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科技论文中、英文摘要及关键词的写作要点1 摘要的概念和作用摘要是对“论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述”。
对一篇完整的论文都要求撰写随文摘要。
其作用有二：1）让读者尽快了解论文的主要内容，以补充题名的不足。
科技文献数量大，读者不可能一拿到文章就通读。
是否需要通读某篇论文，从题名上进行判断后，主要的是根据摘要来决定，所以，摘要担负着吸引读者和介绍文章主要内容的任务。
2）为科技情报人员和计算机检索提供方便。
论文发表后，文摘杂志对摘要可以不作修改或稍作修改而直接利用，从而可避免由他人编写摘要可能产生的误解、欠缺和错误，这就为科技文献的检索和利用提供了极大的方便。
2 摘要的分类2．1 报道性摘要即资料性摘要或情报性摘要。
它用来报道论文所反映的作者的主要研究成果，向读者提供论文中全部创新内容和尽可能多的定量或定性的信息。
尤其适用于试验研究和专题研究类论文，多为学术性期刊所采用。
篇幅以200~300字为宜。
2．2 指示性摘要即概述性摘要或简介性摘要。
它只简要地介绍论文的论题，或者概括地表述研究的目的，仅使读者对论文的主要内容有一个概括的了解。
篇幅以50~100字为宜。
2．3 报道—指示性摘要是以报道性摘要的形式表述论文中价值最高的那部分内容，其余部分则以指示性摘要形式表达。
篇幅以100~200字为宜。
一般地说，向学术性期刊投稿，应选用报道性摘要形式。
3 摘要段的内容一般包括研究工作的目的、方法、结果和结论，而重点是结果和结论。
例如:“青少年足球运动员倾向性的不同因果模型”摘要借鉴Bcanlan的运动倾向性因果模型及其调查问卷来分析我国青少年足球运动员运动倾向性的影响因素。
对北京市252名青少年足球运动员施测结果的分析表明：运动倾向性五因素模型比较符合北京市青少年足球运动员，其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会是主要影响因素，而社会约束几乎无作用。
该文摘表述了研究工作的目的（从“分析我国”至“影响因素”片断）、方法（从“借鉴”至“问卷”片断）、结果和结论（冒号之后至末尾）。
英文科技论文写作是进行国际学术交流必需的技能。
一般而言，发表在专业英语期刊上的科技论文在文章结构和文字表达上都有其特定的格式和规定，只有严格遵循国际标准和相应刊物的规定，才能提高所投稿件的录用率。
针对《发动机稀燃汽油机的氢气直接喷射燃烧和排放研究的特点》并综合网上查找资料，总结出了一套写作框架。
这套框架基本能够依次回答以下问题：Introduction（引言）：研究的是什么问题？Materials and Methods（材料和方法）：怎样研究这个问题？Results（结果）：发现了什么?Discussion（讨论）：这些发现意味着什么?Conclusions-结论/总结英文科技论文的基本格式包括：Title-论文题目Author(s)-作者姓名Affiliation(s) and address(es)-联系方式Abstract-摘要Keywords-关键词Body-正文Acknowledgements-致谢，可空缺References-参考文献Appendix-附录，可空缺Resume-作者简介，视刊物而定下面把各个部分的注意事项做如下阐述。
1．Title（论文题目）论文题目力求做到长短适中，概括性强，重点突出，一目了然。
论文题目一般由名词词组或名词短语构成在必须使用动词的情况下，一般用分词或动名词形式。
题目中介词、冠词小写。
具体写作要求如下：（1）题目要准确地反映论文的内容。
作为论文的“标签”，题目既不能过于空泛和一般化，也不宜过于繁琐，使人得不出鲜明的印象。
为确保题目的含义准确，尽量避免使用非定量的、含义不明的词，如“rapid”，“new”等；（2）题目用语需简练、明了，以最少的文字概括尽可能多的内容。
题目最好不超过10 ~ 12个单词，或100个英文字符（含空格和标点），在内容层次很多的情况下，如果难以简短化，最好采用主、副题名相结合的方法，主副题名之间用冒号（:）隔开（3）题目要清晰地反映文章的具体内容和特色，明确表明研究工作的独到之处，力求简洁有效、重点突出。
2021年英语四级关于科技的作文Title: The Transformative Power of TechnologyIn the digital age, technology permeates every aspect of our lives, fundamentally altering the way we live, work, and interact. The year 2021 witnessed a surge in technological advancements that have significantly shaped our contemporary society. From artificial intelligence to remote work, technology has catalyzed unprecedented changes, leading to a redefinition of convenience, connectivity, and creativity. This essay explores the profound impact of technology, highlighting its transformative power in three critical domains: education, communication, and health.Firstly, technology has revolutionized the educational landscape, making knowledge more accessible than ever before. Online platforms and digital tools have disrupted traditional learning models, transcending geographical barriers and time constraints. In 2021, the global education sector witnessed a massive shift towards e-learning, facilitated by innovative technologies such as virtual reality, gamification, and intelligent tutoring systems. These advancements not only make education more engaging and interactive but also offer personalized learning experiences, catering to the uniqueneeds and pace of individual learners. Moreover, open educational resources (OER) and massive open online courses (MOOCs) have democratized education, granting individuals from diverse backgrounds access to world-class learning materials and expertise, thus bridging the educational divide.Secondly, technology has redefined human communication, enhancing connectivity and fostering global collaboration. The advent of social media, messaging apps, and video conferencing tools has transformed the way people interact, share information, and build relationships. In 2021, with the ongoing pandemic, the significance of these technologies became even more pronounced. Platforms like Zoom and WhatsApp enabled people to stay connected, facilitating remote work, virtual social gatherings, and even digital protests. These technologies not only reduced the physical boundaries hindering communication but also intensified societal engagement, enabling a broader audience to participate in global conversations and movements.Lastly, technology has significantly impacted healthcare, improving patient outcomes and medical innovations. Advances in telemedicine, artificial intelligence, and wearable health technology have transformed medical practice, makinghealthcare services more accessible, efficient, and accurate. In 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of these technologies. Telemedicine, in particular, emerged as a lifeline, allowing patients to consult doctors remotely, reducing the risk of infection transmission and ensuring continuity of care. Additionally, AI algorithms were utilized to predict outbreaks, develop vaccines rapidly, and analyze vast amounts of medical data to improve diagnostics and treatment plans.In conclusion, the year 2021 underscored the integral role of technology in driving societal change. The advancements in education, communication, and health epitomize how technology empowers us, fostering an interconnected world that is more inclusive, responsive, and resilient. As we continue to embrace technological innovations, it is imperative to recognize their transformative power and harness it responsibly to shape a future characterized by accessibility, empathy, and sustainability.。
第四单元参考答案1.1 Pre-reading Qs:1) The method section is the most important aspect of a research paper because itprovides the information by which the validity of a study is ultimately judged.Therefore, the researcher must provide a clear and precise description of how an experiment is to be carried out, and the rationale for the specific experimental procedures chosen. It must be written with enough information so that: (1) the experiment could be repeated by others to evaluate whether the results are reproducible, and (2) the readers can judge whether the results and conclusions are valid.2)overview of the research / experiment, population / subjects, research location,materials, procedure, variables, sampling techniques, statistical treatment, possible restrictions3)When describing actions and situations that happened in the past, or telling astory and expressing actions that follow each other in a story, we normally use the simple past tense. Different tenses can be used depending on reference to the past or recurring present events. To sum up, the majority of verbs are in the past; other forms can also be used if there is a good reason for doing so. Active voice means that if the subject of a sentence performs the action, then the verb used to express this meaning is active. If the subject receives the action of the verb, then the verb is passive. Passive voice is normally used if the agent is arbitrary, not known, or not important, and sometimes “by …”is omitted. In this reading passage, a past passive structure is predominant.1.3.2·Students’ questionnaire include d five sections with 23 questions:1) demographic information2)importance of English in college and professional careers3)perceived language skill needs and problems4)the activities needed in a freshman language course, and5)suggestions for development of course content and materials as well asdemographic information.·The faculty questionnaire consisted of four sections with l6 questions, which are parallel to those in the version given to the students except that no demographic information was gathered.Research aim:A Study of perceptions of English Needs in a Medical Context Questionnaire One: The questionnaire given to the medical students consisted of five sections with 23 questions, the topics of which were importance of English in college and professional careers, perceived language skill needs and problems, activities needed in a freshman language course, and suggestions for development of course content and materials as well as demographic information.Questionnaire Two: The faculty questionnaire consisted of four sections with l6 questions, which were parallel to those in the version given to the students except that no demographic information was gathered.Research restrictions:The questionnaires were piloted, and modified according to the feedback from l0 respondents: six medical students and four faculty members.One of the authors, a faculty member at Chung Shan Medical College, selected one required class for each group of students (freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors). (The population size is not big enough and the sampling technique is not so clear.)2.1.12.1.2 A poison ivy infection is considered by some to be humorous. But it is not funny at all. A rash that has the intensity of a fresh mosquito bite and lasts for several days is caused by contact with the plant. Poison ivy infection has been studied by scientists for centuries, but no preventive pill or inoculation has been found. The poisonous substance in the plant is called urushiol. After the skin is touched by urushiol, the exposed area will soon be covered by blisters and weeping sores.2.2: The following sentences describe a process of making paper. Use sequentialwords and rewrite them into a cohesive paragraph.Firstly, the logs are placed in the shredder. Then they are cut into small chips which are mixed with water and acid. After that, they are heated and crushed to a heavy pulp which is cleaned. It is also chemically bleached to whiten it. Later, it is passed through rollers to flatten it. Then sheets of wet paper are produced. Finally, the water is removed from the sheets which are pressed, dried and refined until the finished paper is produced.3.1 Read the following sentences. They are all taken from method sections fromdifferent research articles. In each case, determine which information element is represented.1. subjects2. material3. procedure4.overview5. statistical treatment6. procedure and material7. sampling8. research location3.2 Completing sentences1) The questionnaire was administered.2) completed the questionnaire.3) Background information about these participants is presented in Table 2.4) The mean age of the participants was approximately 29 years old.5) the year of working experience was six on the average.3.3Reordering sentences1c 2 e 3 d 4 f 5g 6 b 7 I 8 a 9h3.4 Rewriting sentences(1) Table 2 shows the number of students per level and their Ll languagebackgrounds represented.(2) Two questionnaires administered respectively to the personnel officers andbusiness employees show a similar result in terms of their perception of the use of English in their firm.(3) The scores of the two raters were averaged and entered for statistical analysis.(4) The model used in the experiment was a modified version of the 2009 Testpackage, originally developed by the Morrison Research Institute.(5) Gray (1998) studied the effectiveness of the new schedule, using scores on theStanford Achievement Test as the measure.(6) After the teacher explained the directions, the students began to write.( place modifiers so that they clearly modify what they are intended to modify ) (7) Students achieved better results, although the schedule was in effect for only 1year. (Put the main idea in the main clause )(8) After putting the assignment on the board, the teacher found by checking theroll that three students were absent. (Too many and s )(9) Because many school administrators seem interested in making only simple andinexpensive changes, they have been overly receptive to simplistic solutions.( avoid inserting long modifiers between the subject and the verb )(10) Many people are reluctant to install solar energy systems because of the largecapital investment required. ( avoid using subordinate clauses that modify other subordinate clauses )3.5 Turning notes into a passageA taste test was conducted to determine students’preferences and attitudes toward sugar-sweetened and artificially-sweetened beverages. Ten people, five male students and five female students, from Science English class 1 were chosen at random to participate in the test. The materials used were thirty straws, two cups, one blindfold, and two containers of Kool-Aid, a popular drink in the United States. One container held four cups of orange Kool-Aid sweetened with one half cup of sugar. The other container held four cups of orange Kool-aid sweetened with 9 packets of Nutrasweet brand artificial sweetener.The steps included in the test were as follows. Ten volunteer students were chosen, five male students and five female students. They were placed into two lines, one for the males and the other for the females. Alternately, men and women completed the taste test. To complete the test a blindfold was first fastened over the eyes of the tester so that he/she could not see. Then the two cups were filled with beverage, one with artificially-sweetened Kool-Aid and the other with sugar-sweetened Kool-Aid. The tester was then asked three questions from a survey and the answers were tabulated. Next, using a straw, the tester took a sip from each cup. Then the final two questions on the survey were asked and the answers tabulated. Finally, the remaining drink was thrown away, and the next tester came forward to repeat the process.4. Writing Project(Omitted)。
LOGO第一章记叙文体的英译与写作第二章法律文体的英译与写作第三章应用文体英译与写作第四章广告文体英译与写作QQ:105448245424学时科技英语(二)EST ⅡREFERENCES:1、张梦井，杜耀文汉英科技翻译指南，航空工业出版社，19962、王运，实用科技英语翻译技巧，科技文献出版社，19923、熊第霖，英文科技写作，国防工业出版社，20011 记叙文体的汉译英1. 1 科技论文的汉译英问题1. 2 摘要的英译与写作1. 3 国际会议文献的英译与写作1. 1 科技论文的汉译英问题一、科技论文的分类◆按学科的性质和功能⏹基础学科论文⏹技术学科论文⏹应用学科论文◆按照写作目的和发挥的作用⏹学术性论文⏹技术性论文⏹学位论文◆按论文内容所属学科数学论文物理论文化学论文天文学论文机械工程技术论文建筑工程技术论文◆按研究和写作方法理论推导型实(试)验研究型观测型设计计算型发现发明型争鸣型综述型Title标题Abstract摘要Keywords关键词Table of contents目录Nomenclature术语表Introduction引言正文Acknowledgement致谢Reference参考文献Appendix附录Methods方法Results结果Discussion讨论Conclusion结论二、科技论文的一般结构LOGOacknowledgmentReferencesTitle 标题Author 作者Abstract 摘要Introduction 引言4 Summary and conclusion三、论文标题的英译与写作1、标题的作用⏹Generalizing the Text⏹Attracting the Reader⏹Facilitating the Retrieval2、标题的长度（单词总数）及词性⏹标题不宜过长，大多为12个单词以内。
⏹标题中用得最多的是名词（包括动名词），除名词外，用得较多的是介词，有时使用形容词、冠词、连词、副词。
科研论文检索关键词：1疏水缔合聚合物（两亲聚合物、活性聚合物、结构聚合物）：疏水单体、合成、表征、流变性1Hydrophobically Associating Water-soluble Polymers/Water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymers （amphiphilic polymerliving polymer/ active polymer？？？）：hydrophobic monomersynthesisrepresentationrheological property/rheological behavior2表面活性剂：界面张力、驱油、乳化、囊泡、粘弹性、(1) Surfactant：interfacial tension/ surface tensionoil-displacementemulsification/emulsifyVesicleviscoelasticity adsorb3聚合物驱：稠油、海上油田、驱油机理polymer flooding :viscous oil/heavy oil offshore oilfield/offshore oil field oil-displacement mechanisms4复合驱：二元、三元、新的化学驱方法（分子膜）、吸附、色谱分离combination flooding: binaryternaryNew method of chemical flooding (molecular film)adsorbchromatograph5聚表相互作用：流变性、界面性质、自组装/自聚集/自组织、溶液结构Polymer−Surfactantinteraction:rheological property/ rheologicalbehaviorinterfacial propertySelf-assembly/self-aggregation /self organizationsolution structure6超分子聚合物体系：自组装/自聚集/自组织、流变性、溶液结构Supramolecular polymer systems:Self-assembly/ self-aggregation /self organizationrheological property/ rheological behaviorsolution structure7压裂液：清洁、缔合、非交联fracturing fluid:Clean fracturing fluid(清洁压裂液) association/ associate uncrosslinked/non-crosslinked8物模实验：可视化、三维、注入性、传导性/传播性、阻力系数、残余阻力系数、非均质、驱油效率Physical model experiment:visualizationthree-dimensionalinjectivityconductivity/tr ansmissibilityresistance coefficient/drag coefficientcoefficient of remains resistance/residual resistance factorheterogeneousoil displacement efficiency1. G. Wang, D. Zhang, Z. Du, P. Li, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.。
英文科技专题文章范文(热门3篇)英文科技专题文章范文第1篇One way to get noticed is Reuben Smith Vaughn, another American college graduate. The most popular majors in this university are English, business and economics. Sitting here, he hears the real Emptiness: Bachelor's degree or above, major in machinery or trade.Our textbook is new international business English published by Cambridge University Press. How do you deal with training, becoming a celebrity and homework? I'm Li San from Jiujiang. I'm a fresh graduate majoring in Business English, with bachelor's degree or above in mining or business English Mechanical or business majors give priority to college education with Japanese as major, plus practical experience in translating business documents for homework.Write a letter to your parents and tell them about your life in college,.中文翻译：一个能引起注意的方法是鲁本·史密斯·沃恩，另一个美国大学的毕业生。
