1. 高考英语重点语法(派生、名冠代)

新课标高考英语重点语法范例

第一节 派生词

在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中，有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。此外，新考纲要求考生掌握3 000多个英语单词。因此，掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题，还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量，为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。

一、名词后缀

1．动词 ＋ -ion/-tion /-sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)

correct v．改正；纠正 correction n．改正

celebrate v．庆祝 celebration n．庆祝；庆祝会

conclude v．完成；结束 conclusion n．结论；结束

2．动词 ＋-er/-or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)

drive v．驾驶开车；驱赶 driver n．司机；驾驶员

gather v．聚集；采集 gatherer n．收集者；采集者

conduct v．指挥；管理 conductor n．指挥；售票员

3．动词＋-ment→名词

punish v．惩罚 punishment n．惩罚

4．动词/形容词＋-th→名词

warm adj.温暖的 warmth n．温暖

grow v．生长 growth n．生长

5．形容词＋-y→名词

difficult adj.困难的 difficulty n．困难

honest adj.诚实的 honesty n．诚实

6．形容词＋-ness→名词

kind adj.善良的 kindness n．善良

7．动词 ＋-ance→名词

annoy vt.使烦恼 annoyance n．生气；烦恼

8．-ship结尾的名词(表示身份；关系；资格)

member n．成员；会员 membership n．会员资格

professor n．教授 professorship n．教授身份

9．-ing结尾的名词

garden n．花园 gardening n．园艺

greet v．打招呼；问候 greetings n．问候

[针对训练] 语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)

A

From the 1.expression (express) on Mary’s face, he knew he left a bad 2.impression

(impress) on her and if she won the 3.election (elect) to become chairman of the Environment

anization (organize), he could not get her 5.permission(permit) to join it although he was

willing to do his bit to rid the world of 6.pollution (pollute) and to help people enjoy a better

earth.When he was wondering how to change this embarrassing situation, he got 7.inspiration

(inspire) from his wife’s words.Yes, he should try his best to win the election and become

chairman himself with his 8.determination (determine) to work for the organization.“My dear,

you are really a wonderful 9.helper (help)！I’m sure I will be the 10.winner (win) of the election.”

He said to his wife excitedly.

B

It was really a hard time when Li Ping first came to the United States.His 1.earnings (earn)

could hardly cover the expenses, so when his wife gave 2.birth (bear) to their second daughter,

they could not afford enough nutrition food.Soon, poor nutrition caused the 3.death (die) of the

poor baby.4.Loneliness (lonely) was another problem because they had no 5.relations (relate) or

friends there.Thanks to his 6.bravery (brave) and 7.perseverance (persevere), he managed to gain

the 8.citizenship (citizen) of the United States and in the end he had his permanent 9. settlement

(settle)．He always tells his children like this: Perseverance leads to 10.happiness (happy) and

success.

二、形容词后缀

1．常见形容词后缀

(1)名词＋-al→形容词(表示 “有„„属性”， “与„„有关”)

agriculture n．农业 agricultural adj.农业的

(2)动词＋-ive→形容词

decide v．决定；下决心 decisive adj.决定性的；关键的

(3)动词＋-able→形容词(表示“能够”，“适于”，“值得”)

change v．变化；兑换

changeable adj.易变的；变化无常的

(4)名词 ＋-ful→形容词

care n．小心；关心 careful adj.小心的；仔细的

(5)名词＋-less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)

care n. 小心；关心 careless adj.粗心的

(6)名词＋-ly→形容词

friend n．朋友 friendly adj.友好的

(7)名词＋-y→形容词 dirt n．污物；脏物 dirty adj.脏的

(8)名词＋-ous→形容词

danger n．危险 dangerous adj.危险的

2．复合形容词的构成

(1)形容词＋-ing分词 easy-going 随和的

(2)形容词＋名词＋-ed kind-hearted 善良的；好心的

(3)名词＋-ed分词 water-covered 被水覆盖的

(4)副词＋-ed分词 well-written 写得好的

(5)数词＋名词＋-ed three-legged 三条腿的

[针对训练]

Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，写出画线单词的意思

1．It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck — of fate, really.(2012·四川高考阅读C)

( )

2．The good working condition in this city is attractive.( )

3．You can rely on him because he is reliable.( )

4．Her words struck fear into her heart so that she was sleepless all night long, afraid of being

killed unexpectedly some day.( )

5．It was a frosty cold morning when he set off for the remote village.( )

答案：1.不可思议的；难以置信的 2.吸引人的 3.可依赖的；靠得住的 4.没有睡觉的；不眠的 5.有霜的

Ⅱ.语篇填空

A：用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文

Lucy likes talking and everybody says she is municative (communicate)．She is

2.active (act) in answering the teachers’ questions and from time to time her classmates find her

answers quite 3.impressive (impress) and 4.acceptable (accept). Of course, not every student

likes her, but she has many friends who think Lucy is a 5.creative (create) and 6.helpful (help)

girl.For example, she once led a 7. homeless (home) child to her home and made the child her

younger sister.Besides, she spent 8.countless (count) hours caring for a sick neighbor until she

was well again.She is 9.friendly (friend) to those who have difficulty with their subjects.All in all,

Lucy is the most 10.famous (fame) girl in her school.

B：运用所学构词知识完成下列短文

Our journey was far-reaching amongst snow-covered/capped (雪封的) mountains where no

English-speaking (说英语的) people live.The local people are good-looking (相貌好看的),

easy-going (随和的) andhard-working (勤劳的)．Our hostess was old-aged (年老的)，white-haired (白发苍苍的) andsun-burnt (被太阳晒伤的)．She gave me home-made (自家