2017-2018学年高中英语译林版必修5教学案：Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing Word版含解析
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Section ⅣGrammar & Writing对应学生用书P15 语法图解探究发现①Sometimes, other children say we are no fun because we are both very academic and like to study, but we like it that way.②I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz, saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade.③You know I would rather visit the dentist than study algebra and arithmetic!④My best friend Matthew has stopped talking to me.⑤Shouting at him just made him feel worse.⑥Speaking of friends, I've met some nice people here in London and I think we might become close friends.⑦I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.⑧It's a great honor to be invited to Tom's birthday party.[我的发现](1)句①和句②中动词不定式在句中分别作宾语和状语；句③中使用了省略不定式符号to的动词不定式。
(2)句④、句⑤和句⑥中的动名词在句中分别作宾语、主语和状语。
(3)句⑦中使用了不定式的完成式；句⑧使用了不定式的被动语态。
Ⅰ.动词不定式一、动词不定式的时态和语态带to的动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式四种形式，一般式和完成式有被动语态。
其具体形式见下表：他答应帮助我。
We hoped to have finished the work earlier.(finish 这一动作发生在hoped之前)我们本希望早点儿完成这项工作。
He pretended to be sleeping when I went in.(sleep在pretended发生的时候，正在进行) 我进去时，他假装正在睡觉。
The book to be published soon is very interesting.(the book是publish的承受者)即将出版的这本书很有趣。
She is known to have been dealing with the problem for many years.(deal这一动作发生在is之前且一直进行着)大家知道她处理这个难题已经有很多年了。
[即时演练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空①Don't wait for him.He is said to have gone (go) to Shanghai.②You are supposed to be sleeping (sleep) now.Why are you still in the office?③The result seems to come (come) out in a moment.Please be patient.④In order to be chosen (choose) in the first round, the girl made careful preparations for the singing competition.⑤His novel is said to have been translated (translate) into several foreign languages and sellvery well across the world.二、动词不定式的句法功能1．不定式作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。
动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。
To be here with all of you is a pleasure for me.与你们所有人来这儿，我很高兴。
It is important to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语很重要。
How to make requests politely is important.如何有礼貌地提出请求很重要。
[即时演练2] 句型转换/完成句子①To give up smoking is right.→It is right to give up smoking.②做早操有利于我们的健康。
To do morning exercises is useful for our health.③对我们来说，很难在一刻钟内写完这篇作文。
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.④When and where to hold the meeting is still unknown to us.何时何地举行会议我们还不知道。
2．不定式作宾语不定式可以放在及物动词或及物动词短语的后面作宾语。
常见的这类动词及短语有：三个希望(hope，wish，want)两答应(agree, promise)；两个要求(demand, ask)莫拒绝(refuse)；设法(manage)学会(learn)做决定(decide)；不要假装(pretend)在选择(choose)。
I hope to have my own bike.我喜欢有辆我自己的自行车。
My father came down and demanded to know what was going on.我父亲从楼上下来要求知道正在发生什么事情。
[名师点津]如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。
常用it作形式宾语的动词有：believe, consider, feel, find, know, make等。
I know it impossible to finish so much homework in one day.我知道在一天内完成这么多的作业是不可能的。
[即时演练3] 单句语法填空/单句改错①I decided to go (go) to the countryside on vacation.②We have planned to make (make) a school radio program.③Would you like to go (go) with me or would you rather stay (stay) at home?④I find it pleasant to work with him.⑤They hope find new resources for mankind.hope后加to3．不定式作宾语补足语常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, beg, cause, help, force, allow, permit, advise, order, get, want, wish, tell 等。
有时，作宾语补足语的不定式用于被动语态中时也可称为主语补足语。
He asked me to do the work with him.(宾补)他要我与他一起工作。
The doctor warned you not to eat too much meat.(宾补)医生告诫你不要吃太多的肉。
Passengers are permitted to carry only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.(主补)乘客只被允许携带一件行李乘机。
[名师点津]在think, consider, suppose, believe, imagine, prove, find 等动词后常用“to be＋表语”结构作宾语补足语。
此时to be常省略。
Imagine yourself (to be) in his place.设想你处于他的位置。
[即时演练4] 完成句子/一句多译①下课后他们被允许在教室里讲话。
They are allowed to talk in the classroom after class.②他们告诉他不要再迟到了。
②－1They told him not to be late again.②－2He was told not to be late again.4．不定式作表语动词不定式放在be, seem, remain等动词的后面作表语，表示将来的情况或说明主语的内容。
His job is to teach English.他的工作是教英语。
The problems remain to be unsettled.问题还没有解决。
[即时演练5] 完成句子①现在我们有聊天室，能发短信、电子邮件等等，但是我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的艺术。
Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, e-mailing and so on, but we seem to be losing the art of communicating face to face.②下一步要确保你确切知道需要的是什么。
The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.5．不定式作定语不定式作定语要注意以下几点：(1)放在被修饰词的后面；(2)在时间上表示将来；(3)不定式所修饰的名词是不定式所表示动作的承受者；(4)当名词被序数词及next, last, only 等词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语；(5)被修饰词是抽象名词如ability, desire, chance等时，也常用不定式作后置定语。
The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。
We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng.我们制定了一个向雷锋学习的计划。
