商务英语翻译试题(一)试卷及答案
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商务英语翻译一:选择题(20分,共10小题)主要考课文里面的例句,给出英文的句子,从四个中文选项中选择最佳的答案(感觉不太难,只要认真看书一两遍应该无问题)二:商务词汇英译中(20分,共20小题)考一些有关商务的词汇(感觉有些课本里面有,有些课本里面没有)三:改错题(20分,共10小题)给出一个英文句子,然后给一个错误的中文翻译,要求改正错误(感觉也是从书里的例句抽出来的,不过这题考得细致一些)四:商务信件翻译(20分)给出一封完整的商务信件,要求翻译(感觉课本里面也有类似的信件,不过不知道是不是每次都从课本里抽来考)五:商务合同翻译(20分)抽出商务合同中的其中一段,要求翻译(注意课本里面那篇课文和仅有的那一题课后练习,应该有帮助)05355 商务英语翻译试卷商务英语翻译试卷第1套I. Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points for each) 1. Rising damp, if not treated effectively, could in time cause extensive damage to the structure of your home, ruin decoration and furniture. A. 如果处理不当,墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏,毁掉装修和家具。
如果处理不当,墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏,毁掉装修和家具。
B. 如果处理不当,墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏和损害。
害。
C. 如果处理不当,墙内的潮湿气体准时可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏,毁掉装修和家具。
家具。
D. 如果处理不当,墙内的潮湿气体准时可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏。
坏。
2. This contract is entered into as of the seventh day of March, 2002, by and between Lonk Co. Ltd., a corporation organized under the laws of the United States of America (hereinafter called the "Purchaser"), and Wingo Co. Group, a corporation organized under hereinafter called the "Seller"). the laws of the People’s Republic of China ( A. 2002年3月7日,本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称甲方]和依照中订立。
《商务英语翻译》课程试卷(课程代码:5355考生注意:1.答案必须写在答卷上,写在问卷上无效。
2.考试时间150分钟。
I.Multiple Choices(20points,2points for each第一套试卷1.It is not surprising,then,that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system.Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies.A.A在这种情况下,世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了。
各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。
B.不足为奇,全世界看到了汇率的回归,因此各国中央银行无需维持本币的汇价了。
C.此时此刻,世界各国又恢复了移动的交换比率,因此各国中央银行无需维持本币汇价。
D.在这种情况下,全世界又恢复了浮动交换率,这已不足为奇了,因此各国中央银行也就无需维持本币价格了。
2.Assuming the laboratory tests go well,and you can quote us a competitive price,we wouldcertainly be able to place more substantial orders on a regular basis.A.假定实验室检验顺利,并且你的报价有竞争力,我们会大量向贵公司订货的。
B若实验室检验合格,且你们给我们的报价具有竞争力,我们一定会定期大量订货的。
B.若实验室检验良好,且你们给出的报价具有竞争性,我们一定会定期定量订货的。
C.假定实验室发展良好,且你们的报价具有竞争力,我们一定会大量定期订货的。
3.Chinese researchers have made a breakthrough in developing new materials fornickel-hydrogen batteries used in low temperatures,Inhaul reported.A.中国研究者已经在开发新材料用于低温下使用的镍氢电池方面有了突破,据新华社报道。
全国商务英语翻译考试笔译资料全国商务英语翻译考试练习题(一)Part I. Translate the following sentences into English1. 产品通过广告(例如:电视广告、收音机广告、报纸广告以及广告牌),包装(例如:设计、标签、材料),产品宣传,公关以及个人推销等途径介绍给顾客。
2. 经济界人士普遍认为:两家大公司不约而同在中国举行如此高级别和大规模的业务会议,说明了中国市场对他们的重要性。
3. 如果选择直接投资,必须解决两个问题:第一、选择合适的合作方;第二、要对合作方及其市场情况作财务、技术和法律分析,以确定投资可取性。
4. 故宫也称紫禁城,位于北京市中心,500年中曾居住过24个皇帝,是明清两代的皇宫。
它是中国最大、最完整的宫殿群,是中国文化遗产之宝库。
Part II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese1. I would appreciate it if you could quote us your best CIF price, giving a full specification of your product and shipping date. Of course our technical department would need to have some samples to test before we could place a firm order.2. The landscape of Guilin tops those elsewhere, the landscape of Yangshuo tops that of Guilin. The latter gives a perfect combination of natural scenery and cultural heritage.3. To adapt to the changes in world trade and in compliance with the requirements of both visitors and exhibitors, the Chinese Export Commodities Fair is introducing a major reform in its operation.4. You would get a full refund if there should be a delay in the shipment. However, should you fail to honor your payment in due time, we would terminate the contract and lodge a claim against you.全国商务英语翻译考试练习题(二)Part I. Translate the following sentences into English1. 德国人在商务往来时以十分拘泥于礼节而著称,对德国人来说,头衔很重要,忘记称呼某人的头衔会造成极大的冒犯。
商务英语翻译习题答案第一篇:商务英语翻译习题答案Unit 1 Exercise 11、从合同生效之日起到合同终止的期间内,双方每年举行一次正式会晤,一边讨论合同执行中存在的问题,以及就技术改进与创新问题进行交流,为进一步的技术合作奠定基础。
双方的会晤轮流在两国举行。
讨论的内容和结论载入备忘录中。
每方参加人员不得超过5人,费用自理。
2、如果合同一方未能在合同规定的时限内履行合同义务,并在收到未违约方的通知后15天内未能消除违约或采取补救措施,而且在被允许推迟履行的期限内未履行合同,在此情形下,未违约的一方应书面通知违约方解除合同,同时有权要求违约方赔偿损失。
Exercise 2(1)单单是去年一年的时间,美元已经升值了10%,这与1997年至1998年的亚洲金融危机期间的升值幅度差不多。
(2)美国经济的减速很可能更加支持人们对美元的信心。
2)(1)汇率变动对进口价格的影响取决于柜内市场需求的强度。
(2)事实上,今年美国的出口已经有显著增长,长期以来首次超过了进口。
Unit 2 Exercise 1 当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定的,在履行义务或采取补救措施后,对方还有其他损失的,应当赔偿损失。
发行机构本事业务需要发行债券的,所筹资金必须按批准的用途使用,债券本息的偿还自行负责。
清关手续有住所在该国的一方或其代表办理,这通常是可取的。
因此,出口商通常应该办理出口清关手续,进口商应办理进口清关手续。
Exercise 2 政治稳定指的是………the degree of conflict and cooperatio n within a particular nation and between that nation and others.2、在最近的一次研究中,研究者发现如果一国冲突不断……相反,如果一国合作程度很高,那么公司用于市场营销行为的投资就会多。
…firms made fewer investments in marketing activities.3、市场营销者普遍认为,如果一国的政治关系良好,那么他们所做的努力就会有更多成功的机会。
商务英语翻译试题一试卷及答案.doc商务英语翻译试题(一)Ⅰ词汇测试题:(2 题,每题 10 分,共 20 分)BBCCB1.该组有10 个商务英语英文词或词组,下面均有英文词或词组来进行解释。
请将正确的选项标出,要求英英转换意义准确,符合商务英语规范。
(10 分)(1) to concludeA. to give one’ s place to eachB.to end or judge after someconsiderationC. to explainD. to contain(2) to enforceA. to break or act against a lawB. to cause a law or rule tobe obeyedC. to prevent movement from happeningD. to direct something into a particular place(3) to appointA. to take back propertyB. to meet someone’s needsC. to choose someone officially for a jobD. to claim forsomething(4) to approveA. to abide byB. to comply withC. to have a positive opinionD. to come up with(5) obviateA. to violateB. to remove a difficulty,toavoidC. to allow sb to doD. to be apparent(6)to violateA.to break or act against a law, principleB.to beat or threaten someoneC. to obey a lawD. to cause a rule to be obeyed.(7) with respect toA. comply withB. in relation toC. conform toD. coincide with(8) to entertain a clientA. to cater forB. to treat sb. at the tableC. to launch a productD. to shorten a vacation(9)temptationA.trying to attract peopleB.to encourage the popularity, sales and developmentC.to allow the value of money to varyD.to judge or decide the amount(10)advanceA.to support by giving moneyB.to go or move sth. forward, to develop or improveC. to improve or increaseD. to produce or provide2.有 10 个商英英文或,下面均有或来行解,将正确出,要求英意准确,符合商英范。
V . TRANSLATION (3段短文,每段5分,共15分)Translate the following passages into Chinese:36. Meetings are an important method of exchanging information in any business setting. There are board meetings, conferences, training sessions, and staff meetings. A meeting may consit of a supervisor and one employee, a group of colleagues, or employees and their vendors or clients.A: 会议是商务环境中一种重要的交流信息的方式。
会议的类型有董事会、业务会、培训会和全体职员会。
一次会议的参加者可能会由一名主管、一名雇员、一组同事、或业务员以及他们的供货商或客户所组成。
37. Before wirting a report, you must do some preliminary work. Even if you are simply reporting facts, you must gather those facts and then arrange them in an easy-to-follow, logical sequence. A: 开始撰写报告前,必须先做一些准备工作。
即使是简要报告情况,也必须收集有关材料,然后进行整理使之合乎逻辑,容易理解。
38. In a personal setting, listening deepens relationships. The power of listening in our personal relationships is immense. When we listen to someone, we are saying nonverbally, “You are important.”The failure to listen sends a message to a person that he or she is unimportant.A: 在社交场合,聆听加深人际关系。
《商务英语翻译》课程试卷(课程代码:5355)考生注意:1. 答案必须写在答卷上,写在问卷上无效。
2. 考试时间150分钟。
I. Multiple Choices (20 points, 2 points for each)第一套试卷1.It is not surprising, then, that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system. Centralbanks were no longer required to support their own currencies.A.A在这种情况下,世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了。
各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。
B.不足为奇,全世界看到了汇率的回归,因此各国中央银行无需维持本币的汇价了。
C.此时此刻,世界各国又恢复了移动的交换比率,因此各国中央银行无需维持本币汇价。
D.在这种情况下,全世界又恢复了浮动交换率,这已不足为奇了,因此各国中央银行也就无需维持本币价格了。
2.Assuming the laboratory tests go well, and you can quote us a competitive price, we would certainly be able to place more substantial orders on a regular basis.A.假定实验室检验顺利,并且你的报价有竞争力,我们会大量向贵公司订货的。
B 若实验室检验合格,且你们给我们的报价具有竞争力,我们一定会定期大量订货的。
B.若实验室检验良好,且你们给出的报价具有竞争性,我们一定会定期定量订货的。
C.假定实验室发展良好,且你们的报价具有竞争力,我们一定会大量定期订货的。
3.Chinese researchers have made a breakthrough in developing new materials for nickel-hydrogen batteries used in low temperatures, Inhaul reported.A.中国研究者已经在开发新材料用于低温下使用的镍氢电池方面有了突破,据新华社报道。
商务英语翻译试题〔二〕Ⅰ词汇测试题:〔2题,每题10分,共20分〕1.该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组,下面均有英文词或词组来进展解释。
请将正确的选项标出,要求英英转换意义准确,符合商务英语规。
〔10分〕(1) promoteA. to encourage the popularity, sale or developmentB. to change or varyC. to act as judge in an argumentD. to speak or write to someone(2) to addressA. to speak or write to someone, or to direct information at someone.B. to offer, supplyC. to stipulateD. to e up with ideas(3) to indemnifyA. to pay for the damageB. to state something officiallyC. to suggest an ideaD. to use something instead of another(4) to cancel an orderA. to confirm an orderB. to deliver a letterC. to remend a candidateD. to make void or of no effect(5) ceilingA. upper limitB. cancellationC. bottomD. the lowest point(6) tide overA. to help sb. during a period of difficultyB. to spend a lot of time doingC. to tie to sth.D. to try one’s best(7) carry outA. to take awayB. to perform or pleteC. to give or offer somethingD. to suggest an idea(8) to plicateA. to finish somethingB. to be dissatisfied with somethingC. to make something more difficult to deal withD. to pare with something(9) to put on an eventA. to e up with ideasB. to e on for sth.C. to arrange for sthD. to work on managerial skills(10) emergencyA. sth. dangerous or serious which happens suddenlyB. stipulationC. sales promotionD. an act of breaking a law, promise or agreement2. 该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组,下面均有汉语词或词组来进展解释,请将正确项选出,要求英汉转换意义准确,符合商务英语规。
世纪商务英语翻译教程第六版答案unit11、19.Students will have computers on their desks ________ . [单选题] *A.in the future(正确答案)B.on the futureC.at the momentD.in the past2、--Henry treats his secretary badly.--Yes. He seems to think that she is the _______ important person in the office. [单选题] *A. littleB. least(正确答案)C. lessD. most3、This kind of work _______ skills and speed. [单选题] *A. looks forB. waits forC. calls for(正确答案)D. cares for4、—Is this ______ football, boy? —No, it is not ______.()[单选题] *A. yours; myB. your; mine(正确答案)C. your; meD. yours; mine5、If you want to _______, you’d better eat more healthy food and do more exercise. [单选题] *A. keep fatB. keep calmC. keep healthy(正确答案)D. keep on6、_____ before we leave the day after tomorrow,we should have a wonderful dinner party. [单选题] *A. Had they arrived(正确答案)B. Were they arriveC. Were they arrivingD. Would they arrive7、Don’t swim in the river. It’s too _______. [单选题] *A. interestingB. easyC. difficultD. dangerous(正确答案)8、14.He is cutting the apple ________ a knife. [单选题] *A.inB.toC.with(正确答案)D.by9、Mary's watch is more expensive than _____. [单选题] *A. Susan's(正确答案)B. that of Susan'sC. that of SusanD. Susan10、John is quite _______. He likes to attend activities in?his spare time. [单选题] *A. active(正确答案)B. quietC. lazyD. honest11、This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. [单选题] *A. howB. whichC. that(正确答案)D. what12、I walked too much yesterday and ()are still aching now. [单选题] *A. my leg's musclesB. my leg muscles(正确答案)C. my muscles' of legD. my legs' muscles13、They took _____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. [单选题] *A.efficientB.beneficialC.validD.effective(正确答案)14、Which do you enjoy to spend your weekend, fishing or shopping? [单选题] *China'shigh-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past fewyears.A. are growing(正确答案)B. have grownC. will growD. had grown15、Kids will soon get tired of learning _____ more than they can. [单选题] *A. if they expect to learnB. if they are expected to learn(正确答案)C. if they learn to expectD. if they are learned to expect16、_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. [单选题]*A. TravelB. Traveling(正确答案)C. Having traveledD. Traveled17、Finally he had to break his promise. [单选题] *A. 计划B. 花瓶C. 习惯D. 诺言(正确答案)18、He used to get up at six in the morning,()? [单选题] *A. used heB. did heC. didnt he (正确答案)D. should he19、56.Sam is in a hurry. Maybe he has got ________ important to do. [单选题] * A.everythingB.nothingC.anythingD.something(正确答案)20、She is a girl, _______ name is Lily. [单选题] *A. whose(正确答案)B. whoC. whichD. that21、Marie is a _______ girl.She always smiles and says hello to others. [单选题] *A. shyB. friendly(正确答案)C. healthyD. crazy22、—How do you find()birthday party of the Blairs? —I should say it was __________ complete failure.[单选题] *A.a; aB. the ; a(正确答案)C.a; /D.the; /23、Before you quit your job, ()how your family will feel about your decision. [单选题] *A. consider(正确答案)B. consideringC. to considerD. considered24、He _______ maths. [单选题] *A. does well in(正确答案)B. good atC. is well inD. does well at25、_______ your parents at home last week? [单选题] *A. IsB. WasC. AreD. Were(正确答案)26、—______is my notebook?—Look! It’s in your schoolbag.()[单选题] *A. WhatB. WhichC. Where(正确答案)D. How27、_____you may do, you must do it well. [单选题] *A.WhichB.WheneverC.Whatever(正确答案)D.When28、______ my great joy, I met an old friend I haven' t seen for years ______ my way ______ town. [单选题] *A. To, in, forB. To, on, to(正确答案)C. With, in, toD. For, in, for29、I don’t like playing chess. It is _______. [单选题] *A. interestingB. interestedC. boring(正确答案)D. bored30、John had planned to leave, but he decided to stay in the hotel for()two days because of the heavy rain. [单选题] *A. otherB. the otherC. another(正确答案)D. others。
《商务英语翻译》A卷答案第一篇:《商务英语翻译》A卷答案《商务英语翻译》A卷答案一.选择(10×1’)(1-5)DBDBC(6-10)BBDAC二.词组翻译(15×2’)1.连锁反应6.匀速11.安眠药2.感冒7.定期航班12.成品3.洗澡8.常客13.穿红衣服的女孩4.玩得开心9.主持会议14.徒劳5.照顾小孩10.养鸡15.伟大贡献三.翻译填空(10×2’)1.the very beginning2.the first time3.cheap and fine4.not surprisingly5.shook his head6.that killed the rat7.As long as we don’t lose heart8.if we have time9.If you can come10.delaying making四.句子翻译(10×4’)1.他决不会干那事。
2.我根本不在乎你说什么。
3.20年来的事实证明,改革开放给全国人民带来了很大利益,是深得人心的。
4.当大多数人真的能干他们想干的事时,他们总是不知所措,想不出令人快乐的值得做的事。
5.他想告诉约翰,他没有料到他的知识有这么渊博,但是觉得有些不好意思,没有说出口。
6.国家所有重点大学都建在这一地区。
7.彩虹是阳光穿过天空中的小水滴时形成的。
8.我们楼上还有两间空房,前两年没怎么用。
9.他听到女教师不住地夸他法语,他非常高兴。
10.20世纪70年代后期,中国开始实行改革开放政策以来,越来越多的外国人到这里工作。
第二篇:商务英语翻译习题答案Unit 1 Exercise 11、从合同生效之日起到合同终止的期间内,双方每年举行一次正式会晤,一边讨论合同执行中存在的问题,以及就技术改进与创新问题进行交流,为进一步的技术合作奠定基础。
双方的会晤轮流在两国举行。
讨论的内容和结论载入备忘录中。
商务英语翻译试题(一)Ⅰ词汇测试题:(2题,每题10分,共20分)BBCCB1.该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组,下面均有英文词或词组来进行解释。
请将正确的选项标出,要求英英转换意义准确,符合商务英语规范。
(10分)(1) to concludeA. to give one’s place to eachB. to end or judge after some considerationC. to explainD. to contain(2) to enforceA. to break or act against a lawB. to cause a law or rule to be obeyedC. to prevent movement from happeningD. to direct something into a particular place(3) to appointA. to take back propertyB. to meet someone’s needsC. to choose someone officially for a jobD. to claim for something(4) to approveA. to abide byB. to comply withC. to have a positive opinionD. to come up with(5) obviateA. to violateB. to remove a difficulty, to avoidC. to allow sb to doD. to be apparent(6) to violateA. to break or act against a law, principleB. to beat or threaten someoneC. to obey a lawD. to cause a rule to be obeyed.(7) with respect toA. comply withB. in relation toC. conform toD. coincide with(8) to entertain a clientA. to cater forB. to treat sb. at the tableC. to launch a productD. to shorten a vacation(9) temptationA. trying to attract peopleB. to encourage the popularity, sales and developmentC. to allow the value of money to varyD. to judge or decide the amount(10) advanceA. to support by giving moneyB. to go or move sth. forward, to develop or improveC. to improve or increaseD. to produce or provide2. 该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组,下面均有汉语词或词组来进行解释,请将正确项选出,要求英汉转换意义准确,符合商务英语规范。
(10分)(1) to deal with (complaints)A. 处理日常事务B. 论述某项事情C. 处理顾客投诉D.与某人做买卖(2) to come into beingA. 开始变化B. 形成,成立C. 发生质变D. 进入(3) brand loyaltyA. 对企业的信誉B. 对条款的信誉C. 对商标的信誉D. 对产品的信誉(4) market toneA. 市场预期B. 市场行情C. 市场波动D. 市场供求(5) for fileA. 赔偿B. 供参考C. 供查找D.存档(6) compensationA. 安慰,宽慰B. 补偿,赔偿C. 理解,体谅D. 协调,一致(7) at one’s own expenseA.花费…钱B. 以…代价C. 费用自理D. 以昂贵的价格购买(8) aggregateA. 聚集B. 使……加重C 赞同D 欣赏(9) marketabilityA. 市场营销B. 市场销售能力C. 市场准入D. 市场性(10) in returnA. 作为回报B. 返回C. 以…的代价D. 货币回笼II.语境意义,完形填空题(2题,共30分)本组考题共有15个空,每空下有多项意义近似的英语选项,从中择一准确选项填入空内。
要求:A 词语的特定环境所产生的意义。
B 词语的情态色彩意义。
C 词语的语法意义D 句子与超句群在特定的集约形式中的意义。
E 语篇的主题意义1.完形填空题(10空,每空1.5分)OfferValidity time of offerAn offer becomes __1___ when it reaches the offeree (CISG Art.15 ). On this point, the laws in all states share the same view, for an offer is an indication of seller’s __2___, and the offeree can only decide whether to accept it or not when he receives it. Therefore, if one party expects or somehow learns that someone is sending him an offer before he really receives it, he sends an “acceptance” to the offer or, in this case. No contract is formed even if the content of the “acceptance” __3___with the offer he receives later. The “acceptance” is in fact an offer, and therefore, no contract can be formed on this unless the other party __4___ the “acceptance”.Withdrawal of offerThe ___5___ of offer means that the offeror, for some reason, withdraws his offer before it reaches the offeree or before it becomes effective. This may happen when the offeror finds that the offer he makes contains some mistake,or that the situation has changed which makes his offer ___6___ to him. The common practice is to make use of a faster means of communication to send the message of withdrawal so that it can reach the offeree earlier than the offer does.Revocation of offerTo revoke an offer means that when the offer has reached the offeree, and it has become effective, the offeror acts to revoke the offer thus to kill its effectiveness. The issue of whether an effective offer may be revoked _7___ hot debates among scholars from different law systems. The civil law system __8__ that an offer is __9___ within the validity time, or during the time in expectation of a reply, while the common law system provides that an offer may be revoked at any time unless it is accepted. The Convention makes some mediation between the two legal systems of the world which agrees in principle that an offer is revocable before the note of acceptance is dispatched but provides that on the following two occasions, an offer is irrevocable.1) It indicates, whether by starting a fixed or otherwise, that it is irrevocable.2) If it was reasonable for the offeree to rely on the offer as being irrevocable and the offeree has acted in __10___ on the offer.1. A. objective B. meaningful C. effective D. helpful2. A. proposal B. tone C. case D. term3. A. differs B. coincides C. deals D. copes4. A. refuses B. dispatches C. confirms D. receives5. A. withdrawal B. lose C. validity D. mediation6. A. good B. unfavorable C. well D. worst7. A. raises B. arouses C. rises D. puts8. A. provides B. writes C. names D. relies9. A. revocable B. irrevocable C. relevant D. irrelevant10. A. rely B. depend C. dependence D. reliance2.语境意义题:文中有五处缺少内容,请从文后的选项中选出合适的选项,填回到原文中相应的位置(5空,每空3分)Many of today's banking services were first practiced in ancient Lydia,Phoenicia, China, and Greece, where trade and commerce flourished. The temples in Babylonia made loans from their treasuries as early as 2000 B.C.. The temples of ancient Greece served as safe-deposit vaults for the valuables of worshipers. The Greeks also coined money and developed a system of credit. The Roman Empire had a highly developed banking system, and its bankers accepted deposits of money, made loans, and pur- chased mortgages. Shortly after the fall of Rome in AD 476, banking declined in Europe.(1) _______________ The moneychangers of the Italian states developed facilities for exchanging local and foreign currency. Soon merchants demanded other services, such as lending money, and gradually bank ser- vices were expanded.The first bank to offer most of the basic banking functions known today was the Bank of Barcelona in Spain. Founded by merchants in 1401, this bank held deposits, exchanged currency, and carried out lending operations. It also is believed to have introduced the bank check. (2) _______________ These institutions laid the foundation for modern banks of deposit and transaction.For more than 300 years, banking on the European continent was in the hands of powerful statesmen and wealthy private bankers, such as the Medici family in Florence and the Fuggers in Germany. (3) _______________ The Bank of France was organized in 1800 by Napoleon. The hank had become the dominant financial institution in France by the mid-1800s. In Germany, banking experienced a rapid development about the middle of the 19th century with the establishment of several strong stock-issuing, or publicly owned banks.Banking in the British Isles originated with the London goldsmiths of the 16th century. These men made loans and held valuables for safekeeping. By the 17th century English goldsmiths created the model for today's modern fractional reserve banking -- that is, the practice of keeping a fraction of depositors' money in reserve while ex- tending the remainder to borrowers in the form of loans. Customers deposited gold and silver with the goldsmiths for safekeeping and were given deposit receipts verifying their Ownership of the gold deposited with the goldsmith. These receipts could be used as money because they were backed by gold. But the goldsmiths soon discovered thatthey could take a chance and issue additional receipts against the gold to other people who needed to borrow money. (4) _______________ Hence , the amount of receipts or claims on the gold frequently exceeded the actual amount of the gold, and the idea that bankers could create money was born.(5) _______________ Other banks existed in the colonies prior to this, most notably the Bank of Pennsylvania, but these banks were chartered by individual states. In 1787 the Bank of North America changed to a Pennsylvania charter following controversy about the legality of a congressional charter. Other large banks were chartered in the early 1780s by the various states, primarily to is- sue paper money called bank notes. These notes supplemented the coins then in circulation and assisted greatly in business expansion. The banks were also permitted to accept deposits and to make loans.A. Three other early banks, each managed by a committee of city officials,were the Bank of Amsterdam (1609), the Bank of Venice (1587), and the Bank of Hamburg (1619).B. This worked as long as the original depositors did not withdraw all theirgold at one time.C. The increase of trade in 13th-century Italy prompted the revival of banking.D. During the 19th century, members of the Rothschild family became themost influential bankers in all Europe and probably in the world. This international banking family was founded by German financier Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1743 ~1812), but it soon spread to all the major European financial capitals.E. Because there were no minimum reserve requirements on deposits, banknotes were secured by the assets of the issuing banks. Most assets took the form of business loans.F. The first important bank in the United States was the Bank of NorthAmerica, established in 1781 by the Second Continental Congress. It was the first bank chartered by the U.S. government.III.形式主义类题(5句,每句4分,共20分)该题型旨在考核学生两种语言对应能力,五个汉语单句需译成英语,要求体现原语形式意义。