构词法之派生法
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英语构词法 一、构词法之派生法的讲解 英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。 派生Derivation 前缀 前缀 含义 例词
a- 处在…… arise,aside,alone en- 使可能 enrich,enable,enslave dis- 不，否定 dissatisfy,dishonest,disappear,disorder,disagree un- 不 做相反动作 unable,unknown,uncommon,uncomfortable,unfair,unclose,undress,uncover,untie in- im- ir- il- 不，非 inactive,incapable,inpatient,incorrect impossible,impersonal,impolite,immature,impractical irregular,irresponsible illogical, non- 不，非 nonexistent,non-interference,non-conductor,non-stop de- 向相反方向发展 Decentralize（分散）,defrost（解冻） anti- 反（对） anti-freeze,anti-fascist mis- 错误的，坏的 misdoings,misunderstand,misfortune re 重复，再 rewrite,remarry,reunite,recycle, co- 共同 co-exist,co-operate,co-education ex 以前的 Ex-husband,ex-president tele 远程 telephone,telegraph,telescope super- 在上面，超级 supermarket,superpower, under- 在……之下 underline,underestimate,underground, inter- 相互，之间 international,interact,inter-change
sub- 下，次 subtitle,submarine,subconscious,subcontinent, trans- 过，穿过，变 transformation(变形),translate vice- 副 vice-premier,vice-president semi- 半 semifinal,semicircle,semi-automatic bi 两个 bicycle,biennial两年一次的 tri 三个 triangle三角形,tricycle三轮脚踏车,triplets三胞胎 mul- 多，多种 multiply,multi-national,multi-coloured kilo- 千 kilometre,kilogram 后缀 后缀 例词 名 词 -er farmer,weaver,pain-killer,murderer,,villager,stranger,s
peaker,cooker,recorder,heater -ess actress,waitress,princess,hostess -or conductor,sailor,transistor,operator, -ar beggar -ese Chinese,Portuguese,Japanese -ian musician,Egyptian,physician -ist scientist,dentist,communist,socialist, -ent/-ant assistant -ment argument,judgment,government -ness happiness,greatness,illness,coldness,sleeplessness -tion dictation,preparation,repetition,action,information,invention -ing building,wedding,painting -ship leadership,friendship,hardship -age shortage,marriage,leakage -ty loyalty,cruelty,penalty,sixty,twenty,thirty,certainty -th truth,warmth,length,growth,fifteenth,fourth -ance acceptance,assistance,reliance,appearance -ence dependence,confidence,reference,entrance,defence -ful mouthful,handful,plateful, -al refusal,denial,arrival -y difficulty,possibility, -dom freedom,wisdom,kingdom -ism socialism,materialism
注意：-ese,-ian,-ist既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词。 -er构成的名词，既有表示人的，又有表示物的。
后缀 例词
形 容 词
-al central,industrial,national,natural -an European,American,Australian -ern eastern,northern,southern -able reasonable,horrible,terrible,believable,comfortable,forgettable,sensible -ful careful,cheerful,grateful,faithful, -ish childish,Swedish,selfish -ive destructive,collective,active,creative,effective -y thirsty,dirty,windy,sunny,cloudy,healthy,funny -less careless,hopeless,helpless,homeless,sleepless,fearless,limitless -en golden,wooden,woolen -ous courageous,famous,continuous,serious,various -ary imaginary,revolutionary,secondary -ic realistic,historic,poetic -some troublesome,burdensome,lonesome,handsome -like childlike,womanlike,manlike -ant ignorant,significant,observant,important -ent diligent,silent,excellent,frequent -ly lively,friendly,lovely,weekly,brotherly,motherly -ish childish,foolish 后缀 例词
动 词
-ize realize,modernize,mechanize,criticize, -en widen,strengthen,lengthen,sharpen,widen,shorten,quicken,deepen -fy Simplify,beautify,terrify, 后缀 例词 副 词 -ward(s) forward,northward,backward,downward
-ly slowly,quickly,carefully,loudly,happily,friendly
二、课堂巩固练习 Ⅰ.Matchtherightwordsfromtherightcolumnwiththewordsontheleft. ()1.enrich A.tryingtofindjobs ()2.semicircle B.remove,getridofice,frost ()3.troublesome C.of,having,usingimagination ()4.sharpen D.makeorbecomesharp ()5.job-hunting E.halfacircle ()6.limitless F.causingtrouble ()7.imaginative G.makerich,improveinquality,flavour,etc. ()8.defrost H.withoutlimit Ⅱ.Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks. 1.Themotherdidn’tknowwhyherdaughterwascrying_______.(noise) 2.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play) 3.Look!How______Kateislaughing!(happy) 4.Itsnowed_____lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy) 5.Edisonwasagreat______.Duringhislifehehadmany______.(invent) 6.Moreandmore_____havecometovisitChinaovertheseyears.（foreign） 7.Wewant_________reasonsforyourfailuretohelp.(satisfy) 8.Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwill______mytask.(simple) 9.Theboyhadthe_______ofbeinghalfstarved.(appear) 10.Thepolicehave_______aplotagainstthePresident.(cover) 11.ThedoctorsaidthatMary’smotherneededan_______.(operate) 12.Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomea_______.(music) 13.Few______wordsmadeusexcited.(speak) 14.Thedaysonthemoongethotterthan______water.(boil) 15.Thankyouforyour_________.(kind)
