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Attributive Clause（II）（for students）定语从句（Ⅱ）一概述关系代词在定语从句中作主语，宾语或定语等，常见的关系代词有________ ________ _______ _________ ___________ 及as.关系副词在定语从句中作状语，一般不可省略。
常见的关系副词有when, where, why.正确选择关系代词which/that或关系副词when/where的关键在于：关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分。
比较以下两组句子：(which/that ) I visited last year. (which/that 作___________)1）I returned to the citywhere I grew up. (where作______________)(which/that) we spent together. (which/that作________) 2）I will never forget the dayswhen we worked together. (when 作_____________)二关系副词引导的定语从句1. 关系副词when引导when 在定语从句中作时间状语，从句修饰的是表示时间的名词。
eg: 1）The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.翻译：______________________________________________________________2）The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.翻译: ________________________________________________________________2. 关系副词where引导where在定语从句中作地点状语，定语从句修饰的是表示地点的名词。
Unit 5Section ⅡⅠ.用“介词＋关系代词”完成句子导学号 571442941．For many cities in the world，there is no room to spread out further，__of which__ New York is an example.解析：考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
句意：对世界上的很多城市来说，已经没有向外进展的空间了，其中纽约就是一个例子。
an example与of搭配，意为“……是……中的一个例子”。
2．There are many books on the shelf in his study，most __of which__ he really enjoys.解析：句意：在他书房里的书架上有很多书，其中大部分他的确很宠爱。
此处关系词指代前文的“many books”，且作介词的宾语。
3．John's dream was to have a big house of his own __in which__ he could live with his whole family.解析：句意：约翰的幻想是拥有自己的一座大房子，在那里他能和全家生活在一起。
a big house为先行词，且从句中缺少地点状语，in which＝where。
4．We took a road map with us during our last trip，__without which__ we would have lost our way.解析：句意：我们在上次旅途中带了一张路线图。
假如没有那张图，我们就会迷路。
a road map是先行词，which指代先行词，由句意填介词without。
5．The organization，__of which__ Tom is the president，was founded ten years ago.解析：句意：这个组织创建于十年前，汤姆在这里当主席。
语法精讲精练非限制性定语从句选修7 unit 5【基本用法】定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。
1）限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
(限制性) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。
(非限制性)2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理•史密斯去年退休了,他曾My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
注：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
【考题引路】例1. The school shop, customers are mainly students,is closed few the holidays. （2011·四川卷）A.which B.whose C.when D.where【解析】先行词是The school shop指物，且与从句之间有逗号，故本题选B。
U n i t5G r a m m a r定语从句非限制性定语从句一．概述非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开;如若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间;起前后都需要用逗号隔开..1)The other day I met Li Lei; who seemed to be very busy.不久前的一天我碰上李雷了;他好象很忙..2)His mother; who loves him very much; is strict with him. 他妈妈很爱他;对他要求很严格..非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1)He failed in the exam. _It_ made his parents angry.2)He failed in the exam; It made his parents angry.3)He failed in the exam; _which made his parents angry.二．非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：一非限制性定语从句中的关系词：1. 关系代词如下表所示：1)The house; ______ we bought last month; is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮;是我们上个月买的..2)Miss Howe; _______you met in the library; is our new teacher.3)Yesterday I bought a T-shirt; ________only cost me 18 Yuan.4)Tom’s father; ________is over sixty; still works hard day andnight.汤姆的父亲已经六十多岁了;但他仍然从早到晚忙碌地工作..5)Li Ming; ________ mother has been ill for two days; is absent fromschool today.6)Yesterday she sold her car; _______ she bought a month ago.7)John’s wife; ____woks in Beijing ;came back home yesterday.注意：非限制性定语从句中关系代词which/whom在从句中作宾语时;不可省略..1)This book; which you can get at any bookshop; will give you all theinformation you need.这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料;它在任何一家书店都能买到..2)This morning I met Tom; whom I hadn't seen for ages.今天早上我碰见汤姆;我很多年未见到他了..2.关系副词有when和where；关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句;要用for which代替..1)Yesterday Jimmy left for Canada; _______ he had stayed two years.昨天;吉米动身到加拿大去了;他曾在那儿呆了两年..2)The People’ s Republic of China was founded in 1949; _________hewas born.3)I had told them the reason; __________I didn’t attend the meeting. 二关系代词前介词的选择..1.依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定1)I bought a great many books; ______which I spent all my money thatI saved.我买了很多书;这些书花了我所有的积蓄..2)This project; _______which I have devoted lots of time; will bea great success.这项工程我投入了很多时间;肯定能成功..2.依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定1)I’ll never forget the time; during which I spent my childhood inthe country.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光..2)Her bag; in which she put all her books; has not been found.用适当的介词填空：1)In the dark street; there wasn’t a single person ___whom she couldturn for help.2)At last we found the hole in the wall _________ which the mouse gotinto the house last night.三含有“不定代词both/some/any/all/none等或基数词+of which/whom“结构的非限制性定语从句1)He has three sons; all of whom are college students.2)There are 51 students in Class Three;none of whom failed in themonthly examination last week.3)Here are the questions; some of which I thought are difficult foryou.4)Present at the meeting were almost experts on DNA; most of whom camefrom the US.出席会议的大都是DNA专家;其中大部分来自美国..5)I have three foreign teachers; two of whom are from Canada.填空：We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people; most o f ______are healthy.小贴士此类题解题的关键是看句中的标号.. 如果是逗号;通常考虑关系词;反之;考虑人称代词..1)He has two sons. Both of ________ are teachers.2)He has two sons; both of ________ are teachers.四关系代词as的用法1.as 与which 都可以代指主句整个句子的内容;有时可以互换He is a doctor ;as/which we know from his manner.2. 区别点：A.as引导的定语从句可以放在句首;而which 则不能..B.as意为“正如……”;后面的谓语动词多是see;know;expect;say;mention;report;announce等；which意为“这一点”..1)He didn’t know French; which made it difficult for him to studyat a university in France.2)Smoking is harmful to one's health;as we know;3)As we know;more than seventy percent of the earth is covered withwater.正如我们所知;地球表面的70%以上被水覆盖..4)He came back home late;as we expected.正如我们所料;他回家晚了..注意：as的固定结构：She is late;as is often the case．她迟到了;这是经常的事Taiwan;as you know;is an inseparable part of China．你知道;台湾是中国不可分割的一部分..As is announced in the papers;our country has launched another man-madeearth satellite．报纸宣布;我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星..I’ve never heard such a wonderful song as he’s singing.即学即练：1)The number of the students in senior high schools isincreasing;________is mentioned above;2)________is often the case with elder people;my grandma talked aboutmy new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.比较：It is so heavy a box as no man can lift.这是一个没有人搬得动的大盒子..It is so heavy a box that no man can lift it.This is such a novel as all people;both young and old;like to read.. This is such a novel as all people;both young and old;like to read it.高考链接：1. I walked in our garden; _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.2. The Beatles; _______ many of you are old enough to remember; came from Liverpool.3. She was educated at Beijing University; ____ she went on to haveher advanced study abroad.4. Last week; only two people came to look at the house;_______ wantedto buy it.5. It is reported that two schools; _____ are being built in my hometown;will open next year.6. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors;_____ are beyond our control.7. They will fly to Washington; _____they plan to stay for two or three days.8. Many children; ______ parents are away working in big cities; aretaken good care of in the village．9. Whenever I met her; _______ was fairly often; she greeted me witha sweet smile.10. As a child; Jack studied in a village school; _______is named after his grandfather.11. The settlement is home to nearly 1;000 people; many of _____ left their village homes for a better life in the city.12. Our teacher urges us to form a good habit of learning;________wethink will benefit us in the13. Remember that there is still one point________we must make clearat the conference tomorrow.14. All the neighbors admire this family;________the children andparents build up a friendly relationship.15.As to the unemployment;the government has taken a series of measuresin many areas;________;I am sure;will benefit the people out of work. 16The reason _______ he was late again was that he was caught in a traffic jam in the rush hour. 117.I hate the way _______ you talk to your mother.18.You think the reason _______ he gave is believable.19.____ is reported in the newspaper ; talks between the two countries are making progress.20. Is this museum _____they visited last month21.---- Where did you meet him first ----- It was in the hotel ＿he stayed.22. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.23. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked; “Is there ahospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand ”24. They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting; but none of _______were carried out in their work.25. Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park; ____parents were seated together joking.2014辽宁卷Dear Jeremy and Alice;Although we’ve been delighted to have you as neighbors; we’re hoping to settle something that bothers to us. In a word; your dog—Cleo. We’ve called several time about Cleo’s early morning barking. It is difficult to understan ding why she barks every minute she’s outside. The early morning barking have been disturbing us as wc arc often up all night with the baby. Beside; Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. This morning she starts barking even before 5 o’clock. That is too much for us. considering how closely the houses are. We appreciate our apologies and goodwill; but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.2014陕西卷My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals; insects and trees. My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.One evening at sunset; we sat by the fire; have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target.Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky — they were looked like rain We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.That day I didn’t learn much about animals; insects or trees; but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity答案去掉us前面的to试题解析动词bother困扰;麻烦；这是一个及物动词;后面直接加宾语;不需要使用介词to..2. 答案time改为times试题解析本句中的time表示“次数”;是一个可数名词;前面有several修饰;说明使用复数形式..3. 答案understanding改为understand试题解析本句中的it是一个形式主语;真正的主语是后面的不定式结构to understand why….；不定式结构中to后面要接动词原形..4. 答案have改为has试题解析本句的主语是单个的动名词短语the early morning barking;做主语时;谓语动词要使用单数形式..5. 答案beside改为beside试题解析介词beside以为“在…旁边”；本句中的besides是一个副词“而且”;单独使用;表示递进关系..6. 答案bark后面的a改为an试题解析名词average是以元音开始的单词;所以使用an修饰average of…..7. 答案starts改为started试题解析本句叙述的是具体早晨发生的事情;也就是过去所发生的事情;所以使用一般过去时started..8. 答案closely改为close试题解析本句how close the houses are中的close本应该是在系动词are 的后面;构成系表结构are close..Closely是一个副词;副词通常不能和许系动词连用构成系表结构的..9. 答案our改为your试题解析句义：我们很欣赏你的歉意..根据后面的you可知对方是来道歉的..10. 答案figure后面加out试题解析固定搭配figure out找到;算出..我们希望你能够找到一个解决问题的好方法..1.答案wanted后面加to试题解析固定搭配want to do sth想要做某事；to是不能省略的;不定式to do sth作为want的宾语..2. 答案come改为came试题解析根据本文第一句可知讲述的是过去发生的事情;所以使用一般过去时;所以使用came..3. 答案have改为having试题解析本句中动词have与句子主语we构成逻辑上的主动关系;所以使用现在分词在句中做状语..4. 答案immediate改为immediately试题解析本句中应该使用副词immeately来修饰谓语动词jumped;在句中做状语..形容词immediate不能做状语..5. 答案on改为at试题解析固定搭配shoot..at…不能使用介词on..At表示瞄准的对方或者方向..6. 答案Neither改为none试题解析代词neither表示两者都不…；而本句中没有提及两者;应该是有很多的鸟..故使用none表示三者或者三者以上的全部否定..7. 答案was改为were试题解析本句的主语是复数名词arrows;所以谓语动词使用复数形式were..8 答案去掉were或者looked试题解析本句是指箭如雨下;要么使用look like看起来像..；要么使用be like…像…一样..9. 答案but改为and试题解析我们四处逃跑;很幸运的是没有人受伤..根据上下文语境可知表示并列关系..10. 答案a改为an试题解析后面的形容词impressive是以元音开始的;所以使用an..。
