Protein chips
蛋白质芯片是一种高通量的蛋白功能分 析技术，可用于蛋白质表达谱分析，研究蛋 白质与蛋白质的相互作用，甚至DNA－蛋白质、 RNA－蛋白质的相互作用，筛选药物作用的蛋 白靶点等。
Lab chips
芯片实验室是以芯片为平台的微全分析系统， 它是把生物和化学等领域所涉及的样品制备、生 物与化学反应、分离与检测等基本操作单元集成 到一块几平方厘米的芯片上，用以完成不同的生 物或化学反应过程，并对其产物进行分析的一种 技术。通俗言之，就是把实验室搬到芯片上。
目前应用较多的领域，用基因芯片进行的表达水平检测可自动、 快速地检测出成千上万个基因的表达情况，通过分析那些有表达差 异的基因来达到研究目的。
2、基因诊断
从正常人的基因组中分离出DNA与DNA芯片杂交就可以得出标 准图谱。从病人的基因组中分离出DNA与DNA芯片杂交就可以得出 病变图谱。通过比较、分析这两种图谱，就可以得出病变的DNA信 息。
息学研究的主要技术支撑。
生物芯片的发展趋势
• Greater density • Accelerated automation • Cost reduction
Literature
Abstract
A giant magnetoresistive (GMR) biochip based on spin valve sensor array and magnetic nanoparticle labels was developed for inexpensive, sensitive and reliable DNA detection. The DNA targets detected in this experiment were PCR products amplified from Human Papillomavirus (HPV) plasmids. The concentrations of the target DNA after PCR were around 10nM in most cases, but concentrations of 10pM were also detectable, which is demonstrated by experiments with synthetic DNA samples. A mild but highly specific surface chemistry was used for probe oligonucleotide immobilization. Double modulation technique was used for signal detection in order to reduce the 1/f noise in the sensor. Twelve assays were performed with an accuracy of approximately 90%. Magnetic signalswere consistent with particle coverage data measured with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). More recent research on microfluidics showed the potential of reducing the assay time below one hour. This is the first demonstration of magnetic DNA detection using plasmid-derived samples. This study provides a direct proof that GMR sensors can be used for biomedical applications.
