婚姻匹配模式与婚姻稳定性来自中国家庭追踪调查的经验证据
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郑晓冬ꎬ 等: 婚姻匹配模式与婚姻稳定性
Abstract: This paper uses the data of China Family Panel Studies ( CFPS) from 2010 to 2016 to describe the general situation and changes of marriage matching pattern and marital stability in China. Meanwhileꎬ the paper also explores the effect of marriage matching pattern on marital stability and its mechanism by using survival analysis. The study finds that the matrimonial matching on the characteristics of couples and their family background is dominant. With the changes of the timesꎬ China ’ s marriage matching patterns are more diverse and heterogeneous. Meanwhileꎬ the marital stability has begun to decline. The empirical results show that the marriage pattern with disproportionate marital characteristics including personal educationꎬ ageꎬ household registration and regional characteristicsꎬ would increase the risk of divorceꎬ especially for the disparity between marital characteristics of the couples. Howeverꎬ the proportionate match of the couples’ family background does not significantly affect the stability of marriage. The research results of impact mechanism show that the low disparity in values between husband and wife in proportionally matched marriages is an important reason for their low risks of divorce. Thereforeꎬ weakening the identity of urban and rural residentsꎬ rationally allocating public resources between urban and rural areas and regionsꎬ narrowing the social and economic inequality of individualsꎬ and strengthening the family tradition construction are important channels to ensure the higher ̄level stability of marriage at present and in the future. Keywords: assortative mating patternꎻ marital stabilityꎻ divorce riskꎻ survival analysis
Assortative Mating Pattern and Marital Stability: Evidence from Chinese Family Panel Studies ZHENG Xiaodongꎬ FANG Xiangming
( College of Economics and Managementꎬ China Agricultural Universityꎬ Beijing 100083ꎬ China)
2019 年第 3 期 ( 总第 234 期)
人口与经济 POPULATION & ECONOMICS
No. 3ꎬ 2019 ( Tot. No. 234)
婚姻匹配模式与婚姻稳定性
———来自中国家庭追踪调查的经验证据
郑晓冬ꎬ 方向明
( 中国农业大学 经济管理学院ꎬ 北京 100083)
摘 要: 利用 2010—2016 年中国家庭追踪调查 ( CFPS) 数据ꎬ 描述了中国婚姻匹 配模式与婚姻稳定性的概况与变迁ꎬ 并采用生存分析等方法探究了婚姻匹配模式对 婚姻稳定性的影响及其机制ꎮ 研究发现ꎬ 总体上夫妻及其家庭背景特征相称的婚姻 匹配模式处于主导地位ꎬ 但随着时代的变迁ꎬ 中国的婚配模式更加多样ꎬ 异质性婚 配逐渐增多ꎬ 同时婚姻稳定性也有所下降ꎮ 实证结果表明ꎬ 夫妻在教育、 年龄、 户 籍与所在区域等个人特征上的不同将提高离婚风险ꎬ 特别是夫妻特征差异较大的情 况ꎬ 而夫妻家庭背景特征相称的婚配模式ꎬ 即 “ 门当户对” 并不明显影响婚姻稳 定性ꎮ 进一步探讨影响机制发现ꎬ 在相称匹配的婚姻中ꎬ 夫妻价值观念更加一致是 其表现出较低离婚风险的重要原因ꎮ 因此ꎬ 弱化城乡居民身份、 合理分配城乡与区 域间的公共资源、 缩小个体间的社会经济不平等以及加强家风建设是保证当前与未 来全社会较高程度婚姻稳定性的重要渠道ꎮ 关键词: 婚姻匹配模式ꎻ 婚姻稳定性ꎻ 离婚风险ꎻ 生存分析 中图分类号: C913������ 13 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-4149 (2019) 03-0016-16 DOI: 10������ 3969 / j������ issn������ 1000-4149������ 2019������ 03������ 002
收稿日期: 2018-03-12ꎻ 修订日期: 2018-07-08 基金项目: 国家社会科学基金一般项目 “ 新型究” (17BRK018) ꎮ 作者简介: 郑晓冬ꎬ 中国农业大学经济管理学院博士研究生ꎻ 方向明 ( 通讯作者)ꎬ 经济学博士ꎬ 中国农业大学经济管