高考英语语法重点汇总
- 格式：docx
- 大小：56.44 KB
- 文档页数：10
2015高考语法重点动词动词词义辨析一直都是高考考查的重点，这类题绝大多数情况下所给的四个选项的含义各不相同，没有关联性，此时考查的是对题干和语境的理解。
偶尔也考查近义词的辨析。
近三年考查到的还有：①sacrifice (牺牲); substitute (代替); simplify (简化); survive②conclude; lead; avoid (避免); hold③persuade(说服); promise; invite; support④open; narrow; widen; leave⑤make; turn; take; have⑥differ; shrink (收缩); fail; decline (下降)⑦sponsor (赞助); launch (发射); organize; plan⑧tell; remind (提醒); warn; advise动词短语的辨析是动词考查的重中之重，甚至有些形式上单个动词的辨析也是考查所构成短语的辨析。
总的来说，动词短语的辨析可分为三种：一是以动词为主体词的辨析；二是以副词或介词为主体词的辨析；三是无关联的动词短语的辨析。
下面就常见的动词短语做如下总结：一、以动词为主体词的短语1．breakbreak away from脱离break down 坏掉；分解；垮下来break out爆发break in打断；闯入break into 闯入break through突破break up打碎；分解；分手2．bringbring about引起，导致bring down使降低，使下降bring in引进；赚进bring up抚养；养育；呕吐bring out取出；出版；生产；阐明3．comecome along 跟随come out出现；出版；结果是come about发生come across偶遇come to共计come up出现；被提出come up with提出4．cutcut in插嘴cut off 切断cut up切碎cut down砍倒，削减5．getget away外出度假get in 收割get into进入；养成get through完成；通过；解决；接通电话get over克服get across被理解；使通过get off下车/船/马/飞机等get down to着手做get up起床；起身6．gogo against违背go over预习；复习go out外出；熄灭go without没有……也行；没有……也可以勉强对付7. looklook through浏览；透过……看look into调查look up向上看；查找look up to 尊敬；敬仰look round/around环顾8. makemake out辨认出make up组成；编造make up with弥补make the best of充分利用9 . putput in放进，写进put away收起，储存put out扑灭；出版；生产put down写下，镇压put off推迟put on穿上；上演put up张贴；举起；建造put forward提出10．setset aside拨出；置于一旁set up建立；竖立set out着手(做……)；出发set about着手(做……)set off出发，引爆11．taketake up开始从事；占据；拿起take apart拆卸take in欺骗，吸收take off起飞；腾飞；脱掉take on呈现；雇用take over接管12．turnturn out结果证明turn to求助于；转向turn in上交turn down拒绝，把音量开小turn on打开turn off 关掉turn up出现；把音量开高turn over翻开二、以副词或介词为主体词的短语13．outwear out穿烂；用坏work out解出；进展顺利let out放出；发出；泄露leave out遗漏figure out弄清burst out爆发rule out排除point out指出carry out贯彻14．upbuild up增强keep up保持；鼓起speed up加速pick up拾起；收听/看；用车接送/装运；无意学会send up发射use up用完hang up挂断end up结束split up分裂；分手stay up熬夜15．offpay off还清；回报show off炫耀give off放出三、无关联的动词短语see to处理；解决fight for为……而战agree with同意；适合do without没有……也勉强对付fit in适合live up to达到；不辜负run away from逃走；避开[押题题组]1．Yesterday, I came across my former classmate, but his name ________ me, which made me embarrassed.A．forgot B．missed C．escaped D．reminded2．WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange was in court today, and when asked for his address he said he didn't want to ________ that information.A．give out B．keep out C．hold out D．bring out3．The famous actor keeps fit by ________ for an hour every morning.A．sticking out B．standing out C．making out D．working out4．Many people are beginning to reflect on why we pay so much to study abroad and what kind of consequences it will ________.A．bring out B．bring down C．bring about D．bring up5．With economy developing at great speed, our city has ________ quite a few changes in recent years.A．witnessed B．accumulated C．arisen D．introduced6．—Why didn't Mr.Smith arrive on time for the meeting?—He must have been ________ on his way here in the traffic jam.A．held up B．put up C．taken up D．given up7．Drinking water, having a healthy diet and taking exercise are all positive ways to ________ you when you are working on a tight schedule.A．relieve B．refresh C．liberate D．comfort8．Most of the people present at the meeting think poorly of the proposal, which they think will________ the worsening of the environment.A．adapt to B．refer to C．subscribe to D．contribute to 9．John said he wasn't disappointed at the result of the basketball game, but the look on his face ________ him ________.A．turned; down B．took; in C．made; out D．gave; away10．New computers are soon out of date since newer models are ________ constantly. A．turned up B．turned out C．turned down D．turned over11．He will have to find some other work, for he can't ________ this loud noise any more. A．come up with B．put up with C．make up with D．keep up with12．A good speaker is supposed to manage to ________ the listeners what he means. A．make sense to B．appeal to C．attach to D．get across to13．The two countries agreed to ________ their differences and work together for peace, which has a positive effect on the international situation.A．set down B．set out C．set aside D．set about14．—What attracted you to our university?—You have a great basketball team and I can ________ for it.A．work out B．look out C．try out D．carry out15．Getting your students ________ in classroom activities is vitally important.A．trapped B．devoted C．stuck D．involved动词和动词短语1．While intelligent people can often________the complex , a fool is more likely t o complicate the simple.A．sacrifice B．substitute C．simplify D．survive2．Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks ________ in disasters.A．turn down B．turn out C．break down D．break out3．According to t he law, all foreigners have to________with the local police within two weeks of arrival.A．associate B．dispute C．negotiate D．register4．—The town is so beautiful! I just love it.—Me too.The character of the town is well ________.A．qualified B．preserved C．decorated D．simplified5．Team leaders must ensure that all members ___ _____ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.A．get over B．look over C ．take over D．come over6．My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking，but at l east he has ________.A．cut out B．cut down C．cut up D．cut off7．If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to________a hand.A．lend B．shake C．wave D．want8．Try not to cough more than you can ________since it may cause problems to your lungs. A．check B．allow C．stop D．help9．When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to ________ it with important points.A．conclude B．lead C．avoid D．hold10．A good listener takes part in the conversation，________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.A．realizing B．copying C．offering D．misunderstanding非谓语动词[押题题组]1．________ enough money, Li Hua was unable to buy the new house.A．Not saved B．Not having saved C．Not to save D．Not saving 2．Misunderstandings ________ from lack of social communication, unless ________ properly, may lead to serious problems.A．arisen; handling B．arising; handled C．rising; handled D．risen; handling3．If water becomes increasingly scarce in decades ________，water shortage will become a hot issue all over the world.A．coming B．having come C．to come D．to be coming4．________ the English speech competition will be a lot of work, so I need some volunteers to help out.A．Organize B．Organized C．Organizing D．Being organized5．The new books ________ in the factory these days are mainly intended for children. A．printing B．to print C．being printed D．to be printed6．—Do you think you could get this package ________ fo r me, please?—No problem!A．to mail B．mailed C．mailing D．mail7．________ several important decisions based on emotion instead of reason, he felt bitterly regretted.A．Making B．Having made C．Made D．To make8．—Amy, please tell the people seated and ________ for their turns to come to my office five minutes later.—Yes, sir.A．wait B．waiting C．waited D．to wait9．________ to a top high school, as many parents believe, will guarantee their children a good university.A．Admitted B．Admitting C．Being admitted D．Having been admitted10．We had no one ________ us, for we could deal with the case all by ourselves.A．help B．to help C．helped D．helps11．The weather in Quzhou is rather cold in winter, especially ________ that in my hometown. A．having compared to B．comparing to C．compare to D．compared to12．________ clearly ________ nothing to do, the soldiers left the village the next day.A．It; was B．It; being C．There; was D．There; being13．With a great weight ________ off her mind, she passed all the tests successfully. A．taking B．to take C．taken D．being taken14．By the age of two, Heidi could count to 40, dra w pictures of people, and read books ________ for sevenyearolds.A．meaning B．meant C．being meant D．to mean15．Sitting at the corner of the meeting room, he looked sad because there were so many problems ________.A．remaining to settle B．remained settlingC．remaining to be settled D．remained to be settled介词近几年常考的介词中，一词多义或较难的有：1.Against(表示方位)倚靠着……；(表示态度)反对；(表示对比)以……为背景2．off(表示位置)在……的外面，在……的沿海；(表示方向)偏离；从……离开3．over(表示位置)在……的正上方，在……的上面；(表示方向)越过；(表示等级或数目)高于，在……之上，超过；(表示时间或过程)在……期间4．beyond(表示位置)在……另一边，在……更远处；(表示程度)超出，非……所能及5．with(表示关系)和……在一起；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示方式)用……，凭借……；(表示对象)关于……；(表示伴随)随着；(表示原因)由于，因为6．Through(表示位置)穿过；(表示时间)整个……；(表示手段、媒介)依据，经由固定搭配法固定搭配中介词(短语)的考查是重点，主要包括与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。
