2015高考英语完形填空、阅读理解突破练习8(含答案)

2015高考英语完形填空、阅读理解通用练习（8）及答案
完形填空。

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

My son Tom taught me a beautiful lesson today. He is three years old and it is amazing watching him grow up.
He called out to me today saying, “Papa, sit”. That usually means 31 everything and going next to him and sitting down to play with him. I did that, as he can be 32 and will not stop calling out until I 33 . He was playing with beads (珠子), pushing a string through them, which is a great exercise to help 34 fine motor skills. Then, after he finished playing with the beads, it was time to put them back in the box that they are stored in. I saw him 35 pick up each bead, look at it 36 it were made of chocolate and then placed it into its box.
With over a hundred beads to go, I was getting 37 . “What a long time it will take! Why cannot he 38 ten beads in one go and drop them in?” said my anxious mind. I noticed that he did this with as much 39 as he had while we were playing. I didn’t see any 40 between his play and his putting away the toy. Obviously he enjoyed both.
Then it suddenly 41 me that this boy was enjoying the whole 42 . The journey was his goal. For him the 43 was in the game and after the game, not just in the fun part. What a great perspective: to live each moment as it is the 44 moment; to do each task as it is the most awesome task. Nothing else 45 .
Looking at how 46 my son was putting beads into the box 47 me that the process was the goal. The joy of pilgrimage (朝圣) is not in getting there but in every 48 of the journey.
This is what living in the NOW is all 49 . Tom, my son, was showing me that it was about thoroughly enjoying every moment with 50 love and peace.
31. A. wasting B. leaving C. taking D. preparing
32. A. stubborn B. innocent C. helpful D. humorous
33. A. fell down B. turned round C. burst out D. gave in
34. A. highlight B. develop C. illustrate D. identify
35. A. gratefully B. eagerly C. carefully D. quickly
36. A. as if B. even though C. in case D. in that
37. A. fascinated B. satisfied C. impatient D. energetic
38. A. package B. grab C. deliver D. replace
39. A. confidence B. strength C. inspiration D. involvement
40. A. sense B. difference C. need D. value
41. A. excited B. helped C. struck D. encouraged
42. A. process B. morning C. experiment D. design
43. A. victory B. challenge C. difficulty D. pleasure
44. A. urgent B. decisive C. perfect D. dangerous
45. A. matters B. happens C. disappears D. works
46. A. successfully B. peacefully C. responsibly D. systematically
47. A. guaranteed B. warned C. promised D. taught
48. A. plan B. destination C. step D. detail
49. A. for B. with C. about D. from
50. A. complete B. available C. additional D. precious
【参考答案】完形填空。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

If you're someone who is eager to do something beyond the ordinary, you must have figured out by now that there will always be those who are jealous or resentful(怨恨) of your success.
It doesn't matter that you've worked long and hard to get where you are, nor that you've made great sacrifices in achieving your goals. The "haters" will always find a reason to speak ill of you and even condemn you.
They're spiteful (恨的) people who envy you the pride you have in yourself and the recognition you're receiving from others. They can't stand it that you're happy, fulfilled and achieving your goals.
These hateful individuals are unwilling to do the work that you've done. They hate your success but are too lazy to invest real time or energy in achieving their own goals.
The thing you need to know about these haters is that the only reason they behave this way is that you have something they want, but they aren't willing to work for it.
The haters are convinced that you've been lucky or that you've had some unfair advantage, but the truth is that your success is born of your untiring efforts, and it's these efforts that have brought about your "luck."
The best way to deal with haters is what I call the "one-two punch." First, don't let them hurt you. Be happy about your success and proud of your accomplishments. Company with those who approve you, recognize you and support you, and never doubt that you deserve all the success. The haters are angry, jealous people. What they think or say is meaningless.
Next, the more the haters annoy you, the more you should be motivated to succeed. They want to ruin you, but your response should be to work that much harder in order to increase your level of success.
When your reaction to their bad behavior has inspired you to achieve further success, you've transformed the haters' negativity (消极) into fuel for your creative fires. Not only can they not hurt you but they've inspired you onto even greater heights by chance.
41. Why will the "haters" always find a reason to speak ill of you?
A. They care more about you.
B. You always work too hard.
C. You are lazy but proud.
D. They envy you the success.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。

题目在第二段命题，答案在第三四段出现，D选项为直接的因果关系。

他们嫉妒你的成功，故选D。

42. In haters' opinion, one reason why they don't hate is that__________.
A. you achieve your goals
B. they can't bear your delight
C. they deserve what you own
D. you make unlimited efforts
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。

C选项与第五段that you have something they want but they aren't willing to work for it相符，不是他们所恨的。

故选C。

43. According to the passage, one of the best ways to deal with haters is __________.
A. to get rid of them
B. to work even harder
C. to share the happiness
D. to motivate them
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。

根据They want to ruin you, but your response should be to work that much harder in order to increase your level of success.处理恨最好的方式是更加努力地工作，故选B。

44. What 's the author's attitude to the "haters"?
A. supportive.
B. sympathetic.
C. angry.
D. Critical.
【答案】D
【解析】态度推理题。

从全文作者的语气和最后一段可推出，D选项正确。

critical批评的。

故选D。

45. What is the main purpose of the last paragraph?
A. to encourage those who are envied.
B. To present an active opinion.
C. To teach haters a lesson.
D. To give information about success.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。

从最后一段的关键词“inspired”可推断A正确。

这从该段开头句和后一句的大意：你对待敌意的方式会激励你取得更大的成就，这些欺负你的人再也伤不了你，反而会鞭策你更上一层楼。

故选A。

第1模块完形填空模块导读（1）
考纲解读
完形填空是一种综合测试，涉及的知识面很广，是用来测试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力。

具体表现在以下几个方面：
(1)词语辨析能力(2)语法结构分析能力
(3)语篇理解能力(4)逻辑推理能力
(5)文化背景透析能力(6)作者意图剖析能力
(7)生活常识综合运用能力
命题分析
完形填空在选材上主要以记叙文、夹叙夹议型的文章为主，伴之以说明文和议论文。

所选材料源于生活，时代感强，语言地道，内容健康，情节丰富，寓意深刻，常涉及人物的心理活动描写，集知识、文化、教育和娱乐为一体，具有极强的可读性。

词数大多在250—300，难度低于阅读理解部分的文段。

近年来的完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越淡化语法结构，重在文意的干扰，即把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。

这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个选项在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。

因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择正确答案是解决这类题的关键。

以下是广东省最近三年高考自主命题的完形填空的命题特点以及实词考查对照表：
应试点睛
完形填空考查的内容和范围
1．主要考查的词类
完形填空题突出考查考生对篇章的整体理解和对语境的理解，而在文章中只有实词才能较好地突出词汇的语境化。

细读近两年的考试大纲和研究近三年的高考试题后，我们可以得知，广东卷完形填空只考查实词，主要是名词、动词(包括动词短语)、形容词、副词等。

同时，每小题的四个选项均属同一词类或同一语法形式。

若四个选项都是名词，那么都是单数名词或复数名词或是不可数名词；若四个选项都是形容词或副词，要么都是原级，要么都是比较级，要么都是最高级；如果都是动词，那么四个选项要么都是及物动词或不及物动词，要么都是­ing形式或­ed形式，要么都是动词原形。

2．试题的选文特点
广东卷完形填空的体裁可以是具有一定故事情节的记叙文，或是夹叙夹议、富有哲理的议论文，也可以是说明文。

2009～2011年广东高考英语试题的三篇文章的主题都很明确，内容完整，结构严谨，层次分明，逻辑性强，文章内容新，立意高，构思巧妙，富有一定的时代特色和教育意义，句式结构不是很复杂，知识内涵没有超出中学生的认知水平，考生读起来熟悉、亲切、自然，其难度略高于高三教材。

完形填空的首句是文章的窗口，有助于考生了解和推测全文的大意，所以短文首句均不设空，每两题空格最大间隔一般不超过30个词，最小不低于5个词。

广东卷完形填空的全部答案都是通过理解上下文来确定的，也可以说是要求考生从文章中找出直接或间接的答案。

它一般不设纯语法题，如不设主谓一致题，不设复合句的连接词，不考介词、代词等。

另外，四个选项中一般不会出现很难辨析的同义词或近义词。

逻辑推理、背景知识、生活常识、习惯用法和搭配是命题者经常考虑的命题点。

3．考查的主要技能
首先，考查考生结合文章上下文对词汇意义及其用法的理解和运用能力。

完形填空题型有相当一部分试题是考查考生能否根据文章的上下文来正确辨别所
给选项，选出最适合文章语境的词或词组。

其次，考查考生灵活运用习惯用法和常用搭配的能力。

另外，考查考生根据生活常识进行推理和判断的能力。

探究点一对名词和动词的考查
完形填空主要考查语境理解，而在通常情况下，只有实词才能较好地体现语境。

2009～2011年广东高考英语卷完形填空考查的全为实词，如名词、动词、形容词、副词等。

一、名词
名词是完形填空中对词汇考查的重要内容之一。

名词在英语基本词汇中所占比例很大，而且英语中名词的同义词和近义词很多，所以对名词考查的主要项目是名词词义辨析，此外还有名词与介词的搭配、名词与动词的搭配等。

做题时应该注意：
1．名词的基本意义以及同、近义名词的区分
例1 Chinese arts have won the ________ of a lot of people outside China.
A．enjoyment B．appreciation
C．entertainment D．reputation
【解析】B本题考查名词的词义辨析。

enjoyment享乐，快乐；appreciation 欣赏，正确评价，感激；entertainment款待，娱乐；reputation名誉，名声。

根据语境“中国的艺术得到许多海外人士的好评”可知答案为B。

2．名词在特定情景、语境中的特殊含义
例2 “The longer you stay away from the motherland，”she said, “the sweeter your blood grows to the mosquitoes.”Well, less than a week after my arrival, I was already carpeted with a ________ of mosquito bites.
A．shade B．pile C．cloud D．blanket
【解析】D blanket原意是“毯子，毛毯”，此处意思是“像毯子一样的厚厚的覆盖物”，此处引申为“一层”。

另外，blanket常用作名词，意思是“毯子”，也可用作动词，意思是“像毯子一样覆盖”。

例3 It didn’t matter whether you were black, white or Asian; everyone worked together for the ________ of the company.
A．good B．boss C．rest D．right
【解析】A此处good是名词，意为“好处，利益”。

3．名词与动词的搭配
例4 I have read the material several times but it didn’t make any ________ to me.
A．meaning B．importance C．sense D．significance
【解析】C make sense是固定习语，意为“意义清楚，讲得通，有道理”。

4．名词与介词的搭配
例5Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by ________ of cries.
A．ways B．means C．methods D．approaches
【解析】B四个选项都有“方法，手段”的意思，但by means of 是固定短语，意为“借助……手段”。

例6Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within________ of little children.
A．hand B．reach C．space D．Distance
【解析】B within reach of sb是固定习语，意为“某人伸手拿得到的”。

例7I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children’s ________.
A．reach B．hand C．hold D．place
【解析】A out of sb’s reach和beyond sb’s reach是固定习语，意为“伸手拿不到的，够不着的”。

例8 He and his wife are of the same ________ ; they both want their son to go to college.
A．soul B．spirit C．heart D．mind
【解析】D of the same mind是固定结构，意为“意见一致，想法一致”。

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world’s supply of water. With 97% of the world’s wate r too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage (短缺) seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world’s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages.
Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution (重新分配) are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys (山谷) are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.
This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation (灌溉). In Texas, farmers’ overuse of irrgation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.
Saudi Arabia’s attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.
1. From the first two paragraphs we learn that.
A. much of the world’s water is available for use
B. people in high rainfall countries feel lucky
C. the costs of water redistribution should be considered
D. water can be easily carried through pipes across the world
2. Which of the following is true?
A. The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%.
B. Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages.
C. The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years.
D. Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley.
3. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?
A. Steps to improving water use management.
B. Ways to reduce the costs of building dams.
C. Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages.
D. Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply.
4. The text is mainly about.
A. water supply and increasing population
B. water use management and agriculture
C. water redistribution and wildlife protection
D. water shortages and environmental protection
【参考答案】1-4 CCAB。