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A Technological Revolution in Education课文生词讲解( new words study)prevalenta. (fml.)existing commonly, generally, or widely (in some place or at some time ); predominant (正式)（在某地或某时）流行的，盛行的；普遍的The habit of traveling by aircraft is becoming more prevalent each year.坐飞机旅行一年比一年普遍了。
One simple injection can help to protect you right through the cold months when flu is most prevalent. 只要打上一针预防针就能帮助你度过流感盛行的寒冷月份。
continuityn. [U]uninterrupted connection or union (through time or space) 连续性，连贯性There is no continuity of subject in a dictionary. 词典的主题没有连续性。
This paper lacks continuity. 这篇论文缺乏连贯性。
inherenta. existing as an essential constituent or characteristic; intrinsic固有的，内在的，天生的The communication skills that belong to each species of animal, including people, are not inherent. 包括人在内的动物所具有的交际技能并不是天生的。
With his inherent love of life, he started meeting people socially again, although he abstained from alcohol and cigarettes. 由于天生热爱生活，他又开始了社交生活，但戒绝了烟酒。
Section A 内容详解①You could help clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。
a．句中could并不是过去时，而是用比较委婉的语气向对方提出建议，当然用can也是可以的，只是语气显得有点儿生硬。
如：You could help do some cleaning at home on Sundays.星期天你可以在家帮着打扫卫生。
He could be of some help to you if you're in trouble.你碰到难事时，他也许会对你有所帮助。
b．句中clean up为不定式，由于在help之后，故省略了不定式符号to。
通常，在help动词之后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，该动词不定式的符号to可以省略。
在谓语动词help 用于被动语态的时候，其后面的动词不定式符号to不能省略。
如：We often help clean up the streets on Sundays.星期天，我们常常帮助清洁街道。
I helped him repair his car.我帮他修好了自行车。
Could you help pass the book？你能帮忙把那本书递过来吗？Jim often helps his mother wash vegetable when she is cooking.吉姆常常在妈妈做饭的时候帮助洗菜。
The farmers were helped to pick apples and pears.农民们摘苹果和梨时得到了帮助。
She was helped to get everything ready in advance.她得到帮助，把所有的事情都提前准备好了。
We will be helped to send the living necessities.在运送生活必需品方面，我们将会得到帮助。
Section A内容详解Language Goal：Talk about how long you have been doing things.语言目标：谈论事情做了多久1aGROUPWORK小组活动Discuss these questions．谈论这些问题。
1．How long did you sleep last night?昨晚你睡了多久？2．When did you start①class today?今天什么时候开始上课的？3．How long have you been in class today?今天你在班里待了多久了？Alison，how long have you been skating?艾莉森，你滑冰多久了？I've been skating for five hours②．我已滑了5个小时了。
Wow!哇!1bListen．A reporter is talking to the participants in a skating marathon.Fill in the chart below．听录音。
一位记者正在采访参加滑冰马拉松赛的运动员。
填写下面的表格。
How long?多久了?Alison艾莉森I've been skating for five hours．我已滑了五小时了。
Sam萨姆I skated for four hours．我滑了四小时了。
Victor维克多Celia西莉亚听力原文Woman：Alison，how long have you been skating?艾莉森，你已滑了多久了？Alison：I've been skating for five hours．我滑了五个小时了。
Woman：Wow!Sam，how long did you skate?哇!萨姆，你滑了多长时间呢？Sam：I skated for four hours.I started at nine o'clock in the morning and stopped at one o’clock in the morning I'm very tired.我滑了四个小时，上午九点我开始滑，下午一点停了下来。
UNIT1 FESTIVALSAND CELEBRATIONS主题语境——人与社会ꢀ节日庆祝素养导航Expats find new ways to enjoy the holiday periodAs the Lunar New Year becomes increasingly recognized across the world,expats①who spend the traditional festival in China are discovering a wide range of enjoyable pursuits②.Huda Mohammed,a doctoral③student at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing,is looking forward to④spending her third Spring Festival in China.“My favorite part of Lunar New Year is the fireworks,” Huda said.“I went out with my friends to the street at 11 p.m. on New Year’s Eve to see the fireworks.It was so nice.” She said her friends even searched online to check locations where fireworks could be seen,and they visited them to enjoy the displays.“After the stunning fireworks,we returned to the campus and had some dumplings made by my Chinese friends,” she said.She also had fun with the online red envelope games on WeChat.People can give and receive digital red envelopes,or hongbao,containing real money,on their phones.“We just kept receiving and giving red envelopes,which was really fun,” she said. For Huda,the best thing about spending the Spring Festival in Beijing is the lack of passengers on public transportation,which she called “super good”.According to the data from the city’s department of statistics,as many as 8 million people of Beijing’s population of 21 million are from other parts of China,which means that about 40 percent of the city’s residents⑤may return to their hometowns to spend the traditional festival with their families.In addition⑥,a large number of people choose to travel abroad during the holiday,meaning traffic congestion⑦is not an issue during the festival period.ꢀFor expats who stay in the capital,it’s a good time to travel around and enjoy the city.“I like Beijing during the Spring Festival.Many people leave the city and it’s really easy to get around.I’m excited that I’m going to experience this festival in China and be part of it,”a man from South Africa said.“I know some of the traditions about this festival such as people going back home and getting together.I wonderif it’s like Christmas for westerners?The Beijing municipal⑧government has invited us to a traditional concert.I’m very much looking forward to it,” she said.词海拾贝①expat n.移民国外者②pursuit n.爱好,消遣③doctoral adj.博士的④look forward to期待,向往ꢀ⑤resident n.居民⑥in addition另外⑦congestion n.拥挤⑧municipal adj.市政的典句欣赏According to data from the city’s department of statistics,as many as 8 million people of Beijing’s population of 21 million are from other parts of China,which means that about 40 percent of the city’s residents may return to their hometowns to spend the traditional festival with their families.译文:根据北京市统计局的数据,在北京2 100万人口中,多达800万人来自中国其他地区,这意味着大约40%的北京居民可能会回到家乡与家人一起过这个传统节日。
人教版新目标英语八年级下册Unit 5 What were you doing when therainstorm came?Section A (3a—3c)一、教学内容本课选自人教版新目标八年级（下）第五单元。
这是一节阅读课，以本一家为主线，运用一般过去时描述其在一场暴风雨当中的经历。
从整体上看，Section A 首先通过语言输入及对话题的讨论到对词汇、短语等新语言知识的初步呈现，以及运用对话对Section A所学内容的综合运用，进而过渡到语篇阅读和书面表达的训练，最终将单元所学词汇及语法结构完全融合到阅读和写作交流之中，并结合新出现的语言内容进一步提高语言表达能力。
二、学情分析本课教学对象是初二年级学生，经过了初中近两年的学习，他们已经有一定的词汇积累，并具备了基本的阅读理解能力。
本班学生学习英语兴趣较浓，学习程度相对较好。
学生在Section A前半部分已经基本掌握过去进行时的表达方法，在篇章中理解和运用过去进行时以及描述过去发生的事情是本课的重点，且关于暴风雨的经历学生在实际生活中较为缺乏，因此要在教学中给学生创设出情景，鼓励他们表达。
三、教学目标：1.知识目标a. 学生能够熟练掌握教材中的“四会”单词、词组：wind, apart, wood, light, flashlights, candles, matches, die down。
b. 学生能够熟悉并正确运用过去进行时。
2.能力目标a. 学生能够运用过去进行时谈论文本中出现的活动b. 通过阅读训练，学生能够学会寻找中心句，利用scanning和skimming的阅读技巧提取语篇的重点信息。
3.情感目标a. 通过本课的学习，学生能够养成在危难中互帮互助的精神。
四、教学重难点1. 教学重点：a. 培养学生在英语阅读中获取信息的能力，提高阅读的效率。
b. 熟悉并运用过去进行时。
2. 教学难点：a. 通过阅读训练，培养学生在英语阅读中获取信息的能力，提高阅读的效率。
《Section A》知识清单Section A 通常是一个比较宽泛的概念，它可能出现在各种学科、教材或考试中。
为了更有针对性地为您整理这份知识清单，我们假设Section A 是关于初中数学中的代数部分。
一、整式1、单项式定义：由数与字母的积组成的代数式叫做单项式，单独的一个数或一个字母也叫做单项式。
系数：单项式中的数字因数叫做这个单项式的系数。
次数：一个单项式中，所有字母的指数的和叫做这个单项式的次数。
2、多项式定义：几个单项式的和叫做多项式。
项：在多项式中，每个单项式叫做多项式的项，其中不含字母的项叫做常数项。
次数：多项式里，次数最高项的次数，就是这个多项式的次数。
3、整式：单项式和多项式统称为整式。
二、整式的加减1、同类项定义：所含字母相同，并且相同字母的指数也相同的项叫做同类型。
合并同类项法则：同类项的系数相加，所得的结果作为系数，字母和字母的指数不变。
2、整式的加减一般步骤：（1）去括号；（2）合并同类项。
三、整式的乘法1、幂的运算同底数幂的乘法：底数不变，指数相加，即＼（a^m×a^n ＝ a^｛m+n}＼）幂的乘方：底数不变，指数相乘，即＼（（a^m)＾n ＝ a^｛mn}＼）积的乘方：先把积中的每一个因数分别乘方，再把所得的幂相乘，即＼（（ab)＾n ＝ a^n b^n\）2、单项式乘以单项式法则：把它们的系数、相同字母分别相乘，对于只在一个单项式里含有的字母，则连同它的指数作为积的一个因式。
3、单项式乘以多项式法则：用单项式去乘多项式的每一项，再把所得的积相加，即＼（m(a ＋ b ＋ c) ＝ ma ＋ mb ＋ mc\）4、多项式乘以多项式法则：先用一个多项式的每一项乘另一个多项式的每一项，再把所得的积相加，即＼（（a ＋ b)（m ＋ n) ＝ am ＋ an ＋ bm ＋ bn\）四、乘法公式1、平方差公式：＼（（a ＋ b)（a b) ＝ a^2 b^2\）2、完全平方公式：＼（（a ± b)＾2 ＝ a^2 ± 2ab ＋ b^2\）五、整式的除法1、单项式除以单项式法则：把系数、同底数幂分别相除，作为商的因式，对于只在被除式里含有的字母，则连同它的指数一起作为商的一个因式。
Section A内容详解Language Goal：Talk about recent events语言目标：谈论最近发生的事情。
1aWhat are the three most important things to pack when you go on a beach vacation?A city vacation?Write your ideas below．当你要去海滨度假时，在打包时最重要的三件东西是什么?到城市度假呢?在下面写出你的见解。
A beach vacation海滨度假Sightseeing in a city在城市观光1．bathing suit①游泳衣2．________________ 3．________________ 1．________________ 2．________________ 3．________________Have you packed the beach towels yet②?No,I haven't．你把浴巾放进包里了吗?没有，我没放。
要点解疑①bathing shit是“游泳衣”，统指各种游泳衣，女游泳衣常用swimming costume或swim-suit来表示，男游泳衣用trunks来表示。
例如：He went to the beach in a hurry,but he forgot to bring the trunks．他匆忙赶到海滨，但是忘记了带游泳衣。
He found that he took the swim-suit by mistake．他发现他拿错了游泳衣。
②yet是个副词，无比较等级，用于否定句时是“还；尚；迄今；到那时”的意思；用于疑问句时，意思是“已经”。
例如：She is not yet here．她还未到。
We have received no news from him yet．我们还没有收到他的任何消息。
Section A 内容详解①It must belong to Carla.这肯定是卡拉的。
a．英语中用于表示推测时，在肯定句中可用must，could，may，might，would，对现在的情况进行推测，后面用状态性的动词；对过去的情况进行推测时，其后面用have done。
其中must表示完全肯定。
其余的could，may，might 所表示的可能性或肯定程度依次递减。
如：Mary must have some trouble; she keeps crying over there.玛丽肯定遇到了什么麻烦，她不停地在那儿哭泣。
There is someone at the door. It must be Liu Lin.有人在敲门，肯定是刘琳。
You must have fallen asleep, because it took you a long time to answer the call.你刚才肯定是睡着了，因为过了好长时间才接电话。
His brother must have taken the magazine away.他弟弟肯定把那本杂志带走了。
Will you go to answer the phone？ It could be your mother calling you.请你接一下电话好吗？可能是你妈妈打来的。
（不说It can be your mother...）According to the radio, it might rain this evening.根据电台的气象预报，今晚可能有雨。
"Might he have been punished yesterday？" "Yes, he might／may have been."“昨天他受罚了吧？”“可能吧!”He looks so angry. He might／may have heard what you said.他看上去很生气。
