法律英语

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shop acts小酒店法令Battery 殴打Assault 侵犯他人身体Conversion of property 非法侵占财产False imprisonment 非法拘禁Trespass to personal and real property 侵占动产、不动产Defamation 诽谤Invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私权Products liability 产品质量责任Liability for Negligence过失侵权责任Causality，Negligent act，Injury因果关系，疏忽行为，损伤duty of care照看义务Guest statutes宾客法规Contributory negligence共同过失Comparative negligence比较过失last clear chance最后明显机会Strict Liability严格责任No fault无过错责任The doctrine of resipsa loquitur不言自明原则fault principle过错原则Medical malpractice 医生渎职insurance premium保险费Actual loss实际损失Unit twelvePublic Corporation,公有公司private Corporation私有公司Corporation sole独有公司Corporation aggregate合有公司Parent Corporation母公司subsidiary Corporation子公司brother Corporation兄弟公司Profit Corporation营利公司Nonprofit Corporation非营利公司Publicly hold Corporation公众持股公司Closely Held Corporation内部持股公司Joint Venture Corporation合资公司Shell Corporation空壳公司Individual proprietorships个体业主Partnerships合伙Corporations公司Uniform Partnership Act同意合伙条例Model Business Corporation Acts标准商务公司条例Securities Act证券法案Securities Exchange Act证券交易条例existing securities现有证券Blue Sky Laws蓝天法Federal Antitrust Laws联邦反托拉斯发Monopolization垄断separate legal entities独立的法律实体written partnership agreement书面合伙协议General partnerships一般合伙Limited partnerships限制合伙Assets, liabilities , dissolution资产，负债，解散publicly held corporations公众持股公司close corporations内部持股公司Secretary of state office州务部长the principal place of business主要营业地Unit fourteenCommercial Law商法The Uniform Commercial Code统一商法典economic welfare经济福利commerce clause商务条款complete grant of power完全的授权commerce power商务条例Modern Commerce Power Tests现代商务权利检验标准Modern Delegation of Power Doctrine 现代授权原则Executive Branch 行政部门interstate commerce 州际商务unconstitutional delegation 违宪的代表团Rulemaking制定行政法规executive agencies行政机构due process 正当程序American Law Institute美国法学会law merchant商业习惯法commercial transaction商务交易business transaction商业交易Sales 买卖Commercial Paper 商业票据Bank Deposit and Collections 银行存款和收款Letters of Credit 信用证Bulk Transfers 大宗转让Documents of Title 所有权凭证Investment Securities 投资证券Secured Transactions 担保交易。

法律英语词汇学习1. 引言法律英语是法律学习的重要组成部分，掌握法律英语词汇是理解和运用法律文件的基础。

本篇文档将介绍一些常用的法律英语词汇，帮助读者更好地理解和运用法律英语。

2. 常用法律英语词汇2.1 法律文件在学习法律英语之前，首先需要了解一些常见的法律文件类型。

以下是一些常用的法律文件的英文表达：•Constitution: 宪法•Statute: 法令•Regulation: 规定•Ordinance: 条例•Decree: 法令/法令书•Directive: 指令•Treaty: 条约•Agreement: 合同•Contract: 合同•Memorandum of Understanding (MoU): 谅解备忘录2.2 法律流程和程序学习法律英语，也需要了解一些常见的法律流程和程序。

以下是一些常用的法律流程和程序的英文表达：•Lawsuit: 诉讼•Hearing: 审理/听证会•Trial: 审判•Appeal: 上诉•Verdict: 裁决•Judgement: 判决•Defendant: 被告•Plntiff: 原告•Witness: 证人•Subpoena: 传票•Petition: 请愿•Settlement: 和解2.3 法律术语掌握常用法律术语对理解法律文件和案件非常重要。

以下是一些常见的法律术语的英文表达：•Legal liability: 法律责任•Breach of contract: 违约•Intellectual property: 知识产权•Tort: 侵权行为•Negligence: 过失•Force majeure: 不可抗力•Injunction: 禁令•Liability insurance: 责任保险•Statute of limitations: 诉讼时效•Confidentiality agreement: 保密协议•Arbitration: 仲裁3. 学习方法3.1 阅读法律文件阅读法律文件是学习法律英语的重要方法之一。

Three Connotations to the Term “Common Law”
Common Law as opposed to Civil Law
Common law jurisdictions—— place great weight on common-law decisions Civil law jurisdictions——place more weight on statute
Common law——formed on the basis of decisions issued by courts. the authority that promulgated the law. Q3) According to the text, what is the essence of the difference between common law and statutory law? Translation 2)
History of Common Law
Legal terms:
inquisitorial system 纠问制 adversarial system对抗制 judicial decision 司法判决
legal institution法律制度 procedure 诉讼程序 negligence疏忽，过失 claim 诉求 decision判决 an accused/ the defendant 被告 accusation 指控，控告
Common-law Legal System
P. 7 Para. 1
Common-law legal system
Civil-law legal system

Lesson One: Legal System 法律制度Background背景自从哥伦布(Christopher Columbus)于1492年航行至美洲之后，大批欧洲人便开始拥向这片"新大陆"。

不过，人们通常把第一批英国定居者(the first English settlers)于1607年到达弗吉尼亚(Virginia)的詹姆斯顿(Jamestown)视为美国法律制度历史的起点。

美国法制史可以大体上分为两个时期，即英属殖民地时期(the Period of the English Colonies)和美利坚合众国时期(the Period of the United States)。

虽然美国的法律制度是在英国法律传统的基础上形成和发展起来的，但是在近四百年的历史进程中，美国的法律制度也形成了一些不同于英国法律制度的特点，如公诉制度(public prosecution)等。

美国属于普通法系(Common Law Legal System)国家，其法律制度有两个基本特点：其一是以分散制(decentralization)为原则；其二是以判例法(case law)为主体。

美国除联邦政府外，还有州政府、县政府、市政府、镇政府等等，而且这些政府都是相互独立的，各自在其管辖范围内享有一定的立法权和执法权。

因此，有人说美国是"一个有许多政府的国家"(a country of many governments)；而美国的法律体系则是一个"零散的无系统"(fragmental no system)。

诚然，美国现在也有很多成文法(written law)或制定法(statutory law)，但是其法律制度仍是以判例法为主体的。

换言之，"遵从前例"(stare decisis)仍然是美国司法活动中最重要的原则之一。

以上两点对于理解美国的法律制度具有重要意义。