英汉文体翻译 第四讲2010
1 第四讲 商务文体的翻译（合同）
合同的作用在于明确陈述和规定不同当事人在有关活动中的权利和义务，由于其涉及领域广泛，如商品、贸易、商检、运输、保险、技术、金融、法律等，因而涉及到不同领域的专业词语和术语。
1. Structure of Contract
1) 合同的开头
EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT (SALES)
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT is made and entered into on ________ day of
_________ (month), ____ (year), by and between: _______ (hereinafter referred to as
the "Company"), a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of
____, with its registered office located at ________________, and ______ (hereinafter
referred to as the "Employee"), an individual, with nationality of _________ (Passport
No._____) residing at _____________.
本聘用协议于___年_月_日签订，双方当事人为：
依_州法律组织设立的________公司 (以下简称本公司) ， 主营业地为_______，与
___国籍的____ (护照号码: _____)(以下简称雇员), 居住于_________________。
2) Recitals
由数个以"Whereas"字样开头的句子所组合而成（这些句子俗称为"Whereas
第 1 页 This contract is made in two originals that should
be held by each party.
此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。
What is left unmentioned in contract may be added
there as an appendix.
本合同未尽事宜，可由双方增补作为合同附件。
The Contract is written in quadruplicate (two for
original and copy respectively) which shall
become valid on
the date of signature.
本合同一式四份〔正副本各两份〕自签署后生效
This Contract is executed in two counterparts
each in Chinese and English, each of which shall
be deemed equally
authentic. This contract is in 2 copies effective
since being signed/sealed by both parties.
本合同为中英文两种文本，两种文本具有同等效力。本合同一式两份。自双方签字〔盖章〕之日起生效。
This contract is made by and between the buyers
and sellers， whereby the buyers agree to buy and
the sellers
agree to sell the under-mentioned. Commodities 第 2 页 according to the terms and conditions stipulated
商务英语词汇把理解为领会口译固定搭配解
释权同近义词说明口译解释翻
商务英语词汇的理解对于口译工作者来说至关重要。在进行口译
过程中，正确掌握和灵活运用商务英语词汇的固定搭配，对于准确传
达信息和表达专业性十分重要。本文将介绍一些常见的商务英语词汇，
并提供其近义词、口译解释和翻译，以帮助口译工作者更好地理解和
运用。
1. Negotiation (谈判)
- Synonyms: discussion, dialogue, conference
- Interpretation in interpretation: the process of
discussion in order to reach an agreement
- Translation: 谈判
2. Contract (合同)
- Synonyms: agreement, deal, arrangement
- Interpretation in interpretation: a legally binding
agreement between two or more parties
- Translation: 合同
3. Market research (市场调研)
- Synonyms: market analysis, marketing research, market
investigation
- Interpretation in interpretation: systematic gathering,
recording, and analyzing of data and information about
customers, competitors, and the market
- Translation: 市场调研
4. Investment (投资)
- Synonyms: capital expenditure, finance, funding
商务英语翻译 之合同翻译
第一节 商务合同的基础知识
第二节 合同英语的词汇特点及翻译要点
第三节 合同英语的句法特点及翻译要点
第四节 合同内容的翻译
第五节 商务合同的翻译标准
第一节 商务合同的基础知识
一、概念与文体
虽然国内外对合同的定义各不相同，但都有一个共同点：A contract is
an agreement, which legally binds the parties concerned。比如，99年中国《合同法》规定，Contacts referred to in this Law are agreements establishing,
modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of
equal footing, that is, between natural persons, legal persons or other
organizations。
在由Steven H. Gifts编著的“Law Dictionary”中，contract被定义为 “a
promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the
performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”根据这一定义，合同是一种承诺，违反承诺可以得到法律救助，在某种意义上，法律将履行该承诺看作是一种补偿。综上可见，合同是平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的法律协议。
商务合同是依法成立的法律性文件，自有其特殊的文体特征。通常所谓的“文体（style）”是指人们运用语言时，总是根据一定的交际内容、交际目的和交际场合，来选取一定的表达形式，即所谓的语言风格；这种风格，既要适应交际对象，又受到特定语言环境的制约。根据美国语言学家Martin Joos（1962）年的分类，合同英语属于庄重文体（the frozen style），是各种英语文体中正式程度最高的一种。总体来说，这种正式性体现在内容的专业性、语言的严谨性和结构的完整性等方面。
