英语科技论文写作1

早年习惯用的开场白为： This is a report on… In this paper the author presents… The purpose of this article is to … 这类套话，应简写成： The paper/author suggests /presents …
一个令人满意的标题，既不要过于概括，以致 流于空泛、一般化；也不宜过于烦琐，使人得不出鲜 明印象，难于记忆和引证。
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写标题时应注意的问题：
（1）标题是一种“标记”，而不是句子（也有少数作者使用 句子作标题）。一个句子一般要有主语、谓语、宾语，标题 通常不采用句子形式，比句子简洁，但词的先后顺序很重要， 次序错误是标题写作中常犯的错误。
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2.3 绪论一些常用的句型
The experiments (research)on …was carried by …
Recent experiments by …have suggested that …
The previous work on …has indicated that…
The paper is divided into five major sections as follows…
（2）要说明新材料名称，新数据，包括物理常数等。如不 能说明，也要提到这些。提到新的项目和新的观察是很重要 的，哪怕它们对本论文的主旨来说仅仅是附带而已。
（3）在说明实验结果时，要说明采用的方法。如果是新方 法，还得说明基本原理、操作范围和准确度。
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
摘要的目的 摘要的组成部分 摘要的长度 写摘要的注意事项
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D、少用主语形式
有些作者不主张多用，认为多用存在下列问题： • 占去句首醒目的强调位置，平添一个that主语从句，

Research Reports for Business and Technical WritingWayneLosanoA surprising amount of one's time as a student and professional is spent reporting the results of one's research projects for presentation to teachers, managers, and clients. Indeed, without basic research skills and the ability to present research results clearly and completely, an individual will encounter many obstacles inschool and onthejob.The need for some research-writingability isfelt nearly equally by college students in all fields, engineering and science as well as business and the humanities.Graduate study oftenmakes great demands onthe student's research-writingskills,and most professions continue the demand;education, advertising and marketing, economics and accounting, science and engineering, psychology, anthropology, the arts, and agriculture may all require regular reporting of research data.ELEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH PAPERThe standard researchreport,regardless of the field or the intended reader,contains four major sections. These sections may be broken down into a variety of subsections, and they may be arranged in a variety of ways, but they regularly make up the core of the report.Problem Section. The first required section of a research report is the statement of the problem with which the research project is concerned.This sectionrequires a precise statement of the underlyingquestionwhichtheresearcher has set out to answer. In this same section there should be anexplanation of the significance - social, economic, medical, psychological, educational,etc.-of the question;inother words,why the investigationwas worth conducting. Thus, if we set out, for example, to answer the question "What is the effect of regular consumption of fast foods on the health of the American teenager?" we must explain that the question is thought to have significant relevance tothe healthof this segment of the'populationandmight leadtosomesort of regulations on such foods.A frequent subsection of this problem section is a review of past research on the topic being investigated. This would consist of summaries of the contributions of previous researchers tothe questionunder considerationwithsome assessmentof the value of these contributions. This subsection has rhetorical usefulness inthat it enhances the credibility of the researcher by indicating that the data presented is based ona thoroughknowledge of what has beendone inthe fieldand, possibly, grows out of some investigative tradition.Procedures Section. The second major sectionof the researchreport details,with as much data as possible, exactly how the study was carried out. This section includes descriptionof any necessary equipment,how the subjects were selectedifsubjects were used, what statistical technique was used to evaluate the significance of the findings, how many observations were made and when, etc. An investigationof the relative effectiveness of various swim-strokes would have todetail the number of swimmers tested, the nature of the tests conducted, theexperience of the swimmers, the weather conditions at the time of the tests, andany other factors that contributed to the overall experiment. The goal of the procedures section is to allow the reader to duplicate the experiment if such were desired to confirm, or refute, your findings.Results Section. The third, and perhaps most important, section of the research report is the presentation of the results obtained from the investigation. The basic rule inthis sectionis to give all data relevant to the researchquestioninitially asked. Although, of course, one's natural tendency might be to suppressany findings which do not in some way support one's hypothesis, such dishonesty is antithetical to good research reporting in any field. If the experiments undertaken fail to prove anything, if the data was inadequate or contrary to expectations, the report should be honestly writtenand as complete as possible,just as it would be if the hypothesis were totally proven by the research.Discussion Section . The final required section of a research report is a discussion of the results obtained and a statement of any conclusions which may be drawnfromthose results. Of primary interestinbusiness andtechnical researchreports is the validity of the results as the bases for company decisions: Will ourplanned construction project meet federal environmental guidelines and beapproved for building? Will this new program attract skilled personnel to our werethey validly obtained, arethey completeor limited, arethey applicableover awiderangeof circumstances? Thediscussion section should also point out what discussion section of theresearch report must evaluatetheresearch results fully:Thus, the company? Will this new oil recovery technique be financially feasible?questions remain unansweredandperhaps suggest directions for further research.STYLE OF RESEARCH REPORTSResearch reports are considered formal professional communication. As such, thereis li t leemphasis ona lively style,although,of course,thereis noobjectiontowriting that is pleasing and interesting. The primary goals of professional communication are accuracy, clarity, and completeness. The rough draft of any researchreport shouldbe editedtoensure that all data is correctly presented,thatall equipmentis listed,thatall results areproperly detailed.As anaidtothereader,headings indicating at least the major sections of the report should be used, and all data should be presented under the proper headings. In addition to their function of suggesting to the reader the contents of each section, headings enhance the formal appearance and professional quality of the report, increase to some degree the writer's credibility by reflecting a logical and methodical approach to the reporting process, and eliminate the need for wordy transitional devices between sections.Researchdata should be presented ina way that places proper emphasis onmajor aspects of the project.For different readers different aspects will take on different degrees of importance, and some consideration should be given to structuringresearchreports differently for different audiences.Management,forexample,will be most concerned withthe results of a researchproject,and thusthe results section should be emphasized, probably by presenting it immediately after the problemsection and before the procedures section.Other researcherswould be most interested in the procedures section, and this should be highlighted in writing up research projects for publication in professional journals or for presentation at professional conferences. For non-technical readers and federal agencies, the implications of the results might be the most important consideration, and emphasis should be placed on the discussion of the report for this readership.For additional clarity and emphasis, major results should be presented in a visual format - tables, charts, graphs, diagrams - as well as in a verbal one.Beyond checking the report for clarity and accuracy in the presentation of technical data,the author of a researchreport shouldreview for basic grammaticaland mechanical accuracy. Short sentences are preferable to long in the presentation of complex information. Listings should be used to break up long passages of prose and to emphasize information.The research writer should try to use the simplest possible language without sacrificing the professional quality of the report. Although specialized terms can be used, pretentious jargon should be avoided.A finishedre115searchreportshouldbe a readable anduseful documentprepared with the reader in mind.CONCLUSIONAlthough we struggle with research reports in high school, dread them in college, and are often burdened by them in our professional lives, learning to live comfortably withthemis a relatively easy task.A positive attitude(i.e.,one thatsees the oral or written presentation of research results as of equal importance to the data-gatheringprocess);anorderly approachwhichincludes prewriting(i.e.,before any actual researchis done,the researcher shouldtry togetdownonpaperas much about the subject under investigation as possible) and a formal research reportstructure as the framework for the investigation;anda reasonable approachto the actual writingprocess includingeditingfor accuracy and clarity,will helpone to produce effective research reports efficiently.。

英语科技类作文范文English:In the realm of technology, innovations have vastly improved our daily lives, changing the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world. The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and automation have led to more efficient and convenient ways of completing tasks. For instance, the rise of smart devices like smartphones and virtual assistants has made information accessible at our fingertips, enabling us to stay connected and informed. Moreover, technological breakthroughs in healthcare have revolutionized the medical field, from precision medicine to robotic surgeries, enhancing patient care and outcomes. In addition, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching methods, providing interactive learning experiences and personalized instruction for students. As we continue to push the boundaries of technology, the future holds endless possibilities for further innovation and progress.Translated content:在科技领域，创新大大改善了我们的日常生活，改变了我们与世界沟通、工作和互动的方式。

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科技英语论文的写作
Outline
一、标题写作 二、摘要写作 三、正文写作 四、结束语和参考文献写作
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一、标题写作
科技论文的标题是表达论文的特定内容，反映研究范围和深度的 最恰当、最简明的逻辑组合，即题名应“以最少数量的单词来充 分表述论文的内容”。题名的作用主要有二方面： • （1）吸引读者。题名相当于论文的“标签”，一般读者通常是根 据题名来考虑是否需要阅读摘要或全文，而这个决定往往是在一 目十行的过程中做出的。因此，题名如果表达不当，就会失去其 应有的作用，使真正需要它的读者错过阅读论文的机会。 • （2）辅助文献检索。文献检索系统多以题名中的主题词作为线索 ，因而这些词必须要准确地反映论文的核心内容 否则就有可能产 生漏检。此外，图书馆和研究机构大都使用自动检索系统，其中 有些是根据题名中的主题词来查找资料的。 因此，不恰当的题名 很可能会导致论文“丢失”，从而不能被潜在的读者获取。
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• 5) 题名中的大小写。题名字母的大小写有以下3种格式。 ① 全部字母大写。 ② 每个词的首字母大写，但3个或4个字母以下的冠 词、连词、介词全部小写。 ③ 题名第1个词的首字母大写，其余字母均小写。 目前第二种格式用得最多，第三种格式的使用有增多 的趋势。 • 6) 题名中的缩略词语。已得到整个科技界或本行业科技 人员公认的缩略词语，才可用于题名中，否则不要轻易使 用。
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二、摘要写作
1. 摘要的概念和作用 • 摘要又称概要、内容提要。摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的， 不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。 国家标准规定：摘要是报告、论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短 陈述。摘要内容包括：研究目的、研究对象、研究方法、研究结 果、所得结论、结论的适应范围及意义等6项内容。其中，研究的 对象与结果是每篇摘要必不可缺的内容。 • 摘要应具有独立性和自明性，即不阅读全文，就能获得必要的信 息。因此摘要是一种可以被引用的完整短文。对一篇完整的论文 都要求写随文摘要，摘要的主要功能有： • 1) 让读者尽快了解论文的主要内容，以补充题名的不足。现代科 技文献信息浩如烟海，读者检索到论文题名后是否会阅读全文， 主要就是通过阅读摘要来判断；