下载文档原格式
Lesson8动词（一）实义动词，系动词，助动词，情态动词一．动词的定义表示动作、状态或性质的词称为动词。
二．动词的分类按照其在句子中的功能和意义，动词可以分为实义动词，系动词，助动词和情态动词四大类别。
三．实义动词1. 实义动词又称行为动词，在句子中能独立做谓语。
2. 实义动词又分为可以后面直接跟宾语的及物动词和后面不需要跟宾语的不及物动词。
Eg: He sends me a rose. (他送我一朵玫瑰花。
）send是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。
Eg: The sun rises in the east. (太阳从东方升起.)rise是不及物动词，后面不需跟宾语。
四．系动词1. 系动词不能单独作谓语，而必须和表语（名词，形容词等）一起构成谓语部分，形成系表结构。
2.常用的系动词：（1）be动词（am/is/are/was/were)（2）5个感官系动词：look 看起来smell 闻起来taste 闻起来sound 听起来feel 摸起来（后+形容词）Eg: She looks beautiful today. 她今天看起来很漂亮。
The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。
That sounds good. 那听起来不错。
（3）get/become/turn/go 表变化，后加形容词。
Eg: It gets warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和。
In fall, the leaves turn yellow. 秋天树叶变黄。
The food goes bad easily in summer. 食物在夏天很容易变坏。
五．助动词1. 助动词本身没有词义，不能单独做谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等语法形式，或用来加强语气。
常用的助动词有：be, do, have, shall, will。
2. 助动词be（1）可用于构成时态，主要是进行时：I am looking at you.（2）可用于构成被动语态: You are being looked.（3）可与动词不定式构成谓语: My job is to look at you every minute.3. 助动词have(1) 构成完成时态：We have learned English for many years.(2)和动词不定式构成谓语，表示因客观环境促使不得不做的事情：We have to learn English very well.4. 助动词do(1) 构成疑问句和否定句：Dose he do his homework after school?(2)用来加强语气：I do want to buy a new car.(3)用来代替动词词组：Write a letter “L” as I do.5.助动词shall构成将来时态，单纯表示未来情况：Shall I begin?6.助动词will构成将来时，用于第一，二，三人称。
小升初英语专项练习：情态动词一、情态动词的定义：情态动词有词义，但它不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化；它的后面必须跟动词原形。
二、情态动词的种类：情态动词有can (could), may, must, have to, shall (should), will (would), need等，这些是小学阶段需掌握的情态动词。
三、情态动词的用法：1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。
Can you lift this heavy box（体力）Mary can speak three languages.（知识） Can you skate（技能）2) 表示请求和允许。
Can I go nowCould \Can you help me ---- Yes, of course.\Certainly.\ Sure. Could \Can you tell me the way to the Zoo3) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true This can’t be done by him. How can this be true1) 表示请求和允许。
否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。
---- May I smoke in this room ---- No, you mustn’t. ---- May I take this book out of the room ---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t)用May I...征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...在口语中更常见。
2）表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。
1．He may be very busy now. 2．Your mother may not know the truth.3）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
小升初情态动词一、选择题1．—Where is Tom? I am considering ________ him about the result of the exam.—Oh. You ________. He has known it already.A．to tell; can't B．telling; needn't C．tell; mustn't D．told; shouldn't 2．To my joy, we_________ go to the bank. Mary has lent us some money.A．shouldn’t B．needn’t C．couldn’t D．wouldn’t 3．—Could I join you in the programme?—Sorry, you ________. You are too young.A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．needn’t4．Hurry up, or we ________ miss the beginning of the film.A．should B．must C．may D．have to5．You ________ require others to do with the problem like you. Everyone has his own way. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．may not D．shouldn’t6．We shouldn’t throw any objects from the building. Even a small object ________ cause serious injuries or death, when dropped from a great height.A．must B．should C．may D．need7．Our Chemistry teacher always tells us we ________ be too hardworking before the exams. A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．can’t8．—________ you give me a hand? I can’t put up the post er by myself.—No problem.A．Could B．Should C．Need D．Must9．It’s of great importance to protect the environment. Each of us ________ take an active part in it.A．can B．may C．would D．should 10．Exercise is helpful but it ________ be regular (规律的) exercise.A．must B．may C．can D．need 11．—Who’s singing next door? Is it Miss Wang?—It ________ be her. She’s having the board meeting.A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t 12．When you visit a museum, some instructions should ________ and we’d better not ________ them.A．pay attention to; be against B．be paid attention; againstC．be paid attention to; against D．be paid attention to; be against13．— Mom, must I clean my room now?— No, you ________. You can do it after dinner.A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．can’t14．The boy is very brave．I ________ he ________ the tall tree．A．dare say; dares to climbB．dare to say; dare climbingC．dare saying; dares climbD．dare to say; dares climbed15．---Will you be back early this evening?---Yes, but I ________ be a little late. Our boss sometimes has extra work for us.A．may B．must C．need D．will16．You ______ pay too much attention to your pronunciation, as it is so important in the oral （口头的） test.A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．needn’t 17．Dr. Zhong Nanshan once said, "To prevent the spread of this disease, we________never be too careful."A．can B．may C．must D．should 18．Think twice before making a decision, or you __________ get into trouble.A．may B．can't C．shouldn't D．mustn't 19．Don’t cross the road until the traffic lights turn green. A car_______hit you.A．need B．may C．should D．must20．— Is Lang Lang going to perform at Art Center this Friday?— Yes. It ________ be him. He has been here for three days.A．might B．must C．mustn’t D．may21．Mr. Black ________ be at home now. He went abroad on vacation last Friday.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 22．You _________ smoke here! Look at the sign. It says "No smoking".A．needn't B．mustn't C．can D．may23．— Listen! Tom ________ be listening to the music while doing his homework.—Let’s go upstairs to remind him to turn it off.A．should B．could C．would D．must 24．—Suzy described every detail of the accident just now.—Her memory ________ be completely back.A．shall B．need C．must D．could25．—Is that Mr Zhou?—It ________ be him. He has gone to Beijing.A．can B．may C．can’t D．shouldn’t 26．—Is it usually warm in Yancheng in May?—Yes. But it _______ be rather cold sometimes.A．must B．should C．would D．can27．— Is the boy over there Tom? He often wears a jacket like that.— It _______ be him. He is absent from school today.A．needn’t B．shouldn’t C．mustn’t D．can’t28．You ________ pay too much attention to protecting yourself if you plan to go abroad. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t29．—Do we have to finish this today?—Yes, you ________ . Today is the last day.A．would B．may C．can D．must30．Look at the floor, Tom! ________ you watch TV while having a meal?A．Should B．Could C．Must D．May31．—What is that young lady’s job?—She ________ be a nurse, I’m not sure.A．must B．may C．need D．would32．For the safety of the passengers, objects like guns ________ be carried on board.A．may not B．needn’t C．might not D．mustn’t 33．—How beautiful the winter jasmines (迎春花) are!—Yes. These golden-yellow flowers ________ be widely seen in my city in March.A．must B．can C．would D．should34．— What do you think of the show yesterday?— Some of them were really good but others ________ be better.A．will B．must C．need D．can 35．—Who’s the man over there? Is that Mr. Black?—It ________ be him. Mr. Black is much taller than that man.A．may B．must C．can’t D．mustn’t 36．—May I have some wine to drink?—No, you ________. You have to drive home later.A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．may not37．—________ I see your ID card? We have to check your personal information.—Sure. Here you are.A．May B．Need C．Should D．Must38．—I think they are enough. We ________ make so many chairs.—I don’t think so. Because nearly a quarter of them need ________.A．don’t need to; mending B．needed; to be mendedC．don’t need; mend D．need; to mend39．You ________ be careful with the camera. It costs!A．can B．will C．should D．may40．—Must we stop the Japanese government discharging nuclear waste water (排放核污水) into the Pacific Ocean?—________. Because everyone should protect our earth and it is bad ________ us to eat the polluted seafood and drink the waste water.A．Yes, we can; of B．No, we mustn’t; of C．Yes, we must; for D．No, we needn’t; for 【参考答案】一、选择题1．B解析：B【详解】句意：——汤姆在哪里？我正在考虑告诉他考试的结果。
