀IL ̄17在PBC患者中高表达ꎬ是介导炎症反应和纤维化的关键细胞因子ꎮIL ̄17致病机制复杂ꎬ在PBC中的发病作用虽取得一定进展ꎬ但其机制尚不完全明确ꎮ深入探索IL ̄17信号通路在PBC中的作用机制ꎬ将为临床开辟新的治疗策略ꎬ改善患者的治疗和预后ꎮʌ参考文献ɔ[1]㊀EngelBꎬTaubertRꎬJaeckelEꎬetal.Thefutureofautoimmuneliverdiseases ̄Understandingpathogenesisandimprovingmorbidi ̄tyandmortality[J].LiverIntꎬ2020ꎬ40(Suppl1):149 ̄153. 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IL-17A调控脂肪组织巨噬细胞极化介导双酚A诱导的脂肪组织炎症及胰岛素抵抗摘要:胰岛素抵抗和脂肪组织炎症是糖尿病和肥胖症等代谢性疾病的重要病理基础。
双酚A(BPA)作为一种环境污染物,对调节代谢和免疫系统功能具有负面影响,但其与脂肪组织炎症和胰岛素抵抗的关联分子机制尚不清楚。
本研究发现,BPA 显著增强了IL-17A与C/EBPβ的表达,并促进了极化为M1型巨噬细胞的脂肪组织巨噬细胞的增殖和浸润,导致脂肪组织炎症及胰岛素抵抗的发生。
针对这种情况,使用IL-17A抗体和C/EBPβ抑制剂可显著减轻BPA引起的脂肪组织巨噬细胞极化和脂肪组织炎症,改善体内胰岛素抵抗。
本研究阐明了IL-17A及其下游的C/EBPβ介导的脂肪组织巨噬细胞极化是BPA 介导的脂肪组织炎症及胰岛素抵抗发生的机制,为预防代谢性疾病提供了新的治疗策略。
关键词:双酚A;IL-17A;脂肪组织巨噬细胞极化;脂肪组织炎症;胰岛素抵抗。
Abstract: Insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation are important pathological bases for metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Bisphenol A (BPA), as an environmental pollutant, has a negative impact on the regulation of metabolic and immune system function, but its molecular mechanismassociated with adipose tissue inflammation andinsulin resistance is unclear. In this study, we found that BPA significantly enhanced the expression of IL-17A and C/EBPβ, and promoted the proliferation and infiltration of adipose tissue macrophages polarized to M1 type, resulting in the occurrence of adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. In this case, IL-17A antibody and C/EBPβ inhibitor can significantly alleviate BPA-induced adipose tissue macrophage polarization and adipose tissue inflammation, and improve insulin resistance in vivo. This study elucidates that the adipose tissue macrophage polarization mediated by IL-17A and its downstream C/EBPβ is the mechanism for BPA-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, providing new therapeutic strategies for preventing metabolic diseases.Keywords: Bisphenol A; IL-17A; adipose tissue macrophage polarization; adipose tissue inflammation; insulin resistanceBisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used chemical in the production of plastics and other consumer products. However, studies have linked BPA exposure to multiple health problems, including metabolic disorders such as obesity and insulin resistance. The exact mechanism bywhich BPA contributes to these disorders is not fully understood.In this study, the researchers focused on the role of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in BPA-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. IL-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by immune cells, including a subset of T cells called Th17 cells. Previous research has shown that IL-17A is involved in various inflammatory diseases, but its role in metabolic disorders is less well-known.The researchers exposed mice to BPA and observed increased levels of IL-17A in their adipose tissue, along with macrophage polarization towards the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. This shift in macrophage polarization was found to be mediated by IL-17A andits downstream transcription factor C/EBPβ. In addition, the BPA-exposed mice showed signs of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.To confirm the role of IL-17A in BPA-induced metabolic dysfunction, the researchers treated the mice with an IL-17A-neutralizing antibody. This treatment reversed the inflammatory response in adipose tissue, improved insulin sensitivity, and reduced inflammation in the liver.Overall, this study provides new insights into the mechanisms by which BPA exposure can contribute to metabolic disorders such as obesity and insulin resistance. The results suggest that IL-17A and macrophage polarization may be important targets for preventing and treating these conditionsIn addition to the findings discussed above, this study also highlights the importance of considering the role of environmental toxins in the development of metabolic disorders. BPA is just one of many chemicals that people are exposed to daily, and it has been linked to a variety of adverse health effects in addition to its impact on metabolism.Therefore, it is essential to continue research into the effects of BPA and other environmental toxins on human health. This includes investigating the mechanisms by which these toxins cause harm, identifying vulnerable populations, and developing strategies for reducing exposure.One potential approach is to improve regulation of environmental toxins and increase public awareness of the potential risks associated with exposure. This could involve stronger policies around food andpackaging, as well as consumer education campaigns.Another important avenue of research is to identify protective factors that may help mitigate the negative effects of environmental toxins. For example, some studies suggest that certain dietary factors may reduce the impact of BPA on metabolism. Further research is needed to determine which factors are most effective and how they can be incorporated into public health recommendations.Overall, while the findings of this study are concerning, they also provide opportunities for addressing the complex interplay between environmental toxins and metabolic health. By understanding the underlying mechanisms and developing effective strategies for prevention and treatment, we can improve the health of individuals and populations at risk for metabolic disordersIn the face of the growing burden of metabolic disorders around the world, it is clear that a multilevel and multidisciplinary approach is needed to address the complex underlying factors contributing to this epidemic. This includes not only uncovering the mechanisms by which environmental toxins may be affecting metabolic health, but also understanding howsocial, economic, and political factors may be exacerbating the problem.At the individual level, greater awareness and education around the potential harms of environmental toxins on metabolic health is crucial. While avoiding exposure to every single toxin may be impossible, individuals can take steps to reduce their exposure by avoiding known sources of contamination, using natural and non-toxic household products, and consuming organic foods when possible.At the community level, more attention must be paid to identifying and mitigating sources of environmental pollution in our air, water, and soil. Environmental regulations that limit exposure to harmful toxins must be strengthened, and policies that support the development of non-toxic alternatives must be enacted. Communities must also work to create more green spaces and increase access to healthy foods, which can help to improve metabolic health and reduce the risk of chronic disease.At the policy level, addressing the root causes of metabolic disorders will require bold action and political will. Governments must invest in research to better understand the links between environmentaltoxins and metabolic health, and develop evidence-based guidelines to protect populations at risk. Policies must also be developed to promote access to healthy, affordable foods in underserved communities, and to reduce exposure to toxic chemicals in our food, water, and air.In conclusion, the rising incidence of metabolic disorders is a major public health challenge facing societies around the world. While there is much westill do not know about the complex interplay between environmental toxins and metabolic health, the evidence suggests that exposure to these toxins may be contributing to the epidemic. Addressing this problem will require a concerted effort at all levels, from individual to community to policy, and will require the development of new and innovative strategies to protect the health of individuals and populations at riskIn conclusion, the growing epidemic of metabolic disorders is a major challenge for societies globally, and exposure to environmental toxins may be contributing to its prevalence. Addressing this complex issue will require collaboration and innovation across all levels, from individuals topolicymakers, to protect the health of populations at risk。
第24卷 第9期 2022 年 9 月辽宁中医药大学学报JOURNAL OF LIAONING UNIVERSITY OF TCMVol. 24No. 9Sep .,2022中药过敏康方对银屑病小鼠模型皮损及免疫因子的调节作用王蒙蒙,李欣坪,薛咏梅,乔雪,方琼莲,尹逊青,曾永成,黄丰,林玉萍(云南中医药大学,云南 昆明 650500)摘要:目的 研究中药过敏康方对银屑病小鼠模型皮损组织及免疫因子的调节作用,评价中药过敏康方(Guominkang Decoction,GMK)干预银屑病小鼠模型的作用及机制。
方法 将50只Balb/c雄性小鼠分为5组,分别为正常组(生理盐水)、模型组(咪喹莫特)、甲氨蝶呤组(咪喹莫特+1 mg/kg)、过敏康方高剂量组[咪喹莫特+5.6 g/kg,GMK(H)]、过敏康方低剂量组[咪喹莫特+2.8 g/kg,GMK(L)],每日涂抹咪喹莫特、灌胃给药各1次,连续给药6 d。
给药开始每天对各组小鼠进行表皮厚度及银屑病皮损面积和严重程度指数(PASI)评分;实验结束后,剪取小鼠造模皮肤进行形态学、组织病理学观察;并用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)检测各组小鼠皮损组织中免疫因子白细胞介素(Interleukin,IL)-6、IL-1β、IL-23、IL-8、IL-10、IL-22、IL-17A的表达。
结果 与正常组相比,模型组皮损部位的鳞屑较多,出现红斑,皮肤厚度显著性增高(P<0.001);皮损组织中IL-6、IL-1β、IL-23、IL-8、IL-22、IL-17A 显著性升高(P<0.001);与模型组相比,各给药组皮损部位的鳞屑、皮肤厚度等具有明显的改善;病理学观察皮损组织切片,各给药组均变薄,具有显著性差异(P<0.001);皮损组织中IL-6、IL-1β、IL-23、IL-8、IL-22、IL-17A,各给药组均具有显著性降低。
结论 过敏康方高、低剂量组均具有抑制银屑病小鼠模型的作用,可能与降低IL-6、IL-1β、IL-23、IL-8、IL-22、IL-17A,升高IL-10相关。
MSC治疗小鼠OB模型排斥反应的作用研究史乾;李静;范慧敏【摘要】目的:研究间充质干细胞(MSC)免疫抑制功能在治疗小鼠闭塞性细支气管炎(OB)中的作用。
方法分离C57BL/6小鼠骨髓MSC,建立小鼠气管移植后OB 反应模型,移植当天给予MSC,30 d后处死小鼠,移植气管HE染色,观察移植气管急性排斥反应的发生情况。
并用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测移植排斥相关炎症因子的含量。
结果 MSC治疗移植组与异系移植组相比,排斥反应得到缓解,与无排斥反应的同系移植对照组相似,移植气管管腔阻塞程度缓解。
移植气管ELISA检测发现, MSC治疗移植组小鼠体内炎症因子IFN-g下降,而抑炎因子白细胞介素-10(IL-10)上升。
结论 MSC能缓解小鼠气管移植后OB反应,并调节体内免疫状态,抑制炎症。
%Objective To analyze the effect of immunosuppression of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) in the treatment of mice obliterans bronchiolitis (OB). Methods Marrow MSC of C57BL/6 mice was separated to set OB reaction model after trachea transplantation of mice. MSC was given on the day of transplantation. The mice were put to death after 30 days. HE staining was used on the transplanted trachea, and the situation of acute rejection of transplanted trachea was observed. Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect the content of inflammatory factors related to transplant rejection. Results Rejection reaction in MSC transplant group was eased, compared with different system transplant group, and degree of lumen obstruction in transplanted trachea was also eased, compared with allografts transplant control group without rejection. ELISA test for transplanted trachea showed thatinflammatory factor IFN-g decreased in MSC transplant group, while anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10 (IL-10) increased. Conclusion MSC can ease the OB reaction after trachea transplantation, adjust immune state and inhibit inflammation.【期刊名称】《中国现代药物应用》【年(卷),期】2014(000)019【总页数】2页(P1-2)【关键词】间充质干细胞;闭塞性细支气管炎;白细胞介素-10【作者】史乾;李静;范慧敏【作者单位】200120 同济大学附属上海市东方医院心外科,心力衰竭研究所;200120 同济大学附属上海市东方医院心外科,心力衰竭研究所;200120 同济大学附属上海市东方医院心外科,心力衰竭研究所【正文语种】中文肺移植和心肺联合移植是治疗多种终末期心肺疾病的重要措施, 尽管免疫抑制剂的广泛使用能较为有效的防治急性期排斥, 然而其对慢性排斥的作用却收效甚微。
•综述•国际免疫学杂志2021年1月第44卷第丨期I n t J h m m m〇l,Jan.2021,Vol.44,No.1•97•IL-31与自身免疫性疾病刘冰玉周海舟哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院检验科150001通信作者:周海舟,E m a i l:haizhouzhou@163. c o m,电话:0451 -85553849【摘要】自身免疫性疾病(autoimmune disease,AID)是指机体对自身抗原发生免疫反应而导致自身组织损害所引起的疾病,其发病机制是T、B细胞过度活化。
白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-31是最近发现的一种四螺旋束细胞因子,主要由CI^T T辅助细胞产生,并且在免疫细胞和非免疫细胞受体广泛表达。
研究发现IL-31与免疫学异常密切相关,在自身免疫性疾病的发病机制中发挥重要作用,现就IL-31生物学特性及IL-31在自身免疫疾病中的研究进展进行综述。
【关键词】白细胞介素-31;生物学功能;自身免疫性疾病基金项目:国家自然科学基金(81772261)DOI: 10. 3760/cm a. j. issn.16734394. 2021.01.017IL-31a n d a u to im m u n e d ise a s eLiu Bingyu,Zhou HaizhouDepartment o f Laboratory Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001 ,ChinaCortesponding author:Zhou Haizhou yEm ail:haizhouzhou@163. com, Tel\*************[A b s t r a c t】Autoimmune disease refers to the disease caused by the body’s immune response to its ownantigen and the damage to its own tissue. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is the over activation of Tand B cells. Interleukin(IL)-31 is a recently discovered four-helix beam cell factor, produced mainly by Cl)4 + Tauxiliary cells,and widely expressed in immune cells and non-immune cell receptors. Studies have found thatIL-31 is closely related to immunological abnormalities and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This review summarized the biological characteristics of IL-31 and the progress of IL-31research in autoimmune diseases.[K e y w o r d s]Interleukin-31;Biological function;Autoimmune diseasesF u n d p r o g r a m: National Natural Science Foundation of China( 81772261)DOI : 10. 3760/cm a. j. issn. 1673-4394. 2021.01.017白细胞介素(interleukin,I L)-31 是美国 Dillon 等["在2004年分别从活化的人T细胞c D N A文库 和小鼠睾丸文库中分离鉴定。
IL-17和IL-35与多种疾病之间的研究进展作者:王宇航王为光赵悦荣杜美霖来源:《中国医学创新》2021年第14期【摘要】白细胞介素17(interleukin 17,IL-17)是由辅助性T细胞17(helper T cell 17,Th17)分泌具有细胞因子性质的蛋白,白细胞介素35(interleukin 35,IL-35)是IL-12家族的新成员可抑制Th17的分化及IL-17的分泌,从而发挥免疫抑制作用。
目前研究认为,IL-17和IL-35参与人类各系统疾病的发生、发展,并将与各类疾病的关系进行综述。
【关键词】白细胞介素17 白细胞介素35 自身免疫肿瘤Research Progress between IL-17 and IL-35 and Various Diseases/WANG Yuhang, WANG Weiguang, ZHAO Yuerong, DU Meilin. //Medical Innovation of China, 2021, 18(14): -184[Abstract] Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is a protein with cytokine properties secreted by T helper cell (Th17), interleukin 35 (IL-35) is a new member of the IL-12 family and can inhibit the differentiation of Th17 and the secretion of IL-17, thereby exerting an immunosuppressive effect. Current research believes that IL-17 and IL-35 are involved in the occurrence and development of various human diseases, and the relationship with various diseases will be reviewed.[Key words] Interleukin 17 Interleukin 35 Self-immune TumorFirst-author’s address: The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000,Chinadoi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.14.043白細胞介素17(interleukin 17,IL-17)是由辅助性T细胞17(Th17)、肥大细胞、巨噬细胞等一些细胞,广泛存在多种实体瘤和正常组织中,IL-17在消化系统、呼吸系统、心血管系统、内分泌系统、肾脏系统、免疫系统、恶性肿瘤及血液系统疾病都存在异常分布,与各个系统疾病之间的关系和意义在文献综述里依次展开说明并分析。
第23卷 第6期 2021 年 6 月辽宁中医药大学学报JOURNAL OF LIAONING UNIVERSITY OF TCMVol. 23 No. 6 Jun .,20214种不同中药单体对诺如病毒感染性肠炎小鼠细胞TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平及PKR/p-PKR 影响华云玮1,朱凌宇2,林俊儒2(1.上海中医药大学附属上海市中西医结合医院,上海 200082;2.上海中医药大学附属龙华医院,上海 200003)基金项目:上海市自然科学基金(16ZR1433800)作者简介:华云玮(1985-),女,上海人,主治医师,硕士,研究方向:中医药治疗胃肠病。
通讯作者:林俊儒(1982-),男,上海人,主治医师,硕士,研究方向:中医药治疗胃肠病。
摘要:目的 分析黄芪苷、绿原酸、儿茶素以及马钱酸4种不同中药单体对诺如病毒感染性肠炎小鼠细胞血清肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白介素1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)水平及双链核糖核酸依赖的蛋白激酶R(ribonucleic acid kinase repoter,PKR)/p-PKR 的影响。
方法 该研究采用小鼠小肠黏膜上皮细胞(mice intestinal epithelial cells,MIECs)作为研究对象,小鼠诺如病毒感染小鼠小肠黏膜上皮细胞,Western blot 方法分析4种不同中药单体对感染性肠炎模型PKR、p-PKR 水平的影响;ELISA 方法检测黄芪苷和儿茶素两种中药单体对感染性肠炎模型TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平的影响。
结果 感染性肠炎模型的PKR、p-PKR 随着时间的延长,其水平呈现显著升高趋势;其中黄芪苷组和儿茶素组抑制PKR 的磷酸化(p-PKR)。
通过对感染性肠炎模型TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平的影响分析,发现黄芪苷组和儿茶素组显著抑制感染性肠炎模型的TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平。
doi:10.3969/j.issn.l000484X.2020.23.004细粒棘球蚴感染小鼠M-MDSC对Treg和Th17细胞增殖的调控①徐小丹王二强刘坪孟娟娟桂显伟武杰侯隽王仙吴向未陈雪玲(石河子大学医学院免疫学教研室,石河子832002)中图分类号R383.3文献标志码A文章编号1000-484X(2020)23-2832-05[摘要]目的:分析细粒棘球呦感染小鼠单核型髓源性抑制细胞(M-MDSC)分别对Th17和Treg细胞增殖的调控。
方法:C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组和感染组。
感染组小鼠肝脏注射活原头节5000只感染,对照组注射等体积PBS,于感染后的第30.90天无菌条件下取其脾细胞,流式细胞术检测MDSCs表达水平。
采用磁珠分选技术分离出感染30.90d小鼠脾脏中的M-MDSC,Ficoll分离液分离出naive小鼠脾脏中淋巴细胞,将M-MDSC与淋巴细胞以1:1比例共培养,4d后流式检测Th17和Treg细胞增殖情况。
结果:细粒棘球呦组小鼠(30、90d)脾脏中MDSC的表达率较对照组升高(P<0.01)。
与naive组相比,感染第30天时M-MDSC促进Th17增殖(P<0.05),但对Treg作用不明显,而感染第90天时,M-MDSC能够抑制Th17表达同时促进Treg表达。
结论:细粒棘球呦感染小鼠M-MDSC可能通过调节Th17和Treg的增殖参与宿主的免疫逃逸反应。
[关键词]细粒棘球呦;单核细胞型髓源性抑制细胞;Thl7;TregM-MDSC manipulate proliferation of Treg and Th17cells in mice infected Echinococcus granulosusXU Xiao-Dan,WANG Er-Qiang,LIU Ping,MENG Juan-Juan,GUI Xian-Wei,WU Jie,HOU Jun,WANG Xian,WU Xiang-Wei,CHEN Xue-Ling.Department of Immunology of Medical School,Shihezi University,Shihezi832002,China [Abstract]Objective:To investigate the proliferation of Th17and Treg cells manipulated by mononuclear myeloid derived suppressor cell(M-MDSC)in mice infected with Echinococcus granulosus.Methods:C57BL/6mice were divided into control group and infected group.Infected group was infected with E.granulosus through injected5000protoscoleces in live,while control group injected isopykinc PBS,spleen cells were collected under aseptic conditions at30d,90d after infection.Percentage of MDSCs were detected by FCM,and isolated magnetic bead separation technology was used to isolate M-MDSC.Splenic lymphocytes of naive mice were isolated by beled lymphocytes and sorted M-MDSCs were cocultivated at the ratio of1:1,after4days,evaluated the proliferation of Th17and Treg cells was by FCM.Results:Frequency of MDSCs in spleen was much higher in E.granulosus infected group than those in control group with statistic significances(P<0.01).Compared with naive group at post-infection30d,M-MDSC promoted proliferation of Th17(P<0.05),change of proliferation of Treg were not significant,while at90d post-infection M-MDSC promoted Treg proliferation and suppressed Th17proliferation(P<0.05).Conclusion:In the rats of E.granulosus infection,M-MDSC could regulate proliferation of Th17and Treg cells,indicated it may involve in host immune escape response.[Key words]Echinococcus granulosus;M-MDSC;Th17;Treg包虫病或称棘球蚴病(hydatid disease)是由细粒棘球呦绦虫的幼虫寄生于中间宿主引起的一种严重影响人畜健康的寄生虫疾病,主要分布于牧区,以细粒棘球呦引起的囊性包虫病为多见[1]o棘球呦感染早期无明显症状,但随着包囊体积增大,在感染①本文受国家自然科学基金(No.81760371.81760570.81602810)资助。
白介素-17在肺癌发生及进展中的作用与机制研究进展梅建东;刘伦旭【摘要】白介素-17(interleukin 17,IL-17)是一个重要的炎症因子,参与介导了机体的抗感染免疫及自身免疫性疾病相关的病理性炎症;此外,IL-17还与多种炎症相关的肿瘤有着密切联系.吸烟是导致肺癌的重要危险因素之一,而吸烟等因素所致的肺部慢性炎症反应伴有IL-17过表达,提示IL-17可能与肺癌的发生存在潜在联系;同时,IL-17还通过多种机制影响肺癌进展,本文对这一领域的相关研究进展进行了综述.【期刊名称】《中国肺癌杂志》【年(卷),期】2016(019)001【总页数】6页(P46-51)【关键词】白介素-17;炎症;肿瘤发生;肿瘤进展;肺肿瘤【作者】梅建东;刘伦旭【作者单位】610041成都,四川大学华西医院胸外科,中国西部肺癌早期诊断与综合治疗协同创新中心;610041成都,四川大学华西医院胸外科,中国西部肺癌早期诊断与综合治疗协同创新中心【正文语种】中文1 白介素(interleukin,IL)-17概述IL-17是由Rouvier等[1]从小鼠淋巴样细胞cDNA文库中筛选发现,最初被命名为细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原8(cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 8,CTLA-8)。
Yao等[2,3]证实CTLA-8是来源于CD4+ T细胞的细胞因子,将其命名为IL-17。
此后,多种与IL-17具有同源性的细胞因子陆续被发现,为加以区分,将IL-17又称为IL-17A[4],IL-17家族其他成员包括IL-17B、IL-17C、IL-17D、IL-17E(亦称为IL-25)、IL-17F[5-9],其中以IL-17F在结构和功能上与IL-17A最为接近,同源性高达55%[4],但IL-17A的作用明显强于IL-17F[10],其与受体的亲和力也高于IL-17F,IL-17F则可负调节IL-17A的表达[11]。
PPAR-γ激动剂吡咯列酮对卵蛋白激发气道变应性炎症的调节作用方萍;吴晓明;李满祥;史红阳;张永红;卢佳美【期刊名称】《西安交通大学学报(医学版)》【年(卷),期】2014(035)002【摘要】目的探讨过氧化物酶增殖激活受体(PPAR)γ激动剂吡咯列酮对卵蛋白(OVA)激发哮喘小鼠气道变应性炎症的作用及机制.方法采用OVA激发制备小鼠气道变应性炎症反应模型,同时给予PPARγ激动剂吡格列酮(PGZ,10mg/kg)干预,采用有创肺功能检查、细胞分类计数、ELISA以及组织病理学检查等方法观察气道反应性、血清免疫球蛋白、肺泡灌洗液(BAL)细胞总数、分类计数以及细胞因子、化学因子和支气管肺组织病理学改变.结果 OVA可诱导小鼠气道高反应性和嗜酸性粒细胞炎症,BAL中细胞总数增加,嗜酸粒细胞升高.血清总IgE、IgG1以及特异性IgE、IgG1、IgG2a增加(P<0.01),但总IgG2a仅轻度升高.BAL中IL-4、IL-13、IL-17A 和eotaxin、IFN-γ、MCP-1均明显增加(P<0.01).气道及肺血管周围炎症细胞浸润(P<0.01).PPAR-γ激动剂PGZ可部分抑制小鼠气道高反应性、BAL细胞总数及嗜酸粒细胞百分比增加,同时IL-4、IL-13、IL-17A、eotaxin和IFN-γ也被部分抑制(P<0.05),MCP-1仅被轻度抑制(P>0.05).相应的病理学改变也被部分逆转(P<0.05).而血清总的IgE、IgG1、IgG2a以及特异性IgE、IgG1、IgG2a未见明显变化(P>0.05).结论 PPAR-γ激动剂PGZ对OVA激发小鼠气道变应性炎症反应具有调节作用.【总页数】5页(P235-239)【作者】方萍;吴晓明;李满祥;史红阳;张永红;卢佳美【作者单位】西安交通大学,医学院第二附属医院呼吸内科,陕西西安710004;西安交通大学,生命科学学院,陕西西安710049;西安交通大学,医学院第二附属医院呼吸内科,陕西西安710004;西安交通大学,医学院第二附属医院呼吸内科,陕西西安710004;西安交通大学,医学院第二附属医院呼吸内科,陕西西安710004;西安交通大学,医学院第二附属医院呼吸内科,陕西西安710004【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R562.2【相关文献】1.PPAR-γ的激动剂吡咯列酮抑制肝癌细胞生长和诱导凋亡的实验研究 [J], 丁斌;谢勇;周南进;孙辉2.PPAR-γ的激动剂吡咯列酮抑制肝癌细胞生长的实验研究 [J], 丁斌;谢勇;孙辉;黄德强;罗凌玉;陈江;何星星3.PPAR-γ受体激动剂罗格列酮对兔准分子激光角膜切削术后角膜上皮下雾状混浊的影响 [J], 隋文君;高洪莲;刘奇奇;张磊4.止喘胶囊对气道变应性炎症小鼠T_H1/T_H2的调节作用研究 [J], 要全保;李剑平;冯新格5.PPAR-γ激动剂环格列酮对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的研究 [J], 王命基;刘志勇;陆献成;张运生因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。