中国文化概论论文-端砚介绍英文
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:288.58 KB
- 文档页数:5
端砚介绍范文第一篇:端砚介绍范文赛福端砚端砚,始于唐代,盛于宋。
端砚是我国的四大名砚之一,它和安徽歙砚、甘肃洮河砚与山西晋城澄泥砚称为中国四大名砚。
其中以端砚位居第一。
砚材资源自古由国家直接控制开采。
宋徽宗明诏限定到肇庆任官者每人最多拥有两方端砚;乾隆皇帝一生中留下了38首题款端砚的诗跋,更是广东新近出炉的岭南文化十大名片之一。
端石出产于广东省高要县和肇庆市一带,其颜色以紫色为主调(分为青紫———红紫十多种),另有灰色、青黑色、青色和绿色等。
其主要特点是石纹丰富,有青花纹(砚面上带有青黑色花纹)、朱砂钉(如坚硬的红色钉头般的斑点)、五彩钉等,另有形似动物眼睛的“石眼”。
端石的“石眼”为辉绿岩凝结物,也有石连虫化石。
其中的“鸲鹆眼”形似八哥眼,圆晕中还有“瞳仁”,是“眼”中上品。
鉴别砚时,用手指敲打砚,听其声。
发出金属声的,表明石质坚硬、密度高;木声表明石质温和,密度低;若发出的声音似瓦声,则表明石质粗糙。
古人将端砚的特点概括为“温润如玉,扣之无声,缩墨不腐”,这表明“无声”的端砚为上品。
“无声”的砚,并不是指敲打时听不到声音,而是发出的声音温和、细微。
值得注意的是,砚石时发出的声音也取决于砚的厚度。
产于肇庆市东部的烂柯山和肇庆市七星岩北面的北岭山一带,老坑、麻子坑、梅花坑和坑仔岩。
端砚居中国四大名砚之首,不但古来已十分名贵,更因几大名坑砚材枯竭,近年已所有名坑都已“封坑”,特别是老坑已封坑多年,无石可采,所有名坑:老坑、麻子坑、坑仔岩,梅花坑,宋坑等端砚身价日升,这些原料已经越来越珍贵。
端砚之所以封坑,是因坑道闭塞、塌方和政府保护而封坑停采,砚资源越来越少了,现在销售的都是以前开采的砚石,卖一块就少一块了,故端砚之收藏价值越来越高,升值潜力越来越大。
当前投资黄金、房产,增值空间不如投资端砚的回报高,因为端砚已经成为稀缺资源,当前已经无法开采,所卖的都是很多年前积累下的藏品,积累的藏品卖完就没有了,物以稀为贵,只会不断升值,价格没有顶。
中国世界文化遗产英语介绍作文80词左右全文共10篇示例,供读者参考篇1Hello everyone! Today I'm going to introduce you to some of the World Cultural Heritage sites in China. There are so many amazing places in China that have been recognized by the UNESCO as important cultural sites.One of the most famous World Cultural Heritage sites in China is the Great Wall. It's super long, like really really long, and it was built over 2,000 years ago to protect China from invaders. It's made of stone, brick, tamped earth, and other materials, and stretches over 13,000 miles! Can you believe that? It's so cool to walk on the Great Wall and see all the watchtowers and mountains.Another awesome place is the Forbidden City in Beijing. It's like a huge palace with a ton of buildings and halls. It was the place where emperors of China lived and ruled for over 500 years! The Forbidden City is so big that it has 9,999 rooms. That's a lot of rooms! It's also really beautiful with all the red and gold colors.Then, there's the Terracotta Army in Xi'an. It's a bunch of life-sized clay soldiers, horses, and chariots that were buried with the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang. There are over 8,000 soldiers in total, and they were made over 2,000 years ago! Each soldier has a unique face and armor, which is so cool.These are just a few of the World Cultural Heritage sites in China. There are so many more amazing places to explore and learn about in this beautiful country. I hope you can visit them one day and see for yourself the wonder and history of China's cultural heritage!篇2Hello everyone, do you know that China has a lot of World Heritage Sites? Today, I'm going to introduce some of them to you. Let's explore together!The Great Wall is one of the most famous World Heritage Sites in China. It is a long wall that was built over 2,000 years ago to protect China from invaders. The Great Wall stretches over 13,000 miles and is made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials. It's amazing to think about how people built such a big wall without modern machines!Another cool World Heritage Site in China is the Forbidden City. It was the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties and is located in the capital city of Beijing. The Forbidden City has over 9,000 rooms and was home to emperors and their families. Today, it is a museum where you can learn about China's history and see beautiful artifacts and architecture.The Terracotta Army is another World Heritage Site in China. It is a collection of terracotta sculptures that were buried with Emperor Qin Shi Huang to protect him in the afterlife. The Terracotta Army has over 8,000 soldiers, horses, and chariots, all made of clay. It's amazing to see how detailed and lifelike the sculptures are!There are many other World Heritage Sites in China, such as the Mogao Caves, the Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian, and the Summer Palace. Each site has its own history and significance, and they all help to tell the story of China's rich cultural heritage.I hope you enjoyed learning about some of China's World Heritage Sites. Remember, it's important to protect and preserve these sites so that future generations can continue to learn from them. Let's all do our part to safeguard these treasures of the past!篇3Hello everyone, today I want to tell you about some of China's world cultural heritage sites. They are super cool and have a lot of history behind them!The first one is the Great Wall of China. It's like a giant dragon snaking its way through the mountains. People say you can see it from space! The Great Wall was built a long long time ago to keep out invaders. It's really long, over 13,000 miles! Can you imagine walking that far?Next up is the Forbidden City in Beijing. It's called that because back in the day, only the emperor and his family could go inside. It's like a huge palace with over 9,000 rooms! Can you imagine having a house that big?Then there's the Terracotta Warriors in Xi'an. They're like an army of soldiers made out of clay, all lined up in rows. They were buried with the first emperor of China to protect him in the afterlife. There are over 8,000 of them! That's a lot of warriors!Last but not least, there's the Summer Palace in Beijing. It's like a beautiful garden with a huge lake in the middle. The emperors used to go there to relax and have fun. Can you imagine having your own palace to play in?So there you have it, some of China's world cultural heritage sites. They're all super awesome and have so much history behind them. I hope you get a chance to visit them one day!篇4Title: Let's Learn about China's World Cultural Heritage Sites!Hey guys! Are you ready to learn about some awesome places in China that have been recognized as World Cultural Heritage Sites? Let's dive right in and explore these amazing treasures together!The first World Cultural Heritage Site we're going to talk about is the Great Wall of China. It's like super duper long and was built over 2,000 years ago to protect China from invaders. The Great Wall is made of stone, brick, tamped earth, and other materials, and it stretches for about 13,171 miles. Can you believe that? It's like the longest wall ever!Next up is the Forbidden City in Beijing. It's a giant palace complex that used to be the home of emperors and their families. The Forbidden City has like over 9,000 rooms and covers an area of about 180 acres. That's like soooo huge! It's full of beautiful ancient buildings, gardens, and artifacts that will totally blow your mind.Another cool World Cultural Heritage Site in China is the Terracotta Army in Xi'an. It's like this big army of clay soldiers that was buried with the first Emperor of China to protect him in the afterlife. There are over 8,000 soldiers, horses, and chariots in the army, and they're all life-sized and super detailed. It's like a real-life version of an ancient army!There are so many more amazing World Cultural Heritage Sites in China, like the Summer Palace, the Peking Man Site, and the Mogao Caves. Each site has its own unique history and significance that makes it a special part of China's cultural heritage.I hope you guys had fun learning about these awesome places in China! Let's continue to explore and appreciate the rich cultural heritage of our world together. Bye for now!篇5Hello everyone! Today I'm going to introduce you to some of the World Heritage Sites in China. There are so many amazing places in China that have been recognized by UNESCO for their cultural and historical significance. Let's take a look at a few of them:The Great Wall of China is one of the most famous landmarks in the world. It's over 13,000 miles long and was built over 2,000 years ago to protect the Chinese Empire from invaders. Walking along the Great Wall is like stepping back in time and imagining what it was like to defend ancient China.The Forbidden City in Beijing is another incredible World Heritage Site. It was once the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties and is now a museum that showcases China's rich history and culture. The architecture and design of the Forbidden City are simply breathtaking.The Terracotta Army in Xi'an is a fascinating archaeological site that was discovered in 1974. It consists of thousands oflife-sized terracotta soldiers and horses that were buried with Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. It's amazing to see the intricate details of each warrior and imagine what life was like in ancient China.These are just a few examples of the World Heritage Sites in China. Each one tells a unique story and gives us a glimpse into the rich history and culture of this amazing country. I hope you get a chance to visit China and see these incredible sites for yourself one day!篇6Once upon a time, there were lots of really old and important places in China that were so special they got called World Heritage Sites. These sites are like superstars in the world of history and culture!Let me tell you about some of them. The Great Wall is one of the most famous World Heritage Sites in China. It's like a really long dragon made of bricks and stones that goes up and down the mountains. People built it a long, long time ago to keep bad guys out of China. It's so big you can even see it from outer space!Another cool World Heritage Site is the Forbidden City. It's a giant palace with red walls and yellow roofs where emperors used to live a zillion years ago. Inside, there are beautiful gardens, big halls, and even a Hall of Supreme Harmony where the emperor did important stuff.The Terracotta Army is also a World Heritage Site in China. It's a bunch of clay soldiers and horses buried in the ground to protect an emperor in the afterlife. Imagine having your own army to keep you safe forever!These are just a few examples of the amazing World Heritage Sites in China. They are like treasures that show how awesome and ancient Chinese culture is. So, next time you visit a World Heritage Site, remember to appreciate and respect the history and traditions they represent.篇7Hey guys, do you know that China has a lot of cool stuff that is on the World Heritage List? Yeah, it's true! Let me tell you about some of them.First off, we have the Great Wall of China. It's super duper long, like, over 13,000 miles long! Can you imagine walking that far? The Great Wall was built a long time ago to protect China from invaders. It's made of stones, bricks, and even earth. Some parts of the wall are really old and crumbly, but it's still super cool to see.Next up, we have the Forbidden City. It's in Beijing and used to be where emperors lived and ruled China. The Forbidden City is HUGE, with over 900 buildings inside! It's all red and gold and looks like something out of a fairy tale. You can go visit and see where the emperors used to sit on their throne and make important decisions.Another cool World Heritage Site in China is the Terracotta Army. Have you heard of it before? It's thousands of life-sized clay soldiers that were buried with China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang. The soldiers are all different and have different faces and outfits. It's like a huge army frozen in time!Last but not least, we have the Mogao Caves. These caves are full of ancient Buddhist art and statues. There are over 700 caves with paintings and sculptures that are over 1,000 years old! It's like walking into a time machine and seeing what China was like a long time ago.So, there you have it, some of China's awesome World Heritage Sites. There are even more out there to discover, so let's go explore and learn more about China's rich history and culture!篇8Hello everyone, today I want to introduce to you some of China's world cultural heritage sites. These sites are super duper important and special because they show how cool and amazing China's history and culture are.The first world cultural heritage site in China is the Great Wall. It's like a super long dragon made of stones and bricks that stretches across China. It's so big that you can even see it fromspace. The Great Wall was built a long long time ago to protect China from enemies. Isn't that super cool?The second world cultural heritage site is the Forbidden City in Beijing. It used to be the palace where emperors and empresses lived. There are so many rooms and gardens inside, and the buildings are painted in beautiful colors. It's like a magical kingdom from a fairy tale!The third world cultural heritage site is the Terracotta Warriors in Xi'an. It's like an army of clay soldiers that were buried with the first emperor of China to protect him in the afterlife. There are thousands of them and each one is unique. It's like a super cool art project from a long long time ago.There are many more world cultural heritage sites in China, like the Mogao Caves, the Peking Man Site, and the Summer Palace. Each one is special and important in its own way, and they all show how awesome China's history and culture are.I hope you enjoyed learning about China's world cultural heritage sites. They're like treasure chests full of cool stories and secrets from the past. China is such an amazing place, don't you think?篇9Hello everyone, do you know what a World Heritage Site is? Well, let me tell you all about it!A World Heritage Site is a special place that is recognized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as being important to the cultural or natural heritage of the world. There are many World Heritage Sites in China, and they are all really cool!One of the most famous World Heritage Sites in China is the Great Wall. It is a really big wall that was built a long time ago to keep out bad guys. It is over 13,000 miles long and you can even see it from space! Isn't that amazing?Another World Heritage Site in China is the Forbidden City. It is a really big palace where the emperors used to live a long time ago. It has over 9,000 rooms and it is super fancy!There are also lots of beautiful natural World Heritage Sites in China, like Mount Taishan and Mount Huangshan. These mountains are really pretty and lots of people like to visit them.I think it's really cool that China has so many World Heritage Sites. It shows how special and important our country's history and culture are. I hope you all get to visit these amazing places someday!That's all for now, thanks for listening!篇10Hello everyone! Today I want to talk to you about the World Cultural Heritage in China. There are so many cool and amazing places in China that are on the list of World Cultural Heritage. Let’s explore some of them together!The Great Wall is one of the most famous World Cultural Heritage sites in China. It is a long wall that was built a long time ago to protect China from invaders. The Great Wall is really long, it stretches for over 13,000 miles! Can you imagine walking all that way? It’s so cool to see all the bricks and stones that were used to build the wall hundreds of years ago.Another cool place in China is the Forbidden City. It used to be where emperors lived in ancient China. The Forbidden City has over 9,000 rooms, can you believe that? It’s like a city inside a city! The buildings are so beautiful and colorful, and there are even some cool statues of dragons and lions guarding the entrance.Do you like pandas? Well, if you do, you’ll love the Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuary. It’s a place in China where pandas live in the wild. The pandas are so cute and fluffy, and they love toeat bamboo. It’s so cool to see them playing and climbing trees in their natural habitat.There are so many more amazing World Cultural Heritage sites in China, like the Terracotta Warriors, the Summer Palace, and the Potala Palace. Each of these places has its own unique history and beauty that makes them special.I hope you enjoyed learning about the World Cultural Heritage in China with me today. Remember to always appreciate and respect the history and culture of different countries around the world. Thank you for listening!。
介绍中国一些陶瓷文化初中英语作文The Fascinating Culture of Chinese CeramicsChina has a long and rich history in ceramics, dating back thousands of years. Ceramics, made from clay and hardened by fire, have played a significant role in Chinese culture and art.One of the most famous types of Chinese ceramics is porcelain. It is known for its delicate beauty, smooth surface, and bright colors. Porcelain was first produced during the Han Dynasty and reached its peak during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The blue and white porcelain, with its intricate designs and elegant blue hues, is particularly renowned.Besides porcelain, there are other types of Chinese ceramics, such as earthenware and stoneware. Each type has its unique characteristics and uses. For example, earthenware is often used for daily vessels due to its durability, while stoneware is known for its sturdy and heat-resistant qualities.The production of ceramics involves several steps, including clay preparation, shaping, glazing, and firing. Each step requires skill and patience, making ceramics a true artisan craft. The designs and patterns on ceramics often reflect nature, such as flowers, birds, and landscapes, showcasing the harmony between humans and nature in Chinese philosophy.Chinese ceramics are not just artworks; they also carry deep cultural meanings. They were often used as gifts to show respect and friendship, or as burial objects to accompany the deceased in their afterlife.In conclusion, Chinese ceramics represent a vibrant and rich cultural heritage. They are not just beautiful objects but also tell the story of China's history, traditions, and artistic talents. Today, they continue to captivate people worldwide, serving as a bridge between the past and the present, the East and the West.。
介绍中国文化的英语短文欣赏(2)中国传统文化英语介绍篇四Calligraphy is the essence of Chinese culture, which has developed into a special high-level art apart from satisfying the needs of daily writing. It has been flourishing for thousands of years inChina. Shops with strong commercial atmosphere will gain some elegance if they are decorated with some quaint cultural calligraphic works. Sitting rooms, studies and bedrooms can be nice-looking with calligraphy works decorated. As a kind of art work, the writing of calligraphy is particular. The Chinese characters are written on Xuan paper which absorbs ink very well and then are mounted to hang on a wall. The calligraphy works are mostly a poem or a motto that the host of the room likes it much; if it is written by the host himself, it will demonstrate more his aspiration and interest as well as his talent.书法是中国文化的精粹,除了满足日常书写外,它已经上升成为一门特别的高等艺术。
介绍中国传统文化的英语文章介绍中国传统文化的英语文章可以包括以下几个方面:1. 饮食文化:介绍中国的各种美食,包括菜肴的种类、制作方法和食用方式等。
2. 节日文化:介绍中国的传统节日,如春节、中秋节、端午节等,以及它们的起源、习俗和意义。
3. 传统艺术:包括书法、绘画、剪纸、陶瓷、戏曲等,介绍它们的起源、发展、特点和代表作品。
4. 民俗文化:介绍中国的民间信仰、婚丧嫁娶习俗、民间工艺等,以及它们在中国文化中的地位和影响。
5. 传统文化思想:介绍中国的儒家、道家、墨家等传统文化思想,以及它们对中国文化和社会的影响。
以下是一篇关于中国传统文化的英语文章示例:Title: Chinese Traditional Culture: A Uniqueblendof Past and PresentChina, a country with a long history and diverse culture, has many traditional elements that make it unique. One of the most prominent aspects of Chinese culture is its food, which has a variety of flavors and cooking techniques that are appreciated worldwide. From the simplicity of rice and noodles to the complexity of delicately crafted soups and stews, Chinese cuisine is a reflection of the country's diverse landscape and climate.Another important aspect of Chinese culture is its rich traditional festivals. From the solemnity of the Spring Festival to the joy of the Mid-Autumn Festival, Chinese festivals have their own unique customs and symbols that reflect the values of the Chinese people. These festivals not only bring people together but also serve as a way for the Chinese to reflect on their past and look forward to the future.In terms of art, Chinese culture is represented byvarious traditional forms, including calligraphy, painting, paper cutting, pottery, and more. These art forms not only serve as beautiful decorations but also reflect the thoughtfulness and creativity of the Chinese people. From Taoist symbolism to Feng Shui principles, Chinese art is full of hidden meanings that require deeper exploration.Finally, Chinese culture is also characterized by its traditional beliefs and customs. From funeral rites to wedding ceremonies, Chinese culture has its own unique ways of celebrating life's important moments. Additionally, there are various folk arts and crafts that have been passed down through generations, such as embroidery, pottery, and more. These traditional practices not only serve as beautiful art forms but also contribute to the rich tapestry of Chinese culture.In conclusion, Chinese culture is a complex blend of past and present, with elements from different eras still present in modern society. From food to festivals to art to beliefs and customs, Chinese culture has alot to offer, both to the Chinese people and to the world at large.。
国宝英文介绍作文Title: Introduction to China's National Treasure。
China is a land of rich cultural heritage, and amongits many treasures are the invaluable artifacts that symbolize its history, tradition, and craftsmanship. These treasures, often referred to as China's national treasures, hold immense historical and cultural significance. In this essay, we will delve into the captivating world of China's national treasures, exploring their origins, significance, and enduring legacy.One of the most renowned national treasures of China is the Terracotta Army, discovered in the Shaanxi province in 1974. This extraordinary archaeological find consists of thousands of life-sized terracotta soldiers and horses buried with the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, to protect him in the afterlife. Each soldier is meticulously crafted with distinct facial features, hairstyles, and armor, showcasing the remarkable craftsmanship of the QinDynasty artisans. The Terracotta Army not only serves as a testament to ancient Chinese military prowess but also provides invaluable insights into the political and social structures of the time.Another iconic national treasure is the Great Wall of China, a marvel of ancient engineering and a symbol of Chinese resilience and ingenuity. Stretching over 13,000 miles across rugged terrain, the Great Wall stands as a monumental feat of defensive architecture, built over centuries to protect China from invasions by nomadic tribes. Its construction commenced as early as the 7th century BC and continued through successive dynasties, with each ruler adding their own section to strengthen the defenses. Today, the Great Wall remains a symbol of China's enduringstrength and unity, attracting millions of visitors from around the world.In addition to architectural marvels, China's national treasures also include exquisite works of art, such as the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. Located in Gansu province alongthe ancient Silk Road, the Mogao Grottoes comprise a vastcomplex of Buddhist cave temples adorned with intricate murals, sculptures, and manuscripts. These artistic masterpieces, created over a span of a thousand years,reflect the fusion of Buddhist, Indian, and Central Asian influences, making them a testament to China's cultural exchange and artistic innovation.Furthermore, China's national treasures encompass awide array of ancient artifacts, from bronze vessels of the Shang and Zhou dynasties to delicate porcelain of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Each artifact tells a story of China's past, reflecting the artistic achievements, technological advancements, and cultural exchanges of the respective eras. These treasures not only serve as reminders of China's glorious history but also inspire a sense of pride and reverence among the Chinese people.In conclusion, China's national treasures represent the epitome of its rich cultural heritage, spanning millenniaof history and encompassing a diverse range of artifacts, monuments, and artworks. From the majestic Terracotta Armyto the awe-inspiring Great Wall and the exquisite DunhuangMogao Grottoes, these treasures bear witness to China's enduring legacy of craftsmanship, innovation, and cultural exchange. As custodians of these national treasures, it is our collective responsibility to preserve and cherish them for future generations, ensuring that their legacy continues to inspire and enrich our lives.。
陶瓷文化介绍英文作文 Ceramic culture is an important part of human history and civilization. It has been around for thousands of years and has played a significant role in the development of various cultures around the world.
Ceramic art is a form of expression that has been used by different cultures to create beautiful and functional objects. From pottery to porcelain, ceramic art has been used to create items such as vases, bowls, plates, and sculptures.
One of the most famous examples of ceramic art is Chinese porcelain. It is known for its delicate and intricate designs, as well as its durability and beauty. Chinese porcelain has been highly prized and sought after for centuries, and it continues to be a popular form of art and collectible today.
In addition to its artistic value, ceramics also have practical uses. For example, pottery has been used for thousands of years to create containers for storing food and water. In many cultures, ceramic vessels were also used for religious and ceremonial purposes.
端午文物介绍英文作文英文:As a history enthusiast, I am excited to introduce some cultural relics related to the Dragon Boat Festival or Duanwu Festival. This traditional festival is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, which usually falls in June of the Gregorian calendar.Firstly, let me introduce the most famous culturalrelic related to the Dragon Boat Festival, which is the Dragon Boat. The Dragon Boat is a long and narrow wooden boat decorated with dragon heads and tails. It is used for racing during the festival to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. The Dragon Boat race is a popular event in many parts of China and even around the world.Another cultural relic related to the Dragon Boat Festival is the Zongzi. Zongzi is a traditional Chinese food made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo leaves. It isa must-have food during the festival. There are various types of Zongzi with different fillings, such as pork, egg yolk, and red bean paste.Apart from the Dragon Boat and Zongzi, there are also other cultural relics related to the Dragon Boat Festival, such as the sachet and the calamus. The sachet is a small bag filled with fragrant herbs and spices. It is believed to have the power of warding off evil spirits and bringing good luck. The calamus is a type of aromatic plant that is used to repel insects and purify the air.Overall, the cultural relics related to the Dragon Boat Festival are not only tangible objects but also intangible cultural heritage. They reflect the rich and diverse Chinese culture and the spirit of patriotism and unity.中文:作为一个历史爱好者,我很兴奋地介绍一些与端午节或龙舟节相关的文物。
介绍中国书法英语作文介绍中国书法英语作文在平日的学习、工作和生活里,大家都有写作文的经历,对作文很是熟悉吧,通过作文可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。
相信写作文是一个让许多人都头痛的问题,以下是小编为大家收集的介绍中国书法英语作文,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
介绍中国书法英语作文篇1Calligraphy is the essence of Chinese culture,which has developed into a special high-level art apart from satisfying theneeds of daily writing. It has been flourishing for thousands of years inChina.Shopswith strong commercial atmosphere will gain some elegance if they are decoratedwith some quaint cultural calligraphic works. Sitting rooms, studies andbedrooms can be nice-looking with calligraphy works decorated.As a kind of artwork, the writing of calligraphy is particular.The Chinese characters arewritten on Xuan paper which absorbs ink very well and then are mounted to hangon a wall.The calligraphy works are mostly a poem or a motto that the host ofthe room likes it much; if it is written by the host himself, it willdemonstrate more his aspiration and interest as well as his talent.书法是中国文化的精粹,除了满足日常书写外,它已经上升成为一门特别的高等艺术。
英文介绍中国古董作文"English:"As an enthusiast of Chinese antiquities, let me introduce you to the fascinating world of Chinese antiques.Chinese antiques encompass a wide range of items, from ceramics and paintings to furniture and sculptures, each reflecting the rich history and culture of China.For example, let's talk about Chinese porcelain. Chinese porcelain has a long and esteemed history, dating back to the Han Dynasty over 2,000 years ago. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, porcelain production reached its peak, with exquisite pieces coveted by collectors worldwide. Take, for instance, the famous blue and white porcelain of the Ming Dynasty, known for its intricate designs andvibrant cobalt-blue hues. These pieces are not onlybeautiful but also hold significant cultural and historical value.Moving on to Chinese paintings, they offer a windowinto the artistic traditions of China. Traditional Chinese painting often features landscapes, flowers, birds, and calligraphy, with each stroke conveying the artist's emotions and worldview. One iconic example is the Qingming Shanghe Tu, or Along the River During the Qingming Festival, a renowned scroll painting depicting bustling scenes ofdaily life in ancient China. This masterpiece provides invaluable insights into the customs and architecture ofthe time.Now, let's switch to Chinese for a moment."中文,"作为中国古董爱好者,让我为你介绍一下中国古董的迷人世界。
Course Paper for An Introduction to Chinese Culture
Title: Duan Inkstone and Its Culture Name: 吴宇航 School: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering Student ID: 201230810319 Date: 2015.5.27 Course Paper for An Introduction to Chinese Culture
2 Duan Inkstone and Its Culture By 吴宇航
【Abstract】 China has a long history of making and using inkstone. China’s vast territory has created different regional culture and the inkstone culture is not the exception. Among those, the best-lauded inkstone is Duan inkstone. This paper will first introduce the history of Duan inkstone and then its characters that impresses people. Lastly, it will give some example that Duan inkstone has greatly affected the local culture of Zhaoqing and people’s lives.
【Key Words】 Duan Inkstone; Zhaoqing; Four treasures of the study. I. Introduction China has a long history of the four treasures of the study which used for calligraphy and painting. The four treasures of the study are inkstone, ink stick, ink brush and Xuan paper. Although Chinese scholars favor the ink stick, ink brush and Xuan paper with high quality, their interests in inkstone are much greater. Duan inkstone, together with Taohe, Chengni and She inkstones are four kinds of Chinese inkstones especially noted in Chinese art history and known as the "Four Famous Inkstones". Because of its fine texture and exquisite workmanship, Duan inkstone has the highest reputation and is ranked first in Chinese inkstones. Duan inkstone was first produced in Duanzhou, Zhaoqing in Guangdong Province which can be dated from Wude reign (618-626) of the Tang Dynasty (618-907). From then on, Duan inkstone became an important tribute to emperors in all dynasties. As a result of that, Zhaoqing, known as the city of inkstone, has a rich and long history linked with inkstone.
II. History of Duan Inkstone Duan inkstone is produced in Duanzhou, Zhaoqing in Guangdong province. The earliest Duan inkstone can be dated from Tang Dynasty, over 1300 years ago. At the very beginning, Duan inkstone was only used as a practical and unromantic tools that have little decoration. As time flies, the producers were inspired by the wonderful natural view of Zhaoqing, they began to engrave the Duan inkstone with the elaborate symbols. Those exquisite inkstones were welcomed by Chinese scholars and its high reputation was widely spread. Gradually, for its fine quality, Duan inkstone gained the appreciation of the emperors and became an imperial tribute. For the one hand, Duan stone is a kind of rare material and had extremely high economic value. For the other hand, because of the overextraction, from the Ming Dynasties on, the government began to control the mining of Duan stone. The Duan inkstone now faces huge challenge for its rare mine resource and craft heritage. For better preservation, Duan inkstone making has been listed into the national intangible cultural heritage.
III. The Characters of Duan Inkstone Duan inkstone became the head of the four famous inkstone and was highly regarded since Song Dynasty for its fine nature. Duan inkstone is made of Duan stone mined from Duanxi River Course Paper for An Introduction to Chinese Culture 3 and some other mines in Lanke mountain. Duan inkstone can be categorized by the mines where the raw Duan stone was excavated. Every mines have their own characters and the products made from the raw stone of Laokeng mine, Mazikeng mine and Kengzaiyan mine are the best. Although there are differences between those mines, Duan inkstones share a lot of commons. Duan inkstone is a volcanic tuff, mainly of a purple to a purple-blue color. For the various rock materials embedded in the stone, inkstones have various distinctive markings and texture. The most famous mark is its stone eye. The more stone eyes it has, the higher value it will have. What’s more , a good design and engraving skills are also important parts. According to different raw Duan stone, the makers first design and fully utilize the shape and marks, then begin craving into different subjects with flying dragons, wonderful natural views and etc. It is the unique design of those striking marks that makes the Duan inkstone highly valued in China.
IV. Duan Inkstone And Zhaoqing Since Tang Dynasty, Zhaoqing people have first created the Duan inkstone. Zhaoqing has over 1300 years about Duan inkstone. When we talk about Zhaoqing’s history, Duan inkstone can not be left without. We can say that Duan inkstone is a part of Zhaoqing’s history. From one side ,it is Zhaoqing people who created Duan inkstone. From the other side, it is Duan inkstone that created today’s Zhaoqing and its rich culture. There is a little about the Duan inkstone. In Song Dynasty, Baozheng was demoted and came to Zhaoqing to continue his career. During his term in Zhaoqing, he has done a lot of thing to help local people. When he got the promotion and prepared to leave, the local people gave him a Duan inkstone to thank his great work. The local people so insisted, he had no choice but accepted it. As we all known, Baozheng was a honest and upright official, he would not allow himself to receive anything from the people because he knew their livelihood problem. So when he began to leave Zhaoqing, he threw the Duan inkstone into the Xijiang River. and the Duan inkstone turned into a island now called Yanzhou, which means the Duan inkstone island. The story of Duan inkstone island is still needed to be confirmed. But we are all sure that Zhaoqing is really affected by Duan inkstone. Duan inkstone has given rise to a Duan inkstone industry that many people live on it since Song Dynasty. Nowadays we still can see that there is a village called Duan inkstone village and some families there are small factories of making inkstone. They still use the traditional method to produce the Duan inkstone. But as the development of high-tech, there are some signs that the Duan inkstone culture are declining. And the local government are taking action to protect the splendid culture. III. Conclusion Duan inkstone has a long history and deeply affects the culture of Zhaoqing. Because of its fine nature and letting the ink to be created better, Duan inkstone is ranked first of the Four Famous Inkstone. Although the procedure of making inkstone is very complex but the producer still insist to follow the traditional methods. Duan inkstone has a high reputation around the world but there are some problem that we can not ignore. First, the raw material is less ans less. Second, the Duan inkstone is needed to be promoted and inherited. Although these problem are very tough but we should believe that through our effort these problem can be solved.